B-1-APS安全和人机工程剖析.ppt

,AutolivProductionSystem,TrainingModuleSafety&Ergonomics安全和人机工程,客户,公司,员工,社会,APSHouse,平准化&能力连续流拉动系统节拍时间多频次交付生产线概念柔性化能力一物流,员工参与,安全/人机工程柔性&自我激励遵守标准化持续改进过程&结果不要评判，不要指责,质量保证质量方法6Sigma,质量第一,及时生产,盈利能力竞争能力满意度,团队合作5S标准化消除浪费TPM,“WorkingSafe”atAutoliv“安全工作”在Autoliv,BeingSafe生命安全,Whysafety?为什么安全？Unsafeactsand/orconditionsarewasteormuda不安全的行为和/或条件是浪费。Costtimeandmoney花费时间和金钱Distractfromvalue-addedwork分散增值工作Hurtmorale损害士气Itstheethicalthingtodo它是遵守的道德规范Preventslifeimpactinginjuries预防生命遇到伤害。Showswevaluepeople显示我们重视人的价值。Tobesafeweneedtoknow为了安全我们需要知道:Thehazardsofourjobs我们工作的风险。Howtoprotectourselves怎样保护我们自己。Howouractionsaffecteachotherssafety我们的行为怎样影响每一个其他人的安全。,Hazards,Physical身体方面Pinchorcrushpoints夹或粉碎点Movingequipmentthatcouldsnagclothing,hair,fingernails,etc.会毁坏衣服、头发，指甲的运转设备。Fallingorflyingobjects坠落或飞行的物体Slips,trips,andfalls滑倒，绊倒，和跌倒Collisions/crashes冲撞/碰撞Electrical电气方面Shockorelectrocution电击或电死Ergonomic人机工程Repetitivemotion/strains重复的动作/疲劳Unsafepostures,forces,and/orfrequency不安全的姿势，用力，和/或频率。,Chemical化学方面Spills溢出Exposure(burns,irritations,etc.)爆炸（灼伤，刺激）Fire/Explosion火灾/爆炸Health健康Diseases疾病Drugs/alcohol毒品/酒精Environmental环境Heat/cold热/冷Confinedspaces狭窄的空间Weather天气Naturalandmanmadedisasters自然和人造灾难WorkplaceViolence工场暴力,ProtectingOurselvesandOthers保护自己和其他人,Becarefulwhenworkingaroundequipment当绕着设备工作时注意Makesuremachineguardsareinplaceandfunctioning确信设备防护装置存在并起作用Lock-outandtag-outequipmentthatisbeingworkedon锁住工作中的电气设备并挂上警示标签Wearappropriateprotectiveclothing,especiallyeyeprotection穿合适的防护服，特别眼睛防护。Keepthingsfrombeingcaughtinmovingequipment(hair,looseclothing,jewelry,etc.)照管好可能被运转中的设备卷入的东西（头发，宽松的衣物，珠宝等等）Keepyourworkareacleananduncluttered保持工作场所的干净和整洁。Maintaineasyaccesstoeyewashes,fireextinguishers,firealarms,exits,etc.维护容易获取的洗眼水，灭火器，报警器，安全门等等。Removetrippingandslippinghazards消除绊倒和滑倒的风险Keepitemsinappropriatestoragecontainers/areas保持物品在适当的存储容器/区域内,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Becarefulwhenobjectscanfallonyou当物体有可能砸到你时小心Makesureitemsarentstackedtoohigh-chanceoffalling确保它们没有堆得过高-跌落的可能Makesureracksaresecureandstrongenough确保料架是安全和足够坚固的。Makesureitemscantbepushedthroughrackstofalloutoftheotherside确保物品不可能被推过料架跌落在另一边。Becarefulifothersareworkingaboveyoustayawayifpossibleand/orwearheadprotection如果其他人工作在你停留的上方，如果可能/或带头盔。Becarefularoundmovingvehicles注意周围移动的车子Onlytrainedandauthorizedpersonneloperatemovingvehicleslikeforklifts,tugs,trucks,etc.仅能由培训过和授权的人操作移动的车子象铲车，拖车，卡车等等Stayoutofthepathsofmovingvehicles停留在车行道之外Makesurevehicleoperatorsknowyouarethere确保车子驾驶员知道你的位置。Followallsafetyproceduresandtrafficsignals遵循所有安全程序和交通信号,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Becarefularoundelectricity小心周围的电源Pluginonlyonedeviceperoutlet每个电源插座仅插入一台设备。Dontuseitemswithwiresthatarefrayedordefective不要用有磨损或缺陷的电线。Onlytrainedandauthorizedpersonnelworkordorepairsonanythingelectrical仅仅由受过培训和授权的人员操作或维修电气部分。Keepelectricaldevicesawayfromwater保持电气设备不沾水Keepwiresoutofpathswheretheycouldbetrippedover保持电线不在人可能被绊倒的区域。Lockoutandtag-outelectricaldevicesbeingworkedon锁住工作中的电气设备并挂上警示标签。Ifsomeoneisbeingelectrocuted,immediatelyturnofforremovethepowersource(donttouchthem)如果有人触电，立即关闭或移开电源（不要接触）,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Practicegoodergonomics好的人机工程实践Workincomfortablepostures(minimaltwisting,bending,slouching)舒适的工作姿势（最小限度的扭曲，弯曲，懒散）Minimizetheforcewithwhichyoudothings(pushing,pinching,gripping,pulling,etc.)最小化操作时所用的力（推，捏，夹，拉）Minimize/changethefrequency/repetitionofhowyoudothings最小化/改变操作的频率和重复Drop/shakearms,movehead,changesittingposition,movehandstodifferentpositions,movelegs,shiftweight,etc.放下/摇动手臂，移动头部，改变坐的位置，移动手到不同的位置，移动腿，举重物，等等。Dowarmupexercisesbeforedoingrepetitivework做重复性工作前做一下热身运动Wearshoesthatarecomfortablewithgoodarchsupport穿舒适的鞋子Knowearlywarningsignsofrepetitivemotioninjuriesandmakeadjustmentsearly知道反复移动伤害的早期警示现象和进行早期的调整。Tinglingornumbnessoffingersorhands,especiallyatnight手指或手的刺痛或麻木，特别在夜晚Painthatsdifferentthansoremuscles不同于肌肉疼痛的痛苦。,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Adjusttheworkareatofityou把工作区域调整到适合你的需求。Adjusttables/equipmenttocomfortableheights调整桌子/设备到舒适的高度。Haveappropriatelighting有合适的亮度Adjustracksandconveyancesystemstominimizebending,lifting,andreaching调整料架和运输系统到最小化的弯曲，举起，和取物。Practicesafeliftingtechniques练习安全提升技术。Gethelpliftingheavyobjects举起重物寻求帮助。Keeptheweightclosetoyourbody保持重量尽量靠近你的身体Liftwithyourlegs(squattingdown)ratherthanbendingwithyourback用你的腿抬物（蹲下来）胜于弯曲你的腰。Turnwithyourfeet,notyourback用你的腿转动，而不是腰Ifyouneedtoleanover,supportyourbodyweightbyleaningonsomething如果你要弯下身，依靠某样物体支撑你的身体重量。,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Takecarewhenworkingwithchemicals当和化学品接触时要小心Knowthehazardsassociatedwiththechemicalsyouworkwith知道你接触的关联的化学品的风险。Knowwhatprotectiveequipmentisrequired(e.g.,eyeprotection,faceshields,specialgloves,etc.)知道什么保护措施是必须的（例如，眼睛保护，面罩，特殊的手套，等等）Makesurecontainershaveappropriatelabels确保容器有适当的标签Containspillssotheydontspread,ifsafetodoso容纳溢出量，这样它们不会扩散，如果安全就这么做。Lettrainedandauthorizedpersonnelcleanupspills让受训过有资格的人员清除溢出物。Knowthefirst-aidproceduresforexposuretohazardouschemicals知道危险化学品的急救流程。Knowthelocationofeyewashesandshowersandhowtousethem知道洗眼和淋浴的位置和如何使用。,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Preventfires/explosions预防火灾和爆炸Knowthefirehazardsinyourarea知道你工作区域失火的危险。Strictlyfollowhandlingproceduresforflammable/explosivematerials严格遵循易燃/易爆材料的处理流程。Storeflammableandexplosivematerialsinappropriatecontainersandstorageunits以合适的储存量和容器储存易燃/易爆材料。Keeptheworkareacleananddontblockfiresprinklers保持工作区域的干净和不要阻碍灭火装置。Knowhowtosafelyuseafireextinguisher知道怎样安全地使用灭火器。Fightafireonlyifitssmallandyouhaveasafeexitroute仅仅当小火灾时参与灭火，你有一个安全逃生路线。PASS=Pullthelockingpin,Aimatthebaseofthefire,Squeezethetrigger,Sweepfromsidetoside方法=拉开锁销，对准火源，压下扳机，从一边喷扫到另一边。Pullthefirealarmwhenthereisafire当有火灾时拉响火灾报警。,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Knowhowtoevacuatesafely知道怎样安全地疏散Knowwherefirealarmsarelocatedandpullthemifthereisafireorotherurgentneedtoevacuatethebuilding知道火灾警报器的所在位置，并在如果有火灾和其他紧急情况需要疏散出建筑物时拉响警报。Alwayslookforthenearestexitandhowtogetthere始终寻找最近的出口，并想办法到达那里。Knowwheretogatherafterevacuating知道疏散后的集中点。Knowhowtoprotectyourselffromdisease知道如何预防疾病。Washyourhandsbeforehandlingfood,afterusingtherestroom,etc.拿食物前，上洗手间后洗手，等等Assumeeveryonecarriesbloodborndiseasesandprotectyourselfaccordingly假定每个人携带天生的血液疾病，因而必须保护你自己。Onlytrainedpersonnelcleanupbloodorbodyfluids(ortheperson)仅由受训的人员清洁血迹或体液Onlytrainedpersonnelhandlebio-hazardousmaterialslikeneedles,bloodyrags,etc.仅由受训人员处理医用危险材料象针，带血的布。,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Knowtheeffectsofdrugsandalcohol知道毒品和酒精的危害Knowthedrugsyouaretakingandhowitmayaffectyourwork-letyoursupervisorknowifyouhaveconcerns知道你获得的毒品和它可能如何影响你的工作，如果你有担心的话让你的主管知道。Neverreporttoworkundertheinfluenceofdrugsoralcohol决不在毒品和酒精的影响下报告工作。Knowyourworkenvironmentandprotectyourselfaccordingly知道你的工作环境并因而保护你自己。Neverenteraconfinedspace(smallareawithlimitedaccesslikeamanhole)withoutpropertraining,authorization,andsomeonetherewithyou从未在没有适当培训、授权的情况下进入一个被限制的空间（限制进入的小区域）Wearappropriateclothingtofittheenvironment穿合适的衣服适应环境。Ifworkinginextremeheatorcold,knowthesymptomsofheatexhaustionandhypothermiaandwhattodo如果工作在一个极度热或冷的环境，知道轻度中暑和体温过低的征兆和怎样去避免。,ProtectingOurselvesandOtherscontinued,Knowthenaturaldisastersthatmayaffectyouinyourareaandhowtorespond知道可能会影响你所在区域的自然灾难和如何反应。Howwillyouknowwhetherornottocomeintowork?你将怎样知道是否或不能进行工作?Howwillyou