初中英语人教版八年级下册unit 10 grammar focus.ppt

Unit10,GrammarFocus,Readthefollowingsentences.,Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?Ivehaditforthreeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset?Hesowneditsincehisfamousbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaventplayedforawhilenow.,现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since+点时间”或“for+段时间”连用。for表示“经过(一段时间)”，而since表示“自从(以来)”。常见结构如下：,Summary,现在完成时-since和for的用法,Hehaslivedherefor16years.他住在这里有十六年了。Hehaslivedheresince16yearsago.他从十六年前起就住在这里了。,Hehaslivedheresince1991.他从1991年起就住在这里了。Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.他从出生起就住在这里。,在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用howlong,Howlonghaveyouplayedbasketball?Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells?-HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?-Sincetwoyearsago.,介词for短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since作为介词，接一个时间名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词)。since表示“自以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与for或since引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语)谓语动词必须是延续性的。,英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非延续性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如come,leave,go,lose,see,begin,start,arrive,become,die,buy,borrow,close,join,reach,fall,getup等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语for或since短语连用。如：正:Hehascomeback.他已回来。误:Hehascomebackforthreedays.,若要表示“他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为：Hehasbeenbackforthreedays.(改变谓语动词)Hehasbeenbacksincethreedaysago.(改变谓语动词)Hecamebackthreedaysago.(改变时间状语及动词时态)Itsthreedayssincehecameback.(改变句型),come,go,begin,start,become,join,end,die,buy,arrive,reach,borrow,lend,gettoknow等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：,KittyhasleftBeijingfortwodays.KittyleftBeijingtwodaysago.KittyhasbeenawayfromBeijingfortwodays.Kittyhasboughtherpursesincelastyear.Kittyboughtherpurseayearago.Kittyhashadherpurseforayear.,在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。初中英语中常见的有：,短暂性动词,延续性动词,go,leave,movearrive,come,reachjoin,becomebuy,get(得到),beaway(off),beoutofbehere,bein+某地bein,bea(an)+n.have,fallill(asleep)finish,endbegin,startbegintolearn(work,read,rain)gooutgetupborrowgettoknowdielose,beill(asleep)beoverbeonlearn,work,read,rainbeoutbeupkeepknowbedeadbelost,短暂性动词,延续性动词,非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for或since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：Ihaventseenhimforalongtime.我很久没见到他了。Hehasntcomehereforsometime.他有段时间没来了。Ihaventheardfromhersincesheleft.自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。,4a,Rewritethesentencesusingfororsince.,1.JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009.,JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.,Theyhavenoteatenfortenhours.,Ihavehadacamerasince2009.,4.IknowAnn.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.,IhaveknownAnnaforthreeyears.,LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.,4b,Fillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.,1.I_(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto_(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They_(neverown)anypets,butthey_(alwayswant)tohaveadog.,haveneverbeen,go,haveneverowned,havealwayswanted,3.We_(have)apianosincelastNovember.We_(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.4.CathyandAmy_(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They_(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.,havehad,havenotbeen/haventbeen,bought,miss,5.Thismuseum_(be)hereforover20years.It_(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.,hasbeen,is,4c,Fillinthequestionsandasktwostudents.Thencompletethechart.,Doyouhavea(n)_?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)_?Howlonghaveyouownedit?,He_hishometownfortwentyyears.Hereallymissesit!A.hasbeenawayfromB.leftC.hasleftD.isawayfrom,典型例题,【解析】A考查动词的时态。从“for+一段时间”时间状语可知用现在完成时，因此，只能选择A或C选项；而leave是瞬间性动词，不能持续一段时间，所以要将leave变成beawayfrom，故选A答案。,()I_Mr.SmithsincehemovedtoShanghai.A.didnthearfromB.donthearfromC.wonthearfromD.haventheardfrom,D,()NotonlyJambutalsohisparents_afewinterestingplacessincetheycametoChina.A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.havevisitedD.visited,C,()Excuseme,whereisMr.Brownsoffice?Sorry,Idontknow.I_hereforonlyafewdays.A.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.willwork,C,()Mygrandmother_alotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.AseesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseen,D,()I_manynewfriendssinceIcamehere.A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.havemade,D,()Myauntisawriter.She_morethantenbookssince1980.A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwrite,C,()Mymother_agoodexampleformesinceIwasyoung.（2016陕西）A.wasB.hasbeenC.willbeD.is,B,()UncleLiang_inHaikousince1980,soheknowsalotaboutthecity.（2016海南）A.islivingB.haslivedC.lived,B,中考链接,()WilliamShakespeare_for400years,buthisworksstillhavegreatinfluencetoday.（2016山东青岛）A.diedB.wasdyingC.hasdiedD.hasbeendead,D,()-Whatanicewatch!Howlong_you_it?-Forjusttwoweeks.（2016天津）A.will,buyB.have,hadC.were,havingD.did,buy,B,()PremierZhouEnlai_formanyyears,hestilllivesintheheartsofChinesepeople.（2015安顺）A.diedB.wasdiedC.hasbeendiedD.hasbeendead,D,()I_scaredofdogseversinceadoghurtmewhenIwasfiveyearsold.（2015杭州）A.willbeB.wasC.havebeenD.wouldbe,C,()【2014湖北咸宁】DoyouknowDiaoyuIsland?Sure.It_Chinasinceancienttimes.A.belongstoB.belongedtoC.hasbelongedtoD.isbelongingto,C,()【2014北京】He_inthisfactoryfor20yearsalready.A.willworkB.worksC.hasworkedD.isworking,C,()Lookatthesestamps.I_themforfiveyears.Wow,theyarewonderful.(2013湖南衡阳)A.keptB.havekeptC.havebought,B,()He_fortenyears.(2013四川雅安)A.hasbeenmarriedB.marriedC.gotmarriedD.hasmarried,A,()MysisterhaslearntEnglish_.(2013四川雅安)A.fortwelveyearsagoB.sinceshewasfourC.twelveyearsagoD.attheageoffour,B,()She_thebook_twodaysago.(2013黑龙江绥化)A.hasborrowed;sinceB.haskept;sinceC.kept;for,B,Practice,用括号内词的正确形式填空。,Theoldman_(live)heresince1992._you_(visit)ourfactoryyet?I_(notsee)youforalongtime.You_(change)alot.ImafraidI_(keep)youwaitingforalongtime.He_(know)thecitysincehewasveryyoung.,haslived,Have,visited,haventseen,havechanged,havekept,hasknown,选用for和since填空:1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.,for,since,for,4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttime