综合英语 四 Unit 5 The Tapestry of Friendship汇总

.,TheTapestryofFriendship,EllenGoodman,.,Warming-up,Doyoukeepintouchwithyourchildhoodfriends?How?Whatdoyouneedfriendsfor?,.,Whatsfriendship?,Alwaystreatingpeoplethewayyouwouldwantthemtotreatyou.,Alwayssmileandsayhellowhengreetingotherpeople.,Doingsomethinggoodforsomeonewhennooneislooking.,Alwaysliftupyourfriendsspiritswithpositivewordsandactions.,Alwaysbeingcourteous,pleasant,andnevermisbehave.,Alwaysrespectothersdifferences:gender,abilities,culture,race,andethnicity,Alwaysspeakandactgenuinely.,Youshouldassistotherswhentheyareinneed.,Donotbeafollower.Donotsacrificecharacter.,Alwaysshowconsiderationforothers.,Then,youwillhaveF.R.I.E.N.D.S.H.I.P.,F:FriendlyR:RespectI:IntegrityE:EncouragingN:NiceD:DiversityS:SincerityH:HelpfulI:IndividualP:Politeness,.,Whatcanfriendshipsgive?,ForfunTosharefeelingsTofindunderstandingandsupportTofeelneededandusefulTobeyourself,.,WhatMakesAGoodFriendship?,SharedInterestsSharedValuesTrustHonestyRespectCooperation,ReliabilitySupportUnderstandingSensitivityForgivenessTolerance,.,Lifeislikeanecho.Whatyougiveiswhatyouwillget.Whatyousendiswhatyouwillreceive.-Myfriendsaremyestate.EmilyDickinson,.,Culturalinformation4,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,ChineseSayingsaboutFriendship:近朱者赤，近墨者黑。Keepgoodmencompanyandyoushallbeofthenumber.亲兄弟，明算账。Evenreckoningmakeslongfriends.物以类聚，人以群分。Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.君子之交淡如水。Ahedgebetweenkeepsfriendshipgreen.海内存知己，天涯若比邻。Abosomfriendafarbringsadistantlandnear.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎！Isntitgreatwhenfriendsvisitfromdistantplaces?,.,Howtomakefriends?,Gowherepeoplearemostfriendsyoumakewhohavethesameinterestsyoudo.Beafriendtoyourself-dontputyourselfdown.Becheerful-smile,dontalwayswaitfortheotherpersontospeakfirst.,.,Beyourself-nooneisperfect.Yourfriendswontexpectyoutobe,soitisbesttojustbeyourself.Dontexpectperfectioninyourfriends-likeyou,yourfriendswillmakemistakesnowandthen.Laughwiththemaboutit,butdontputthemdown.Friendshipistogiveandtake-friendshipissharingthingslikefeelings,plans,anddreams.Tomakeandkeepafriend,youhavetogiveaswellastake.Learntocompromise.,.,Thekindsoffriendships,SameGenderMale-femaleGroups(Ethnic;Existential),.,Culturalinformation5,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,WomensFriendshipFemalefriendshipsareoftenseenashavingelementsofintimacyandsupport.Womentypicallydescribetheirfriendshipsintermsofclosenessandemotionalattachment.Whatcharacterizesfriendshipsbetweenwomenisthewillingnesstoshareimportantfeelings,thoughts,experiences,andsupport.Womendevoteagooddealoftimeandintensityofinvolvementtofriends.Friendshipsbetweenwomen,moresothanbetweenmen,arebroadandlesslikelytobedivided.,GenderPatternsinFriendship,.,Culturalinformation6,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,MensFriendshipsUnlikewomen,menaretypicallysocializedbysocietytobelesssocialandhavemoredifficultywithfriendships;theyareoftenraisedtocompetewithothermenandnotcooperatewiththem,tohidetheirvulnerabilitiesandnotsharetheirinnerexperiences.However,likewomen,mencanbenefitfromthesocialbondsoffriendship.Thegreatfriendshipsrecordedinhistoryhavebeenbetweenmen,andfriendshipsamongmenhaveoftenbeenromanticizedandidealized.Mensfriendshipshavetypicallybeendescribedintermsofbraveryandphysicalsacrificeinprovidingassistancetoothers.Despitethishistoricalromanticizationofthe,.,Culturalinformation7,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,malefriendship,researchershavefoundthatmenhavesignificantlyfewerfriendsthanwomen,especiallyclosefriendshipsorbestfriends.,.,Culturalinformation8,Audiovisualsupplement,Culturalinformation,FriendshipbetweenMenandWomenThereismuchdebateaboutthepossibilitiesofmaleandfemalefriendships.Muchofthisdebatehashadtodowiththeideathatsexualattractionwillpreventmenandwomenfromformingastrongplatonicbond.Therecanbemanychallengestofemale-malefriendships.Forinstance,inasocietywheremenhavetypicallyhadmorepoweranddominance,equalitycanbeanissue.Bothgendersmaybenefitfromtheseinteractions:Menmaylearnmoreaboutsharingandestablishingemotionalsupport,whilewomenmightenjoyinteractionsthatarelessemotionallychallenging.,.,FriendshipbetweenWomen,Awomandidntcomehomeonenight.Thenextdayshetoldherhusbandthatshehadsleptoveratagirlfriendshouse.Thenmancalledhiswifes10bestfriends.Noneofthemknewanythingaboutit.,.,FriendshipbetweenMen,Amandidntcomehomeonenight.Thenextdayhetoldhiswifethathesleptoveratabuddyshouse.Thewomancalledherhusbands10bestfriends.Eightofthemconfirmedthathehadsleptover,andtwoclaimedhewasstillthere!,.,荀巨伯远看友人疾，值胡贼攻郡。友人语巨伯曰：“吾将死矣，子可去。”巨伯曰：“远来相视，子令吾去，败义以求生，岂荀巨伯所行邪？”贼既至，谓巨伯曰：“大军至，一郡尽空，汝何男子，而敢独止？”巨伯曰：“友人有疾，不忍委之，宁以我身代友人命。”敌相谓曰：“我辈无义之人，而入有义之国！”遂班师而还。一郡并获全。,.,.BackgroundInformation,1.AbouttheAuthor,.,Abouttheauthor,EllenGoodmanSheisanAmericanoriginal.Herabundanttalents-intellect,wit,style,newsjudgment-setherapartwithanlanuniquelyherown.HerPulitzerPrizewinningcommentaryappearsinmorethan375newspapers.,.,EllenGoodman,isaBostonGlobeOnlinecolumnistandastylishwriterwithahumanizingtouchonanyissue,publicorpersonal.Sheiswidelyacclaimedasavoiceofsanity,andreadersdependonhertohelpthemmakesenseoftheirchanginglivesandrelationships.,.,Bibliography:,TurningPoints(1979)ClosetoHome(1979)AtLarge(1981)KeepinginTouch(1985)MakingSense(1989)ValueJudgments(1993)PaperTrail(2004)Co-author,withPatriciaOBrien:IKnowJustWhatYouMean:ThePowerofFriendshipinWomensLives(2000),.,2.Aboutthetext,ThistextistakenfromClosetoHome,whichwaspublishedbyTheBostonGlobeCompany/WashingtonPostWritersGroupin1979.Thistextdistinguishestwokindsoffriendship:thatbetweenmenandthatbetweenwomen.Itcanbedividedintofourparts.,.,.StructuralAnalysis,Thetextcanbedividedintofourparts.,.,Para3-6,Theauthorrevealswhatkindoffilmthewomanhasseen.,Theauthoradvancesthedoublestandardoffriendshiponthebasisofthepersonallyobservedshiftoffocusofcinemalens.,Thedistinctionsofthetwotypesoffriendshiparedetailed.,Itsummarizesthefundamentaldifferencebetweenthemalecompanionshipandthefemalefriendship.,Para1-2,Para7-18,Para19,TheTapestryofFriendship,.,Toshowthedifferencesbetweenbuddinessandfriendshipeffectively,theauthorofthetextcoordinatessentencesinvariousways.Sometimesheusesconjunctionssuchasbut,yetandwhile.Andsometimeshesimplyputstwoclausestogetherwithoutusinganyconjunctionatall.Forexamples:,Generalanalysis,Structuralfeatures,Rhetoricalfeatures,Globalreading-rhetorical1,.,Well,shethought,onthewhole,menhadbuddies,whilewomenhadfriends.Buddiesbonded,butfriendsloved.Buddiesfacedadversitytogether,butfriendsfacedeachother.Therewassomethingpalpablydifferentinthewaytheyspenttheirtime.Buddiesseemedto“do”thingstogether;friendssimply“were”together.(paragraph8)Buddieshangtoughtogether;friendshangontoeachother.(paragraph11),Generalanalysis,Structuralfeatures,Rhetoricalfeatures,Globalreading-rhetorical1,.,Tapestry,Apieceofthicktextilefabricwithpicturesordesignsformedbyweavingcolouredthreads,usedasawallhangingorsoftfurnishing.织锦tapestrycarpet用染色经线织成图案的地毯tapestrysatin织锦缎,.,Tapestry,Aheavyclothwovenwithrich,oftenvaricoloreddesignsorscenes,usuallyhungonwallsfordecorationandsometimesusedtocoverfurniture.tapestrycarpet用染色经线织成图案的地毯tapestrysatin织锦缎,.,tapestry,.,.,.,.,.LanguageWork,.LanguageWork,.,Languagestudy(paragraph1trifling,Detailedreading1-2slight,e.g.,Therewasaslightincreaseinherweightafterthewinterholidays.寒假结束后，她好像有点儿发胖。,Detailedreading,Translation:,他是德国人，个子很高，讲一口漂亮的英语，只带一丁点口音。,HewasatallGermanwhospokeperfectEnglishwithonlyaslighttraceofaccent.,_,.,2.big-budgetchasescenebudget:theamountofmoneyneededoravailableforaparticularpurpose.chase:Utheactofpursuingsomeoneorsomething.Pp.acar-chasescenethatcostsalotofmoney3.shoot-out:adecisivegunbattle.,.,*1.cosmic,adj.1)limitless;vast,heearthquakewasadisasterofcosmicscale.,2)relatingtotheuniverse,Itispresumedthattheuniversewascreatedinagiantcosmicexplosion.,.,Detailedreading1itwasinmanyways,Detailedreading,Itwas,inmanyways,aslightmovie.Nothingactuallyhappened.Therewasnobig-budgetchasescene,nobloodyshoot-out.Thestoryendedwithoutanycosmicconclusions.,Paraphrase:,Inmanyaspectsitwasasimple,ordinarymovie.Itwasquiteanordinaryscene,withoutthespectacleofcarschasingeachotherandbloodshedgunfight.Theendwasofnogreatsignificance.,.,Girlfriends,ItisabelievablerelationshipstoryofayoungJewishwomanwhoistryingtomakeitonherown,copingwithwork,romanceandfriendshipatthesametimeandhastoacceptthemarriageofherbestfriendandroommate.Itseemedalmostrevolutionaryin1978whenitwasfirstreleased.Itisasmallmoviethatmadeabigsplashwithitsfocusonwomensinteriorlives.,.,Languagestudy(paragraph1todosomethinginordertoproduceaneffectonsomeoneorsomething,topretendtohaveaparticularfeeling,wayofspeaking,etc.,effectn.,affectationn.,.,affectionwebE.g.Herwholestorywasatissueoflies.她的整个故事是一套谎言。Thetextisatissueofmockingechoes这本书充满了一连串讽刺性的模仿,.,Languagestudy(paragraph3-6),Thispartdescribesthewomansobservationoftheshiftoffocusofthecinemaandadvancestheargumentforthedistinctionbetweenthetwotypesoffriendship:thatbetweenmenandthatbetweenwomen.,.,1)Whydoestheauthorlistthemoviesthewomanhadseen?Becausethethreemoviessharethesametheme:thefriendshipbetweenwomen.,.,Detailedreading1-Quesion2,Detailedreading,Whatledthewomantothinkthatthecinemahasdrasticallyshifteditsfocus?(paragraph3),ItwasthefactthatatpresentthereweremanymoremoviesaboutFemaleFriendshipthanmoviesaboutMaleBuddiness.Incontrast,inthepast,thefriendshipbetweenmenhaddominatedthemovies,givingafalseimpressionthatonlymenwerecapableofmakingfriends.,Whatwastheshift?(paragraph4),Onthesurface,itwasashiftfromthefriendshipbetweenmentothatbetweenwomen;butinnaturetheshifthighlightedadifferenttypeoffriendship:MaleBuddinessissubtlydistinctfromFemaleFriendship.,.,Detailedreading3-4shiftonesfocus,Detailedreading,shiftonesfocus(onto/to):moveonesattentionfromonethingtoanother,e.g.,Itwasnotuntilthelastyearthatwebegantoshiftourfocusontothedriveformodernization.ThatiswhyIinsistedthatthefocusofourworkshouldberapidlyshiftedtotheeconomicdevelopment.,.,.,Detailedreading3-4flick1,Detailedreading,flick:(slang)n.Asuddenquickmovement,amovie,Symonyms:,movie,film,motionpicture,movingpicture,picture,pictureshow,show,.,5.binge,n.ashortperiodwhenyoudotoomuchofsomething,especiallydrinkingalcoholaweek-longbingeofshoppingandtheatre-goingWhenshewasdepressed,shewentonanice-creambinge.DuringChristmas,Canadiansspentawhopping$40.3billionastheywentonaspendingbinge.,.,n.agenreoffilm,television,andradioprogrammersemphasizingrealismandnaturalismItisastyleofdocumentaryfilmmaking,combiningnaturalistictechniqueswithstylizedcinematicdevicesofeditingandcamerawork,6.Vrit,.,Detailedreading2thiswasntjustanother,Detailedreading,Thiswasntjustanotherbingeoftrendiness,butakindofcinemaverit.,Paraphrase:,Thiswasnotsimplyashiftfromonefashiontoanother,butarealisticmovieoffriendship.,.,Detailedreading3-4flick2,Detailedreading,Americansaresuckersforactionflicksthatarefamousforsenselessexplosions,carchases,barbrawlsandshoot-outs.Whatkindofmoviesarethey?PleasetranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.,言情片,romance/lovestory,动作片,actionfilm,恐怖片,horrorfilm,惊悚片,thriller,动画片,cartoon/animation,悬疑片,mystery,贺岁片,NewYeargreetingspictures/NewYearblockbuster,.,ForonceJustforonetime,.,Languagestudy(paragraph3-6-4),8.acrossmillionsofmilesofcelluloidinlargenumbersofmoviescelluloid:1)akindofplasticthatcinemafilmusedtobemadeof.赛璐珞，明胶一种由硝酸纤维和樟脑制成的无色、易燃材料，用以制作照相胶卷2.motion-picturefilm:Therearenoheroesbutincelluloid,.,Innumerousmovies,theidealfriendshiphadalwaysbeenbetweenmen.,5.Acrossmillionsofmilesofcelluloid,theidealoffriendshiphadalwaysbeenmale.,.,Metonymy:借代，转喻,Afigureofspeechinwhichonewordorphraseissubstitutedforanotherwithwhichitiscloselyassociated,fromcradletograveThepenismightierthanthesword.,celluloidfilm,.,.,.,.,.,sidekick:n.Slang（名词）【俚语】Aclosecompanionorcomrade.密友：关系密切的朋友或同志HeisSamssidekick,tomyknowledge.,.,ButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid虎豹小霸王/神枪手与智多星,轻喜剧风格的西部片。两位主人公都是反英雄类的典型，是令人愉快的个人主义者。特别是保罗纽曼，自命不凡，永远乐观，从没杀过人，整天幻想着全世界的银行都已时机成熟待他轻取，实实的一个空想家。他与搭档神枪手罗伯特雷福德爱着同一个女人，他们最擅长的就是在打抢或逃亡时还一路诙谐打趣，这与传统西部片里的歹徒绝对两样。影片温情而饶有趣味，因纽曼和雷福德的表演而大放光芒。两位男星英俊迷人无疑是主要吸引力，但他们确实也得益于编剧威廉高曼的机智诙谐和导演的超一流水准。该片最终获得奥斯卡最佳剧本、最佳摄影、最佳音响、最佳音乐项大奖。人们把它推为首席非主流西部片,.,Therehadbeensomethingalmostatavisticaboutthesevisionsofattachmentsasifproducersculledtheirplotsfromsomepopanthropologybookonmalebonding.,.,Languagestudy(paragraph3-6-5),10.atavistic:adj.Relatingtoorcharacterizedbyreversiontosomethingancientorancestral.返祖性的,.,11.attachment:Ifyouhaveanattachmenttosomeoneorsomething,youarefondofthemorloyaltothem.，如爱戴或忠诚；爱慕E.g.Asateenagersheformedastrongattachmenttooneofherteachers.,.,12.cull,v.toselectfromalargequantity;obtainfromavarietyofsourcesHereareafewpicturesIveculledfromtheweekspapers.,.,13.anthropology:UThescientificstudyoftheorigin,thebehavior,andthephysical,social,andculturaldevelopmentofhumanbeings.14.bonding:theformationofacloserelationshipespeciallythroughfrequentorconstantassociation.亲密关系的形成形成亲近的特别的人际关系，如配偶之间或朋友之间：,.,Thesestoriesonmensfriendshipwerealmostlikebeinginheritedfromourgrandfathers.Itseemedthattheproducersofthesemovieshadselectedtheirstoriesfromsomepopularanthropologybooksonfriendshipbetweenmen.,6.Therehadbeensomethingalmostatavisticaboutthesevisionsofattachmentsasifproducersculledtheirplotsfromsomepopanthropologybookonmalebonding.,.,portrayal,portrait,.,ConsolidationActivities-wordde5,Vocabulary,Translation,Integratedskills,Oralactivities,Writing,Grammar,5)portrayv.portraitn.,Perhapsitwasforthisreasonthatcartoonistsdidnotworkouthowtheywouldportrayhim.,也许正是这个原因，漫画家们才没有想好该怎样来刻画他。,OverthedeskwasaportraitofthePresident,probablypaintedinhisthirties.,书桌上方挂着一幅总统的肖像，很可能是在他三十来岁时画的。,e.g.,.,Hemingway,.,ErnestHemingway,ErnestHemingwayisoneofthemostfamousAmericanwritersofthe20thcentury.Hewrotenovelsandshortstoriesaboutoutdoorsmen,expatriates,soldiersandothermenofaction,andhisplainspokenno-frillswritingstylebecamesofamousthatitwas(andstillis)frequentlyparodied.,.,Hisdashingmachismowasalmostasfamousashiswriting:helivedinParis,CubaandKeyWest,fanciedbullfightingandbiggamehunting,andservedasawarcorrespondentinWWIIandtheSpanishCivilWar.Hemingwaysealedhisownnotorietywhenhekilledhimselfwithashotgunin1961.HisbooksincludeTheSunAlsoRises(1926),AFarewelltoArms(1929)andForWhomtheBellTolls(1940).HisshortnovelTheOldManandtheSea(1952)wonthePulitzerPrizein1953,andHemingwaywasgiventheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.,.,*9.inherit,v.1)receive(money,ahouseetc.)fromsomeoneaftertheyhavediedWhenItookonthejobofmanager,Iinheritedcertainfinancialproblems.Sheinheritedthelandfromhergrandfather.2)bebornwith(aphysicalormentalqualitythataparent,grandparentorotherrelativehas)Rosieinheritedherredhairfromhermother.,.,Practice,1)她从她父亲那里继承了一大笔财富。Sheinheritedafortunefromherfather.2)这种耐心是母亲遗传给他的。Hehasinheritedhismotherspatience.,.,*10.primal,adj.connectedwiththeearliestoriginsoflife;verybasictheprimaltruthsofhumanexistence,.,Moviesgaveusanimpressionthatonlymen,thedescendentsofhuntersandHemingway,hadtheinstinctiveabilityofmakingfriends.,7.Moviesportrayedtheideathatonlymen,thosedirectdescendantsofhuntersandHemingways,inheritedaprimalcapacityforfriendship.,.,Metonymy:,My15studentsreadEmerson.以人名借代作品。,用Hemingway（作者的名字）代替具有他作品主人公性格的人物，使用的也是借代的修辞手法。,.,Detailedreading5pickon,Detailedreading,e.g.,Hisolderbrotheralwayspickedonhim.Theolderchildrenlikedtopickontheyoungerones.,pickon:(1)(Informal)criticizeorblame;tease;harass,e.g.,Theprofessoralwayspicksonmetotranslatelongpassages.Healwayspicksonsmallpointstocriticize.,(2)singleout;choose,.,picky,.,.,桃花潭水深千尺，不及汪伦送我,落地为兄弟，何必骨肉亲.君子之交淡如水。兄弟如手足,.,Thetwosidesmusthavebeenmortallywoundedinthegunfireinthemovie.,8.Thatdualitymusthavebeenmortallywoundedinsomeshoot-outattheYoureOK,ImOKCorral.,.,PartIII,.,Languagestudy(paragraph7-18-2),Q:Whatsthefundamentaldifferencebetweenbuddiesandfriends?Buddiesaremenscompanions;theyareconnectedbycommonactivities.Friends,inthenarrowsenseinthetext,arewomenscompanions;theyareassociatedbyemotionalattachment.Withoutsharedactivities,therewouldbenobuddiesformen;withoutlovetherewouldbenotruefriendsforwomen.,.,Languagestudy(paragraph7-18-1),ThispartdiscussesindetailthedistinctionsbetweentheMaleBuddinessandtheFemaleFriendship.Generallyspeaking,theformerisaction-orientedwhilethelatterisemotion-oriented,thatis,theMaleRuddinessisbasedontheneedforco-operationintheactivitiesthatmenareengagedinorintheadversesituationstheyareconfrontedwith.Incontrast,theFemaleFriendshipbordersonlove,theneedformutualemotionalsupport.,.,Languagework:,1.borderon:tobeveryclosetoreachinganextremefeelingorquality近乎,Thetwovillagesborderoneachother.Theproposalbordersontheabsurd.,.,*11.attachment,n.theconditionofbeingattachedtosomethingorsomeone,inparticular,affection,fondness,orsympathyforsomeoneorsomethingHehasasentimentalattachmenttohisbirthplace.Sheformedastrongattachmentforhim.attachedadj.,.,我们十分喜爱这座房子，真舍不得搬家。Wevegrownsoattachedtothishousethatwewouldhatetomove.,Practice,.,*12.adversity,n.difficulties;misfortunesAgenuinefriendwillnotdesertyouintimeofadversity.【谚】烈火炼真金，逆境炼壮士Thefireisthetestofgold;adversityofstrongmen.,.,4.palpably:noticeablyAdj.palpable:cleartothemindorplaintosee.E.g.apalpablemistakepalpableresults具体可见的成果5.accessory:Cathingwhichcanbeaddedtosomethingelseinordertomakeitmoreusefulorattractive.,.,loathsome,causinghatedordisgustE.g.aloathsomesmellloath:unwillingorreluctant;E.g.Iamloathtogoinsuchahurry.我不愿这么急急忙忙就走。,.,那两个女孩子坐在角落里说着悄悄话。Thetwogirlssatinacornerexchangingconfidences.那两个女孩子坐在角落里说她们认识的那个男生的悄悄话。Thetwogirlssatinacornerexchangingconfidencesabouttheyoungmentheyknew.,.,hangon:toclingtightlytosomething.他决定不放弃这个工作，除非解雇他。Hedecidedthathewouldhangontothejobuntiltheyfiredhim,.,Buddiesholdontogetherinfaceofadversity;friendsclingtightlytoeachotherforemotionalsupport.,9.Buddieshangtoughtogether;friendshangontoeachother.,.,*13.confess,v.toadmitoracknowledgesomethingreluctantly,typicallybecauseonefeelsslightlyashamedorembarrassedconfess+n.confess+doingconfessthat-clauseconfessonesguiltIconfesshatingtheking.Heconfessedthathehadstolenthatmoney.,.