非谓语动词-总复习

非谓语动词,找出各句的谓语动词并指出其具体形式1.Dontteachfishtoswim.不要班门弄斧。,dontteach，谓语动词否定式,2.Hehadagoodmemorylikeanelephant.他以前有很好的记忆力。3.Itwouldbeawasteofmoneybuildingsuchaluxuriousvilla.建这么豪华的别墅太浪费钱。,1,had，谓语动词过去式wouldbe，附加情态动词的动词原形,4.Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.光比声音传播速度快得多。5.Whenaskedwhy,pleasejustkeepsilent.当问到原因时，就保持沉默。,1,travels，谓语动词单数形式keep，动词原形,6.Thepresidentwaswarmlywelcomedbytheresidents.总统受到了居民的热烈欢迎。,1,waswelcomed，动词的被动形式,1,谓语动词的形式包括主动句各种时态下的谓语形式和被动句各种时态下的谓语形式以及情态动词与动词连用的各种形式。,2,动名词，现在分词，不定式与过去分词以及它们相应时态与语态下的各种形式叫作动词的非谓语形式。换言之，不能作谓语的动词形式叫非谓语动词。,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别高考题点击：1.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.(93N)A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointing2.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarriage_thegirlandtookheraway,_intothewoods.（04上海春季）A.seizing.,disappearedB.seized.,disappearedC.seizing,disappearingD.seized,disappearing,两个动作之间用and连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用and连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized和took是并列谓语，disappearing是伴随状语。此题的关键是and的位置，如果and在disappear前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,A,A,B,Non-PredicateVerbs（非谓语动词）,英语中动词的非谓语动词有三类：1.不定式：infinitive2.动名词：gerund3.分词：participle现在分词：presentparticiple过去分词：pastparticiple,非谓语,不定式表将来和主动,动词ing:表进行和主动,动词ed：表完成和被动,1.在句子中充当何成分2.只跟不定式做宾语的动词3.什么情况下需用不定式做定语4.不定式省略to的情况5.不定式的复合结构6.不定式主动表被动的情况,动名词,现在分词,2.动名词与不定式做主语，宾语的区别,3.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟动名词的情况,1.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别,1.只跟动名词做宾语的动词,现在分词跟过去分词作状语,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,1.不定式：infinitive,FormUsageOmissionof“to”,todo(nottodo)一般式（否定）tobedoing进行式主动tohavedone完成式tohavebeendoing完成进行式tobedone一般式被动tohavebeendone完成式,一般式：不定式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，或者在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。1.Imgladtoseeyou.(同时发生)2.Theyinvitedustocometoaparty.（不定式动作后发生）3.Thecomputertobeproducedisofanewtype.(被动)4.Youmustpromisenevertodothatagain.,进行式：谓语动词表示的动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行。1.Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeovertheriver.据说他们正在这条河上修另一座大桥。2.Idratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramseem_allthetime.(1997.1)a.togetworseb.tobegettingworse我宁愿看书也不愿意看电视，电视节目好像越来越差了。,完成式：不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前1.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper_inbroaddaylightyesterday.(2001.1)a.robbedb.tohavebeenrobbedc.beingrobbedd.havingbeenrobbed2.Theywerereportedtohavediscoveredanthorancienttombinthisarea.,完成进行式：在谓语动词表示的动作发生前，不定式表示的动作一直在进行。1.Theyaresaidtohavebeencollectingfolksongsthere.(=Itissaidthattheyhavebeencollectingfolksongsthere.)2.Thestrugglewasknowtohavebeengoingonforovertwentyyears.,Usage,1subject（主语）2predicative（表语）3object（宾语）4attribute（定语）5adverbial（状语）6complement（补足语）,1.不定式（短语）作主语通常转化成“It+is/was+adj./n.+不定式（短语）”,其中it是形式主语(formsubject)，真正的主语是后面的不定式（短语）。Tomasteraforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itsnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage.,Ittakessb.sometime不定式Itcostssb.money不定式2.复合结构：forsb.todosth.Itis+adj./n.+for/ofsb.todosth.当形容词为表示“性格特征或行为表现”的形容词时，介词用of，如kind,wrong,polite,wise,aspredicativeHerwishistobeateacher.Sheseemstobehappy.,asobjectHelovedtolistentomusic.IfinditdifficulttospeakEnglishfluently.,下列动词要求不定式作宾语：afford,agree,aim,appear,arrange,care,choose,decide,desire,demand,determine,help,hope,intend,learn,manage,mean,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,strive,tend,wish,特殊疑问词+不定式介词+特殊疑问词+不定式Wheretostayhasnotbeendecidedyet.（S.）Shedoesntknowwhattodo.（O.ofv.）Hehadnoideaofhowtodo.（O.ofprep.）疑问词包括how,what,where,when,whether,whom,why等,Iaskhimwheretogetthisbook.（O.C.）Thequestioniswhichtochoose.（P.）能一以这种结构作宾语的动词有：know,see,show,tell,teach,wonder,imagine,understand,explain等,asattribute不定式通常作后置定语，而且vi.后要加介词.Thereisalotofworktodo.Heisthebestmantoconsultwith.,asadverbialAadverbialofpurposeBadverbialofcauseCadverbialofresult,asadverbialofpurposeIstartedearly(soas)/(inorder)togettherebeforedark.soasto和inorderto是不定式的强调形式soas(not)to用在句中inorder(not)to用在句中或句首,asadverbialofcauseWeareproudtobemembersofthisteam.Wejumpedwithjoytohearofthegoodnews.,asadverbialofresultHeistooyoungtogotoschool.Ihurriedtotherailwaystationonlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.Hebehavedsofoolishlyastobelaughedbyhisfriends.Hisstoryissosadastoarouseoursympathy.,ascomplementAobjectcomplementBsubjectcomplement,AsobjectcomplementChinaexpectseveryonetodohisduty.Icouldmakethemunderstandme.,要求不定式作宾补的动词：ask,tell,want,expect,invite,allow,forbid,force,oblige,urge,advise,persuade(sb.todosth.)要求省to不定式作宾补的动词：make/have/let(sb.dosth.),helpsb.todosth.主语不直接参与动作helpsb.dosth.主语直接参与动作Thiskindofsoapwillhelpustowashtheclothesmoreeasily.Theyalwayshelpmedomyhomework.,AssubjectcomplementWeweremadetopaythemoney.Amanwasseentoenterthehouse.注：主被动语态转换,S.asksb.todosth.sb.beaskedtodosth.S.makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.S.sawamanenterthehouse.Amanwasseentoenterthehouse.S.sawamanenteringthehouse.Amanwasseenenteringthehouse.,omissionof“to”1setphrase2setstructure3sentencewithspecialconjunctionorpreposition4aspredicative,setphrase1hadbetter/hadbest(not)do2hadrather/hadsoonerdosth.thandosth.3wouldrather/wouldsoonerdosth.thandosth.,4wouldjustassoondosth.asdo（宁愿也不愿）5may/might(just)aswelldo（还是好;还不如;不妨）6cannotbutdo(不能不；不得不),7cannotchoosebut（只得）8cannothelpbut（不得不）cannothelp+doing9canbut=canonly（只得，充其量不过）eg,Iwouldjustassoonstayasgowithhim.Wemayaswellbeginatonce.Youmayaswelltellthetruth.Wemightjustaswellstayathome.,Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.Icannotbutlaugh.Icannotchoosebutstay.Icannothelpbutgrieve.,setstructure感官动词或使役动词+宾语+动词原形宾补make/have/let/bid/leave+sb./sth.+do常见感官动词：see,hear,watch,notice,observe,listento,lookat,feelperceiveetc.,Hemadeherdoso.Bidhimgohome.（叫他回家）Wewillhavetheboymailthisletter.Lettherebenomistakeaboutit.（这事可别出错）Leavehimgo.（放他走）Lookatthathorsejump.Iheardthemtalkaboutthatfilm.,连词(than,as)或介词(except,but,besides,save)前有do的某种形式省to;反之则不省Ididnomorethanmakeabeginning.Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.,Ididnothingbut/exceptrepairthefarm-tools.Mydogdoeseverythingexceptspeak.Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?,作表语的不定式:若主语中有do的某种形式，可省to也可不省.AllIdidwas(to)hithimonthehead.Theonlythingwecandois(to)encouragehimtotryagain.Theonlythingtodois(to)encouragehimtotryagain.WhatIlldois(to)tellherthetruth.,回顾,不定式运用口诀,本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。六个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for/ofsb.to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。,不定式的句法功能，除了谓语外，不定式可以担当句子的任何成分。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。(作主语和表语)Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.(不定式短语作主语)Youshouldcontinuetolearnaslongasyoulive.要活到老学到老。(不定式短语作宾语)Sheusuallyhasalotofmeetingstoattendintheevenings.她晚上经常有很多会要开。(不定式短语作定语)To/Inordertodoagoodjob,wemusthavetherighttools.要干好活工具得用对。(不定式短语作目的状语)Hegotupearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.(不定式短语作目的状语)Ididntexpectyoutoarrivesoearly.我没想到你来得那么早。(不定式短语作宾语补足语),不定式的省略两个并列的不定式由and或or连接时，省略后面的不定式中的to。如：Iwanttofinishmyhomeworkandgohome.Imreallypuzzledwhattothinkorsay.特例：Tobeornottobe，thatisaquestion.Heisbettertolaughthantocry.(表示对比)句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides等后面的不带to。即“前有do，后省to”。如：Hedidntdoanythingbutcomplain.在cannotbut,cannotchoosebut,cannothelpbut,couldnotbut,couldnothelpbut的后面不带to,它们的意思都是“只好，只有”,如：Hecouldnotbutwalkhome./Itsraininghard,Icannothelpbutstayathome./Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.,不定式的复合结构Itisbraveofyoutodothat.Itiseasyforyoutodothat.,当下列表示人物特征的形容词同of后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系时，常与of搭配。brave,careful,careless,clever,foolish,good,honest,kind,nice,right,wrong,rude,stupid,silly,wise,thoughtful,etc,Itwasverykindofyoutocometohelpme.=Youwereverykindtocometohelpme.,下列表示事物性质的形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但与句中的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的主表关系，常与for搭配。easy,hard,heavy,necessary,impossible,possible,important,difficult,etc.,Itshardforhimtogetridofhisbadhabits.=Forhimtogetridofhisbadhabitsishard.,不定式主动表被动的情况,1.不定式作定语与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，且与句中的另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。,Illgiveyouabooktoread.Pleaselendmeapentowritewith.,2.be+adj.+todo,Thequestionisnoteasytoanswer.,3.不定式与疑问代词连用时,Schooluniformsarenotcoolenough,sostudentsdontknowwhattoexpect.,4.某些动词不定式与be连用时betoblame,betoseek,betolet,Thehouseistolet.,5.Therebe结构中不定式修饰主语时，主动式和被动式皆可。,Thereisalotofworktodo/tobedone.,如果不定式有逻辑主语，只用主动式。,Thereisnothingformetodotoday.,2.Gerund,FormUsageTestingStructure,Forms:v-ing(主动)一般式nov-ing/notdoing否定式havingdone主动完成式beingdone被动一般式havingbeendone被动完成式onesdoing复合结构,Usage,1subject2predicative3object4attribute,asS.Thereisnodenyingthis.Itsnouse/nogood/uselesscryingoverthespiltmilk.asP.Hishobbyiscollectingancientgoldcoins.,asO.Ihavefinishedreadingthebook.Sheisveryfondofdancing.Doyoufindstayinghereinteresting?Doyoufinditinterestingstayinghere?,asAttr.动名词作定语，说明人或物的性能or用途现在分词作定语，表明动作进行，是主谓关系sleepingpillsasleepingchild,TestingStructure:否定式nov-ing/notv-ing复合结构:onesv-ing名词所有格或物主代词+动名词名词通格或代词宾格+动名词（非正式文体或口语中）,Itsnousebuyingbooksbutnotreadingthem.His/Himgoingtherewonthelpmuch.Johns/Johncomingherewillgetusoutoftrouble.Idontrememberhis/himgivingmebackthatdictionary.IheardofMissMarys/Marycomingback.,有些动词或短语后需接动名词作宾语：anticipate,involve,remember,forget,forgive,forbid,imagine,keep,mind,regret,avoid,consider,discuss,deny,encourage,finish,like,love,resist,delay,admit，risk,resume,suggest,advise,allow,permit,dislike,favor,fancy,endure,enjoy,escape,excuse,leaveoff,overlook,miss,pardon,postpone,practice,putoff,prevent,prohibit,quit,recommend,require,resent,recall,tolerate,appreciate,stop,approachtodoing,bebusydoing,objecttodoing,feellikedoing,canthelpdoing,preferdoingAtodoingB,回顾,动名词具有动词和名词的特点，有一般式和完成式，有主动式和被动式之分，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。,动名词和现在分词一样也是由动词+ing构成，在句中起名词的作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式也是not+动名词，有四种时态和语态形式，使用时注意如下内容即可。,巧记跟动名词的口诀：,避免错过少延期，建议完成多练习，喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。avoid,miss,delay;suggest,finish,practice;enjoy,imagine,resist(canthelp);admit,denyenvy;escape,risk,pardon;stand,keep,mind,3.Participle,FormUsageTestingStructure,PresentParticiplev-ing(主动)一般式notv-ing否定式havingdone主动完成式beingdone被动一般式havingbeendone被动完成式,PastParticiplev-ed(被动)一般式notv-ed否定式,Usage,1Predicative2Attribute3Adverbial4Complement,aspredicativeMypencilwasbroken.(过去分词作表语主语状态)Herspeechwasquitestirring.(现在分词作表语主语性质),asattributeAlostopportunityneverreturns.Thewomansittingatthedeskishissecretary.Thematerialusediscement.注:分词(短语)作定语可以转化成定语从句,asadverbialIstoodwatchingher,notknowingwhattodo.Hewasreliable,judgedbyordinarystandards.,分词(短语)作状语,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致.Seeingtheprofessor,thestudentssmiledandsaidgoodmorningtohim.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.,AdverbialoftimeSeeingtheprofessor,thestudentssmiledandsaidgoodmorningtohim.Seenfromthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.,AdverbialofcauseBeingill,hestayedathome.Convincedoftheaccuracyofthedata,Istucktomyopinion.,AdverbialofconditionWorkinghard,youllsucceed.United,westand;divided,wefall.,AdverbialofconcessionWorkingveryhard,hedidnotfeelalittletired.Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayersdidnotloseconfidence.(连词though加强语气),AdverbialofresultAletterhasjustcome,relievingherfromanxiety.Newmachineswereinstalled,thus/therebyresultinginanincreaseinproduction.(thus/thereby加强语气),AdverbialofmannerTravelingbycar,thestudentsvisitedmanyplaces.ArmedwithMarxism-Leninism,thePartysolvedtheproblemsoneafteranother.,AdverbialofaccompanimentTheteacher,followedbysomestudents,wentintotheclassroom.Theystayedathomeallday,givingthehouseathoroughcleaning.,ascomplementaO.C.IamsorryIvekeptyouwaiting.Ihavemyhaircutonceamonth.(谓语v.多为使役v.和感官v.)bS.C.Shewasseengoingupstairs.Theworkwaslefthalfdone.,TestingStructure,1ParticipleasAdverbial2AbsoluteStructure,现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别:Pleasefillinthisform,givingyourname,address,etc.Hestoodthere,surroundedbyhisthreedaughters.一般来说现在分词表示主动的意思;过去分词表示被动的意思.,分词作状语时的时态1一般式：分词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleaveanote.=Asshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleaveanote.,2完成式：分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前Havingcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.=Afterwehadcleanedtherooms,webegantoweedthegarden.,分词短语作状语的强调结构:分词短语前加连词(加强语气)Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayersdidnotloseconfidence.,独立主格结构是分词作状语的一种特殊形式:分词(短语)作状语时,无论是现在分词还是过去分词，是一般式还是完成式，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。否则，分词前必需有自己的主语，即用独立主格结构。,独立主格结构的特点：独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Hismotherbeingill,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.with独立主格:HestaredathisfriendwithhismouthwideopenWithyoutoleadus,ourgroupissuretosucceed,2have之后的非谓语动词havesb.dosth.叫某人做某事havesth.done使某事被(他人)做havesb.done使某人被他人做某事havesb.doingsth.听任某人做某事,Illhavehimdoit.Ihavemyhaircuteverymonth.Yououghttohaveherexaminedbythedoctor.Iwonthaveyousayingthat.,非谓语动词的区别,不定式:具有n.adj.adv.特征，在句中担任除谓语外任何成分；动名词:具有n.特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语、表语；分词:具有adj.adv.特征,在句中可作主语、表语、宾补、状语；,difference,动名词名词；习惯性动作不定式将来；一次性动作现在分词:动作正在进行；表主动过去分词:动作已经完成；表被动,1.不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别,不定式：出乎意料的结果Iwokeupinthemorning,tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.现在分词：往往与主句有因果关系Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.,2.begin和start后跟不定式而不跟动名词的情况,当主语是无生命之物时Snowbegantomelt.2.begin和start用于进行时态时HeisbeginningtostudyEnglish.3.begin和start后面的动词是表示心理状态的词（know,understand,believe,wonder等）Ibegantobelievehisstory.,分词短语做定语时，分词的选定依据分词与被其修饰的名词的关系而定。如果名词是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果名词是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。分词短语做状语时，则要看分词与句子主语的关系。如果句子的主语是分词动作的执行者，用现在分词；如果主语是分词动作的承受者，用过去分词。(1)Seenfromthemountain，thecitylooksbeautiful.(2)Seeingfromthemountain，wecanseetheriverrunningthroughthecity.,现在分词跟过去分词作状语,3.关于分词选定的原则,现在分词的完成式一般不作定语，若要表达完成意义最好用定语从句。Thegirlwhohaswontheraceismydeskmate.,2.done,tobedone,beingdone作定语的区别,注意,Themeetingbeingheldnowisofgreatimportance.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasofgreatimportance.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisofgreatimportance.,熟读深思,with复合结构(1)With_the_children_following_him(由于孩子跟着他),hehadtogobacktothepark.(2)Withtheworkfinished,hecouldgohome.(3)Withtheweathersohot,theywentintohavearest.(4)Hiswifecamedownthestairs,withabookinherhand(abookinherhandbookinhand)(5)Thestudentsstoodinlinewiththenationalflagbeingraised.,归纳总结,with复合结构既可看作介词短语，在句子中作定语；也可看作独立主格结构，常在句中充当状语。它由“with宾语补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。其结构为：,With宾语,adv./prep.如：(4)。adj.如：(3)。doing(主动，同时)/beingdone(正在被)，如：(1)、(5)。done(被动或完成)，如：(2)。todo(与宾语有动宾关系，表示将要发生的动作),另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用todo还是用tobedone时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：,1【误】Wedontallowtosmokeinthelecturehall.【正】Wedontallowsmokinginthelecturehall.【正】Wedontallowpeopletosmokeinthelecturehall.【解析】考查固定结构。allowdoingsth.;allowsb.todosth.2【误】Shewasthefirstpersonthinkingoftheidea.【正】Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.【解析】当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。,反面解读,3【误】Thequestionbeingdiscussedattomorrowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.【正】Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrowsmeetingisaveryimportantone.【解析】beingdiscussed表示动作正在进行，而根据attomorrowsmeeting可判断动作发生在将来，故用tobediscussed表示。4【误】Thisboywasseencomelatethismorning.【正】Thisboywasseentocomelatethismorning.【解析】see，watch等动词转换为被动结构时，其后不定式一般需要带to。,5Ivebeenlookingforwardtohearfromyou.【答案】hear改为hearing。【解析】短语lookforwardto中，to为介词，所以应用动名词作宾语。6Headmittedtohavestolenthecar.【答案】tohave改为having。【解析】admit后面跟动词的ing形式作宾语。7Thisisawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.【答案】This改为It。【解析】作形式主语，代替动词的ing形式，只能用it。,8Theflowersneedbeingwatered.【答案】beingwatered改为watering或者tobewatered。【解析】need,want,require等动词的主语为物时，后面跟动名词主动形式或接不定式的被动结构，表示“需要被”。9现在分词的完成式通常不作定语或补语。(1)【误】Icouldseethehousehavingbeenbeautifullydecorated.【正】Icouldseethehousebeautifullydecorated.,(2)【误】Thebookhavingbeenwrittenlongagoishardforustounderstandtoday.【正】Thebookwrittenlongagoishardforustounderstandtoday.10作状语的分词，其逻辑主语必须同句中主语为同一人或同一事，现在分词与其逻辑主语有主动关系，而过去分词则与其逻辑主语有被动关系。(1)【误】Havingfoundthecause,theexperimentcontinued.【正】Havingfoundthecause,theycontinuedtheexperiment.(HavingfoundAfter/Whentheyhadfound),(2)【误】Seeingfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.【正】Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.(SeenWhenthecityisseen)11非谓语的否定式中，not必须放在非谓语的最前面。(1)【误】Havingnotfinishedhishomework,hedidntwanttogotobed.【正】Nothavingfinishedhishomework,hedidntwanttogotobed.(2)【误】Motherwarnsustonotplayinthestreet.【正】Motherwarnsusnottoplayinthestreet.,回顾,过去分词v-ed,不定式to+v,动词的v-ing,非谓语动词,表将来，主动。,表进行，主动,表完成，被动,不定式的被动式在表示被动的同时还兼表示未来。,现在分词的完成式也表示完成，尤其是表示有明显先后时间关系的完成。,现在分词的被动式在表示被动的同时还将表示进行。,6.考查非谓语动词用作结果状语Iwokeupinthemorning,tofindtheoutsideworldgreatlychanged.Shefelloffthebike,breakingherleftleg.,解析不定式：出乎意料的结果现在分词：往往与主句有因果关系,考点击破,一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1._(walk)isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.(全国)2.Eugenesneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.Itsnouse_(argue)withhim.(上海)3.Pleaseremain_(seat);thewinneroftheprizewillbeannouncedsoon.(辽宁)4.CanIsmokehere?Sorry.Wedontallow_(smoke)here.(江苏),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,5.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_(accept)thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(陕西)6.Icantstand_(work)withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_(stop)talkingwhilesheworks.(北京)7.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneed_(repair).(陕西)8.Susanwantedtobeindependentofherparents.Shetried_(live)alone,butshedidntlikeitandmovedbackhome.(湖南),accepting,tostop,working,toberepaired,living,9._(dress)inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.10.Isentyou100dollarstodaywiththerest_(follow)nextweek.11._(lose)inthemountainsforweeks,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpolice.12._(put)intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.,Dressed,tofollow,Lost,Put,1._ofthetruthofthereports,hetoldhiscolleaguesaboutit.AConvincedBConvincingCToconvinceDHavingconvinced【解析】A动词convince表示“使确信”；beconvincedofsth.“确信，相信”；此处用过去分词作状语。也可说，此处convincedofthetruthofthereports是形容词短语作状语，表示原因。2_inthought，healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose,C.Lost,3Becareful!Dontforgetyouareonaladder.Butyouareholdingitforme,nothing_.AworryaboutBtoworryaboutCisworriedaboutDworryingabout【解析】B考查非谓语动词。“小心点。别忘了你在梯子上。”“但是你扶着呢，没什么可担心的。”nothing与不定式短语toworryabout连用，构成独立主格结构，作补充说明性的状语，相当于Butyouareholdingitforme,sothereisnothingtoworryabout/soIhavenothingtoworryabout.其中toworryabout作后置定语。,4Helookedatme,withanexpression_thathefeltevenmorepuzzled.AindicateBindicatesCindicatingDindicated【解析】Cwithanexpressi