初中宾语从句的讲解与运用PPT课件

一教学任务复习宾语从句二教学重点1.宾语从句的概念2.宾语从句的引导词3.宾语从句中的语序4.宾语从句的时态变化,教学难点1.if与whether的区别2.when与if引导的宾语从句和状语从句3.宾语从句与简单句的互换,TheObjectClause(Revision)复习,宾语从句是主从复合句的一种。主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语。,宾语从句,-,3,宾语从句即句子作宾语，而不再是一个词或短语作宾语。Ilikemyteacher.Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语）Idecidetostudyhard.（不定式作宾语）Iknowhim.（代词作宾语）IknowMrLiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语）Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语）,-,4,Weknowhim,WeknowhelikesEnglish.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,简单句,复合句,试比较,问题一:什么是宾语从句?,-,5,宾语从句,句子的宾语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式充当含义：宾语从句的三要点：1、引导词2、从句语序3、从句的时态,宾语从句在复合句中起主句宾语的作用，可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语（此宾语用句子充当）。作动词的宾语：Iheardthathewouldcomeherelateron.,一个句子作宾语,主语,谓语,Hesaidnothingaboutwhobrokethewindowlastnight.,作介词的宾语：,-,6,句子结构：主句+连接词（引导词）+宾语从句,通常的引导词有：That，what，which，when，how，if，why，who，whom，howmany，howmuch，whether,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,-,8,宾语从句三要素,连接词（引导词）,时态呼应,陈述语序,thatif/whether特殊疑问词,连接词+主语+谓语+其他,-,9,一、引导词：取决于从句的语气,1.从句是陈述语气时，引导词用that.2.从句是一般疑问语气时，引导词用if或whether.3.从句是特殊疑问语气时，引导词用特殊疑问词。,（that）+陈述句Hethinks,“Lucylikesschool.”Hethinks(that）Lucylikesschool.2.if/whether+一般疑问句Heasked,“WasLucylateagain?”HeaskedifLucywaslateagain.3.特殊疑问词+特殊疑问句Heasksme,“WhenwillLucycome?”HeasksmewhenLucywillcome.,由从属连词that引导的宾语从句,注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,e.g.Ihear(that)_.（一小时后他会回来）Hesaid(that)_.（他非常想念我们）Theteachertoldus(that)_.（地球围着太阳转）,hewillbebackinanhour,hemissedusverymuch,theearthmovesaroundthesun,由连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what及连接副词when,where,how,why引导的宾语从句,1.Heasked.(谁能回答这个问题）2.Doyouknow_.（他们在等谁）3.Heasked_.（谁的书法是班上最好的）4.Pleasetellme_.（我们什么时候开会）5.Canyoutellme_.（他在哪儿）6.Couldyoutellme_.（我该怎么去车站）9.Wouldyoutellme_（为什么火车迟到了）,whocouldanswerthequestion,whomtheyarewaitingfor,whosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass,whenwellhaveameeting,whereheis,howIcangettothestation,whythetrainislate,由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句,e.g.1.Iwanttoknow_.（他是否跟我们一起去公园）2.Askhim_.（他是否能来）3.Idontknow_.（是否要下雨）,if(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus,whether(if)hecancome,whetheritisgoingtorainornot,1、当句末为ornot时，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.2、在不定式前，引导词只能用whether而不能用if.例如：Ihaventmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot.,HelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.,二.宾语从句的语序-陈述语序,无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。,主句+引导词+主语+谓语动词+其他,-,14,e.g:CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum?Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom.Didyouknowwhatsthenameofthehandsomeboyintheclassroomyesterday？PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower.,请注意观察红色字体的语序,-,15,三、主.从句的时态呼应,1.主句是一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态。2.主句是一般过去时,从句用过去范畴的时态。3.主句是一般过去时，但从句表达的是客观真理或自然现象时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g:Hesaysthatheisreadingabooknow.Hesaidthathewouldworkhard.TheysaidtheyhadbeentoFrance.Thestudentsaskedmeiftheearthgoesroundthesun.,宾语从句的时态变化,填一填,was,is,willcook,issinging,hasbeen,wasplaying,hadlearned,1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）,2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）,1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.,1)HetoHongKong.,2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)Hehiswork.,辨一辨,wouldgo,was,wasreading,hadfinished,-,18,3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。e.gHesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth.,确定从句的时态(根据主句时态),主句时态,从句时态,连接前,连接后,一般现在时,时态由从句决定,一般过去时,一般现在时work,一般过去时worked,一般过去时worked,过去完成时hadworked,一般将来时willwork,过去将来时wouldwork,现在进行时isworking,过去进行时wasworking,现在完成时haveworked,过去完成时hadworked,-,20,标点符号：宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。e.gHeaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelphim.DoyouknowwhereLiPingis?Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest.Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare?,四、宾语从句的标点符号,-,21,五、宾语从句的否定形式（否定转移）：一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。但若主句谓语动词是think、expect、believe、guess、imagine、suppose等表示“认为，猜想”的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中。e.gIdontthinkitsgoingtorain.Idontbelieveshewilllendyouthemoney.但是，如果主句中的谓语动词是hope，则不适用于此规则。e.gIhopehewontcome.,22,六、宾语从句的简化,1.当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,know,remember,forget,learnchoose，tell等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：IhopethatIcanreceiveyoure-mail.=Ihopetoreceiveyoure-mail.我希望收到你的电子邮件。,连词+宾语从句连词+todo,Shedidntdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.=Shedidntdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyoullgivetheletterto.=Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.,23,2.动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem（适当时态形式）作谓语。如：Itseemsthatfootballisveryinteresting.=Footballseemstobeveryinteresting.足球似乎非常有趣。,24,3.宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如：IdontbelievewhatTomsaid.=IdontbelieveTomswords.我不相信汤姆说的话。,1could/would是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,你能告诉我在哪出使我们的票吗？Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?你能告诉我们我们应该往哪个们走？Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?你想知道他什么时候回来吗？Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?,2.如果主句的谓语动词是ask时，连词不可能是that；如果主句的谓语动词是say时，连词用that,她说她她将在桌子上留一个便条。Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.他说他将去照顾那个小孩。Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.,他问我是否喜欢弹钢琴。HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.你可以去问那边那个人你怎样才能到达车站？Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.,Doyouknowif_backnextweek?Ifhe_back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome,3.连词if和when在不同从句中的区别：,C,Idontknowwhenhe_(come).Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_(come),wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?,willcome,comes,宾语从句三要素,that（陈述句）,ifwhether（一般疑问句）,特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句),主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态,语序,宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序,客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变,七.本课小结,Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballatsixoclockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey_(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be),willbe,goes,wereplaying,hasreturned,hadbeen,6.Heaskedwhatthey_ateightlastnight.(do)7.Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_fasterthansound.(travel)8.Ithinkyou_abouttherelayracenow.(talk)9.Ididntknowwhomtheletters_from.(be),travels,aretalking,were,weredoing,10.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)11.MissWangtoldmethattheearth_(move)roundtheearth.12.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)13.LingFengtoldmehe_toseveraltimes.(be)14.Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun_intheeast.(rise)15.Canyoutellmewhatthey_yesterday?(do),wrote,moves,hastaken,hadbeen,rises,did,将下列句子合并为一句: