E英语教程2 unit4

.,.,Listeningandspeaking,Reading,Grammar,Writing,Cultureexpress,Content,.,Pronunciationandlisteningskills,Conversations,Passage,Listeningandspeaking,.,Focusingontimeinformation,Thepronunciationsofthewordsinbracketsaredifficulttodistinguish.Listencarefullyandcheck()thewordsyouhear.,1A5:00B5:03C5:45,2A9:00B9:30C9:20,3A10:00B8:00C9:00,4A7:50B7:15C8:15,5A5:15B5:30C5:45,6A10:00B10:30C9:30,.,Focusingontimeinformation,Scripts,.,Focusingontimeinformation,Scripts,.,Tips,英语时间通常用以下两种方法表达：1.直接表达法1)用基数词+oclock来表示整点，注意oclock须用单数，可以省略。如：eight(oclock)(8:00)。2)用基数词按“钟点+分钟”的顺序直接写出时间，表示非整点。如：eightfive(8:05)，eightforty(8:40)。2.间接表达法1)如果分钟数少于30，可用“分钟+past+钟点”表示，其中past是介词，意思是“过”。如：twentypastfour(4:20)。,Focusingontimeinformation,.,Tips,2)如果所表示时间的分钟数多于30，可用“（60分钟-分钟数）+to+（原钟点数+1）”表示，其中to是介词，意思是“差”。如：twenty-fivetonine(8:35)。注：1)当分钟数是15时，可用名词quarter（一刻钟）表示。如：aquarterpasteight(8:15)。2)当分钟数是30时，可用名词half（一半）表示。如：halfpastnine(9:30)。,Focusingontimeinformation,.,Conversations,Conversation1,Conversation2,Functionallanguage,Exercises,Exercises,Functionallanguage,.,1.ListentoaconversationandmatchthestudentsinColumnAwithwheretheycomefrominColumnB.,Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,1.ListentoaconversationandmatchthestudentsinColumnAwithwheretheycomefrominColumnB.,Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,2Accordingtotheconversation,whatshouldTommydo?,ATakeanewbageverytimehebuyssomething.BDegradetheplasticbags.CBringhisownbageverytimehegoesshopping.,1WhatisTommysattitudetoenvironmentalprotection?,AIndifferent.BWorried.CNotmentioned.,.,2.Listenagainandcompletethefollowingconversationwithwhatyouhear.,3Im_bringmyownbageverytimeIgoshopping?,1Oh,butI_takereusablebagseverytime.,2Itissuchawasteand_fortheenvironment!,hateto,bad,supposedto,Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,Scripts,Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,3.Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.,(Sample),(Sample),Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,3.Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.,Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,Roleplay-Sampleconversation,Situation1,Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,Roleplay-Sampleconversation,Situation2,Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,FunctionalLanguage,Conversation1-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,1.Listentoaconversationanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).,Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,MaryandJohnagreewitheachotherthatcharityworkismeaningful.,1.Listentoaconversationanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).,T,F,Johnhastotakepartintherehearsaleveryotherevening.,Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,TheshowmentionedbyMaryisacontestorganizedbytheStudentsUnion.,F,Thepurposeofthecharityshowistomakechildrenhavefun.,F,.,2.Listenagainandcompletethefollowingconversationwithwhatyouhear.,Hi,John,therellbeacharityshownextweekend.Areyou_coming?,ItsaconcertorganizedbytheStudentsUnion.Its_istoraisefundsforthechildreninremoteareas.,interestedin,purpose,Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,Yes,Ithinkwereallsupposedtohelpthose_.So,wouldyouliketojoinus?,inneed,Idontthinkyouhaveto.Youcanpractice_;butIthinkyoumusttakepartinthefinalrehearsal.,onyourown,.,Scripts,Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,3.Role-playaconversationingroupsofthreeaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.,(Sample),(Sample),Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,3.Role-playaconversationingroupsofthreeaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.,Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,Roleplay-Sampleconversation,Situation1,Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,Roleplay-Sampleconversation,Situation2,Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,FunctionalLanguage,Conversation2-TalkingAboutResponsibilities,.,1.Listentoapassageandcompletethefollowingtablewithwhatyouhear.,Passage,callingonBeijgersnottousecars,startingthefirstCarFreeDayinFrance,startingthefirstCarFreeDayinChengdu,.,Passage,1ThefirstCarFreeDayintheworldwasstartedin_.,AeverydayBonedayaweekConedayamonth,2.Listenagainandchoosethebestwaytocompleteeachofthefollowing,2InBeijing,driversareaskedtogotoworkonfootorbybike_.,AAmericaBFranceCBeijing,B,C,3Thebesttitleforthispassagecanbe_.,ATheOriginofCarFreeDayBWaystoProtecttheEnvironmentCWorldCarFreeDay,C,.,Scripts,Passage,WorldCarFreeDaywasfirststartedbyover30citiesinFranceonSeptember22,1998.Itwasstartedtoprotecttheenvironment.Bynow,morethan1,000citiesaroundtheworldhavehadaCarFreeDay.ThefirstCarFreeDayinChinawasinChengduin2001.OthercitiesincludingTaipei,Shanghai,andWuhan,alsosupporttheday.InBeijing,moreandmorepeoplearejoiningthecampaign.Itasksdriverstoleavetheircarsathomeforonedayeverymonth,andtowalkorrideabiketowork.ItalsocallsonBeijingersnottousecarsonJune5th(theWorldEnvironmentDay).Thesloganforthedayis,“Ifwedriveforonelessday,wecanhaveonemoreniceday.”Sofar,morethan200,000drivershaveshowntheirsupport.Theysay,“Wecantcontroltheweather,butwecanchoosenottodrive.WemustdomoreforCarFreeDay.”,.,Passage,3.Talkaboutthewaysyourepracticingtoprotecttheenvironment.Thefollowingmaybehelpful.,(Sample),.,PassageA,PassageB,IstherelifeonEarth?,ViennaVegetableOrchestra,Reading,.,IstherelifeonEarth?,Lead-in,Textstudy,Exercises,PassageA,.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,Lead-in,Extendedreading,Pre-readingactivity,Videoappreciation,.,Lead-in,-Videoappreciation,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,火星上有生命吗？有人吗？据国外媒体报道，美国宇航局的火星轨道探测器以及火星车正在寻找有关火星生命的痕迹，目前科学家已经发现在数十亿年前，火星曾拥有潮湿的环境，很有可能存在生命，我们要做的就是找出它们留下的证据。地球上的生命具有非常顽强的生存能力，过去数十年，研究人员已经在诸多恶劣的环境中发现不可思议的微生物，比如冰川内部、深海热液喷口、地下深处等，这些被认为几乎不可能有生命存在的地方都发现了生命，甚至是核反应堆中也有可适应极端环境的生命存在，这些情况都暗示火星可能还存在生命。地球生命与火星生命之间是否存在关联呢？科学家已经发现许多证据显示火星曾经拥有温暖的世界，有河流、湖泊,Lead-in,-Extendedreading,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,和海洋，火星可能存在地下水，有研究指出，火星生命与地球生命属于太阳系中两个完全不同的生命分支，如果我们发现火星生命，那么在外形等特征上可能与地球生命完全无关，这也暗示了生命可以出现在任何一个适宜的星球上，宇宙中几乎任何一个具备条件的行星都可能演化出生命。另一种理论认为火星生命与地球生命是同源的，两颗行星的生命拥有同一祖先，显然该理论暗示了地球生命可能来源于数十亿年前的火星，即便火星没有演化出高级文明，那么低等生物也可能通过陨石来到地球，这些空间碎片可以在太阳系内侧的某个轨道上运行，并重新被另一颗行星引力场捕获，进入另一个星球的环境中。如果这一假说得到证实，那么地球生命可能就起源于火星，火星拥有潮湿环境的时期比地球更早。,Lead-in,-Extendedreading,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,对此，有研究认为火星生命无法在恶劣的宇宙环境中幸存下来，这一观点并没有获得足够的支持，因此我们已经发现可以忍受低温、强辐射环境的生命，顽强的微生物可以在陨石中休眠保存，在一个新的环境中复苏。也有研究提出地球生命或源于太阳系之外，当太阳系围绕银河系运行时，穿过了一些星际气体团或者碎片群，由此引入了生命种子，该假说暗示银河系生命可能更加普遍，无论是哪种情况，对火星生命的探索都将给我们带来惊喜。,Lead-in,-Extendedreading,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,Pre-readingactivity,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,1.Matchthefollowingexpressionswiththepicturesbelow.,AwhitepollutionBwastewaterCsoilpollutionDsmog,D,B,A,C,.,Pre-readingactivity,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,2.Trytoimaginewhattheworldwouldbelikein100yearsiftheproblemsabovewerenotsolved.,.,Textstudy,Organizationofthetext,Languagepoints,Textreading,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,PassageA,IstherelifeonEarth,TherewasgreatexcitementonVenusthisweek.ForthefirsttimeVenusianscientistsmanagedtolaunchasatelliteinorbitaroundtheplanetEarth,andithasbeensendingbacksignalsaswellasphotographseversince.ThesatellitewasdirectedoveranareaknownasManhattan-namedafterthegreatVenusianastronomerProfessorManhattan,whofirstdiscovereditwithhistelescope20,000lightyearsago.Becauseofexcellentweatherconditionsandstrongsignals,VenusianscientistswereabletogetvaluableinformationastothepossibilityoflandingamannedflyingsauceronEarth.ApressconferencewasheldattheVenusInstituteofTechnology.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,.,Wehavecometotheconclusion,basedonthesatellitefindings,ProfessorZogsaid.ThereisnolifeonEarth.Howdoyouknowthis?thesciencereporterfortheVenusEveningStarasked.5.Foronething,Earthssurfaceiscomposedofsolidconcreteandnothingcangrowthere.Foranother,theatmosphereisfilledwithcarbonmonoxideandotherdeadlygasesandnobodycouldpossiblybreathethisairandsurvive.6.Whatdoesthismeanasfarasourflyingsaucerprogramisconcerned?“7.Weshallhavetotakeourownoxygenwithus,whichmeansamuchheavierflyingsaucerthanwehaveplanned.“,_,_,PassageA,_,_,_,_,_,_,.,Arethereanyotherdifficultiesthatyouhavediscoveredinyourstudies?Takealookatthisphoto.YouseethisdarkblackcloudoverthesurfaceofEarth?Wedontknowwhatitismadeof,butitcouldgiveusalotoftrouble;andweshallhavetomakefurthertestsbeforewesendaVenusianthere.Overhereyouwillnoticewhatseemstobeariver,butthesatellitefindingsindicateitispollutedandthewaterisunfittodrink.Thismeansweshallhavetocarryourownwater,whichwilladdevengreaterweighttothesaucer.,_,_,PassageA,_,_,_,_,_,_,.,PassageA,Sir,whatareallthosetinyblackspotsonthephotographs?Werenotcertain.Theyseemtobemetalparticlesthatmovealongcertainpaths.Theygiveoffgases,makenoise,andkeepcrashingintoeachother.Therearesomanyofthesepathsandsomanymetalparticlesthattheyarequitelikelytogetsmashedwhenwelandaflyingsaucer.Whatarethosepointedobjectsstickingup?”Theyaretallbuildingsthatgiveofflightatnight.ProfessorGlomhasnamedthemskyscraperssincetheyseemtobescrapingtheskies.,_,_,_,_,_,.,PassageA,yousayistrue,wontthissetbacktheflyingsaucerprogramseveralyears?Yes,butweshallproceedassoonastheGrubstakegivesustheaddedfunds.”IfallProfessorZog,whyarewespendingbillionsandbillionsofVenusiandollarstolandaflyingsauceronEarthwhenthereisnolifethere?”BecauseifweVenusianscanlearntobreatheintheEarthsatmosphere,thenwecansurelyliveanywhereintheuniverse.,_,_,.,Organizationofthetext,PartI(Para._),PartII(Para._),1-2,3-14,ThesatellitelandedonEarthhasbeensendingbacksignalsandphotographs.,VenusianscientistshavecometotheconclusionthattheEarthisunfitforthemtolive.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,PartIII(Para._),14-18,TheVenusianscientistsaredeterminedtoproceedwiththeexplorationoftheplanetEarth.,Structure,.,ithasbeensendingbacksignalsaswellasphotographseversince.,(Line3,Para.1),之后，卫星便不断地发回信号和照片。,自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。（动作还将继续下去）,hasbeendoing是现在完成进行时，其构成为：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。（与since，for连用时，常常表示动作会进行下去）,IhavebeenlearningEnglishsincethreeyearsago.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,ThesatellitewasdirectedoveranareaknownasManhattannamedafterthegreatVenusianastronomerProfessorManhattan,whofirstdiscovereditwithhistelescope20,000lightyearsago.,卫星对准的是一片叫曼哈顿的地区,这个地区是以金星上伟大的天文学家曼哈顿教授的名字来命名的。两万光年前，曼哈顿教授用望远镜首次发现了这个地区。,directsth.at/towardsth.:,机器将X光射线对准了病人的身体。,ThemachinedirectsanX-raybeamatthepatientsbody.,把某物对准某物,(Line1,Para.2),PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,namesb./sth.aftersb./sth.:,他被冠以他爷爷的名字起了名。,Hewasnamedafterhisgrandfather.,以某人/某物的名字给某人/某物命名,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,whofirstdiscoveredit20,000lightyearsago是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的ProfessorManhattan。,ThesatellitewasdirectedoveranareaknownasManhattannamedafterthegreatVenusianastronomerProfessorManhattan,whofirstdiscovereditwithhistelescope20,000lightyearsago.,(Line1,Para.2),.,VenusianscientistswereabletogetvaluableinformationastothepossibilityoflandingamannedflyingsauceronEarth.,(Line6,Para.2),金星科学家们得以获得了有关载人飞碟能否在地球上着陆的宝贵资料。,关于哪些学生获得奖学金的决定应当尽快做出。,Decisionsastowhichstudentsreceivescholarshipshouldbemadequickly.,concerning:关于,对于这个短语是从哪来的，有两种说法。,Therearetwothoughtsastowherethissayingcamefrom.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,asto:,.,年轻人拥有一套大房子的可能性通常是极其渺茫的。,Thepossibilityofowningalargehouseforyoungpeopleisusuallyrare.,做某事情的可能性,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,thepossibilityofdoingsth.:,man:v.toworkat,use,oroperateasystem,pieceofequipment,etc.在（某系统、设备等上）工作；使用，操纵（某系统、设备等）。manned在这里是过去分词作定语，修饰flyingsaucer。,VenusianscientistswereabletogetvaluableinformationastothepossibilityoflandingamannedflyingsauceronEarth.,(Line6,Para.2),.,“Wehavecometotheconclusion,basedonthesatellitefindings,”ProfessorZogsaid.“ThereisnolifeonEarth.”,(Line1,Para.3),“根据卫星上的发现，我们已经得出结论，”佐格教授说，“地球上没有生命。”,bebasedon/uponsth:,我们的关系应当以尊重和信任为基础。,Ourrelationshipshouldbebasedonrespectandtrust.,以某物为基础。,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,Foronething,Earthssurfaceiscomposedofsolidconcreteandnothingcangrowthere.,(Line1,Para.5),首先，地球表面由坚固的混凝土构成，什么东西也无法在那里生长。,foronethingforanother:,我不想买这栋房子。一方面太小，另一方面价格太高。,Idontwanttobuythishouse.Foronething,itistoosmall;foranother,thepriceofitistoohigh.,一个原因是，另一个原因是,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,Foranother,theatmosphereisfilledwithcarbonmonoxideandotherdeadlygasesandnobodycouldpossiblybreathethisairandsurvive.,(Line2,Para.5),另外，大气中充满了一氧化碳和其他致命的气体，任何人呼吸了这种空气都不可能幸存下来。,befilledwith:,如果你嘴里满是食物的话怎么唱歌？,Howcanyousingifyourmouthisfilledwithfood?,tobefullof被充满,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,珍的眼睛里充满泪水。,Janeseyeswerefilledwithtears.,.,Wedontknowwhatitismadeof,butitcouldgiveusalotoftrouble.,(Line2,Para.9),我们还不知道它是由什么形成的，但是它会给我们带来许多麻烦。,bemadeof:,风筝是纸做的。,Thekiteismadeofpaper.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,由制成。主语为制成品，用于从制成品可直接看出原材料的情况。,易与之混用的一个词组为bemadefrom，其意思也是“由制成”，但是用在从制成品看不出原材料是什么的情况。e.g.Butterismadefrommilk（黄油是用牛奶制成的。）,.,Overhereyouwillnoticewhatseemstobeariver,butthesatellitefindingsindicateitispollutedandthewaterisunfittodrink.,(Line1,Para.10),这边，诸位可以看到像是一条河的东西，不过卫星探测的结果表明它已被污染，不适于饮用。,beunfittodosth.:不适合做某事,这场病使她身体不适合飞行。,Thediseasehaslefthermedicallyunfittofly.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,Thismeansweshallhavetocarryourownwater,whichwilladdevengreaterweighttothesaucer.,(Line4,Para.10),这意味着我们将不得不自己带水，这就会给飞碟增加更多的重量。,addsth.tosth.:toputsth.withanotherthing为某物增添某种东西,我们可以将销售税摊到这些产品的价格上。,Wecanaddsalestaxtothepriceoftheseproducts.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,even:adv.usedforemphasizingthatalthoughsth.isbig,good,bad,etc.,sth.elseisbigger,better,worse,etc.更加；愈加。用来修饰形容词比较级。,昨天天气就冷，今天更冷了。,Itwascoldyesterday,butitsevencoldertoday.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,Thismeansweshallhavetocarryourownwater,whichwilladdevengreaterweighttothesaucer.,(Line4,Para.10),.,Therearesomanyofthesepathsandsomanymetalprticlesthattheyarequitelikelytogetsmashedwhenwelandaflyingsaucer.,(Line3,Para.12),那里有很多这样的通道，很多这样的金属微粒，飞碟在那里着陆的话，很可能把那些金属微粒撞毁。,在“getsmashed”这个短语中，get作始动性连系动词，与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用，构成系表结构，表示状态的变化和动作的结果。,别被雨淋到。,Dontgetcaughtintherain.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,Whatarethosepointedobjectsstickingup?,(Line1,Para.13),那些笔直竖立的凸出物是什么？,stick(sth.)in/up/through:把（某物）伸进/伸上/伸入,当护士将针头扎向他的胳膊时，他把脸转向了一边。,Helookedawayasthenursestucktheneedleinhisarm.,常用词组：stickto坚持，不放弃stickbysb继续支持并忠于某人stickonsth把某物固定在,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,Yes,butweshallproceedassoonastheGrubstakegivesustheaddedfunds.,(Line1,Para.16),是的，但是一旦创业基金组织给我们追加资金，我们就会接着推进这一计划。,assoonas:一就；一经,我们一到酒店就给你弄点东西吃好么?,Wellgetyousomethingassoonaswegettothehotel.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,launch,(Line2,Para.1),该机构将于下月发射一颗新的气象卫星。,Theagencywilllaunchanewweathersatellitenextmonth.,vt.tosendaweaponoraspacevehicleintotheskyorintospace发射；开展（活动、计划等）,警方已对该事件展开调查。,Thepolicehavelaunchedaninvestigationintotheincident.,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,signal,(Line4,Para.1),我们等待着他们发出行动的信号。,Wewaitedforthemtogiveusthesignaltomove.,n.asound,action,oreventthatgivesinformationortellssb.todosth.信号；暗号,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,astronomer,(Line2,Para.2),祖冲之是中国古代有名的天文学家。,ZuChongzhiwasafamousastronomeroftheancientChina.,n.aphysicistwhostudiesastronomy天文学者，天文学家,派生词：astronomyn.天文学家astronomicaladj.天文学的；极大的astronautn.宇航员,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,possibility,(Line7,Para.2),Onepossibilityfortheweekendistorentacarandgotothebeach.,周末有可能租一辆汽车去海边。,n.thechancethatsth.mighthappenorbetrue可能；可能性,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,pressconference,(Line8,Para.2),Asagovernmentofficer,youhavetopickyourwordsatapressconference.,作为一名政府官员，你必须在新闻发布会上谨慎措词。,aconferenceatwhichpressandtvreportersaskquestionsofapoliticianorothercelebrity记者招待会,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,findings,(Line2,Para.3),Thefindingsshowahighlevelofheartdiseaseamongoldpeople.,这些研究结果显示出了老年人中高发的心脏疾病。,n.(pl.)informationthatsb.Haslearnedasaresultofstudies,work,etc.研究结果；发现,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,solid,(Line1,Para.5),Solidsturntoliquidsatcertaintemperatures.,固体在一定的温度下会变为液体。,天气如此寒冷，湖面冻得很结实。,Itissocoldthatthelakeisfrozensolid.,n.asubstancethatissolidatroomtemperatureandpressure固体；立体图形；立方体,adj.firmandhard固体的；实心的；结实的,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,atmosphere,(Line3,Para.5),Thesegasespollutetheatmosphereoftownsandcities.,这些气体污染了城镇的空气。,n.thelayerofairorothergasesaroundit大气,AfterJoeleft,therewasamorerelaxedatmosphereathome.,乔离开后，家里的氛围轻松多了。,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,n.thefeelingthatanevent,situation,orplacegivesyou气氛,.,breathe,(Line4,Para.5),Peopleareworryingaboutthequalityoftheairtheybreathe.,人们对于呼吸空气的质量表示担心。,v.totakeairintoyourlungsandsenditoutagain呼吸,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,Heheldhersotightlyshecouldhardlybreathe.,他紧紧地抱住她，使她几乎透不过气来。,.,survive,(Line5,Para.5),Sheprayedeverynightthatherhusbandwouldsurvivethewar.,她每天晚上祈祷丈夫能在战争中幸免于难。,v.tocontinuetoliveafteranaccident,illness,etc.幸存；活过来,Mostwomenwillsurvivetheirspouses.,大多数女性都比配偶长寿。,vt.livelongerthan比活得长,PassageAIstherelifeonearth,.,discover,(Line1,Para.8),Shediscoveredthattheydescaped.,她发现他们已经逃跑了。,vt.tofindsomeoneorsomething,eitherbyaccidentorbecauseyouwerelookingforthem发现；碰见；撞见,Inthe19th