仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage2-110-AIRPORTS

IFRFLIGHTENVIRONMENT,Airports,Visual,Non-precision,Precision,Visual&Non-PrecisionRunwayMarkings,VisualRunwayRunwaynumberCenterlineNon-precisionInstrumentRunwayIncludesallonVisualplus:ThresholdMarkingsAimingPointMarkings(1000ft),PrecisionRunwayMarkings,PrecisionInstrumentRunwaysIncludesallonVisual&Non-precisionplus:TouchdownZoneMarkings500ftintervalsforfirst3000ftorhalf,whicheverislessSideStripes,TaxiwayMarkings,ContinuousyellowcenterlinestripeHoldlineskeepaircraftclearofrunwaysSolidlineontaxiwayside:Donotcrosswithoutclearance!Dashedlineonrunwayside:“dashacrossdashedlines”ILSHoldLinetopreventinterferenceofILSsignalILScriticalareaactivewhen:CIG800visibility3.53.23degrees2.82.5,RunwayEndIdentifierLights(REIL),HighintensitywhitestrobelightsOneoneachsideofrunwaythresholdPurpose:rapididentificationofapproachendofrunwayinlowvisibilityconditions,RunwayLighting,RunwayEdgeLights(HIRL,MIRL,LIRL)1)Whiteforvisual2)Amberonlast2,000orhalfrunway(whicheverisless)forinstrumentThresholdLightsBi-directionalinsiderunwayedgelightsGreen:ApproachendRed:DepartureendDisplacedThresholdLightsGreenoneachsideofrunway,outboardfromrunwayedges,RunwayLighting,TouchdownZoneLighting(TDZL)AIM2-1-5(b):“Tworowsoftransverselightbarsdisposedsymmetricallyabouttherunwaycenterline”Steady-burningwhitelightswhichstart100ftbeyondthreshold&extendto3,000ftdowntherunwayortothemidpoint,whicheverisless,RunwayLighting,RunwayCenterlineLights(RCLS)50ftintervalsWhiteto3,000remaining,thenalternatered/whiteto1,000remaining,thenredforlast1,000LandandHoldShortLights(LAHSO)Rowof5flushmountedflashingwhitelightsattheholdshortpoint,TaxiwayLighting,TaxiwayLead-offLightsFlushmountedalternatinggreenandyellowlightsat50feetintervalsCurvedpathtointersectingtaxiwayTaxiwayCenterlineLightsGreenTaxiwayEdgeLightsBlue,PilotControlledLighting,DesignedtoconserveenergyKeythemike:7:high5:medium3:lowRemainon15minafterlastactivationDetailsfoundin:AFDIAPchartslegend,AirportBeaconandObstructionLights,Beacon/daylight/BCDEgroundvisibility3smand/orceiling1,000Obstructionlightscouldbeinstalledon:towersbuildingspowerlines,BrightredorhighintensitywhitelightsCouldflashonandoff,DESCENTBELOWDH/MDA14CFR91.175(c),nopilotmayoperateanaircraftbelowtheauthorizedMDAorcontinueanapproachbelowtheauthorizedDHunlessFlightvisibilityisnotlessthanthevisibilityprescribedinthestandardinstrumentapproachbeingusedandAircraftiscontinuouslyinapositionfromwhichadescenttoalandingontheintendedrunwaycanbemadeatanormalrateofdescentusingnormalmaneuversandRunwayenvironmentisinsight,FLIGHTVISIBILITY14CFR1.1,Flightvisibilitymeanstheaverageforwardhorizontaldistance,fromthecockpitofanaircraftinflight,atwhichprominentunlightedobjectsmaybeseenandidentifiedbydayandprominentlightedobjectsmaybeseenandidentifiedbynight.,RUNWAYENVIRONMENT,atleastoneofthefollowingvisualreferencesfortheintendedrunwayisdistinctlyvisibleandidentifiabletothepilot:Therunwayorrunwaymarkings,runwaylights.Thethreshold,thresholdmarkings,thresholdlights.Thetouchdownzone,markings,touchdownzonelights.Therunwayendidentifierlights.Thevisualapproachslopeindicator.Theapproachlightsystem,exceptthatthepilotmaynotdescend