AdvancedVocabulary

AdvancedVocabulary,Formoredetailedinstructions,seetheGettingStartedpresentation.,ThisiconindicatestheslidecontainsactivitiescreatedinFlash.Theseactivitiesarenoteditable.,ThisiconindicatesthatteachersnotesareavailableintheNotesPage.,ThisiconindicatesthatausefulwebaddressisincludedintheNotespage.,Introduction,Thisunitwilllookatwayswecanwidenthevocabularyweuse,particularlyinrelationtoanalysingtexts,suchasnovels,playsandpoetry.,Howcanwewidenourvocabulary?readingasmuchaswecanexploringtherootsoflanguage,tohelpusunderstandanynewwordsthatwecomeacrossusingadictionaryandthesaurus.,Achanginglanguage,Thewordsthatweusechangeovertime,asnewanddifferentwordscomeintocommonusage.Thewaythatwepronouncewordschanges.Thegrammaticalstructuresofthelanguagechange.Thewaythatwepunctuateourwritingchanges.,Languagesconstantlychange.,Whydoeslanguagechangeovertime?Usethebrainstormbelowtowritedownsomeofyourideas.,Achanginglanguage,Weneedtofindnewwordstodescribenewthings,e.g.theInternet.,Aswemakecontactwithothercultures,wediscovernewwords.,Historically,invadershavebroughttheirownlanguageswiththem,changingEnglishintheprocess.,Youngpeopleinventnewslangwordswhichoftencomeintocommonusage.,Youngpeopleplayabigpartinchangingtheirlanguage,particularlythroughthedevelopmentofslangwords.Eventually,someofthesewordsareacceptedintothemainstreamlanguage,andbecomepartofourvocabulary.,Slang,Howmanycommonlyusedslangwordscanyouthinkof?,Whydoyouthinkyoungpeopleuseslangandconstantlyinventnewslangwords?,Slangisalmostlikeasecretcodeatfirstonlyafewpeopleknowwhatthewordsmean.Becauseofthis,slangcanbeusedtopreventotherpeople,particularlyadults,fromunderstandingaconversation.Newwordsareconstantlybeinginvented,becausetheykeepslangexclusive.,Slang,449A.D.,TheAnglo-SaxonsbringEnglishtoBritain.TheyspeakaGermanictypelanguage.TheCelts,nativesofBritain,areforcedintoScotland,WalesandCornwall.,OldEnglishwordsinclude:tooth,earth,sheep.,597A.D.,ChristianitycomestoBritain,andsomeLatinwordsareintroducedintothelanguage.,Latinwordsinclude:angel,candle,priest.,AbriefhistoryofEnglish,737A.D.onwards,TheVikings,whospeakOldNorseinvadetheNorth.TheirlanguagewasGermanic,withsimilarrootstothatoftheAnglo-Saxons.,OldNorsewordsinclude:sky,window,awkward.,1066A.D.,TheNormansinvadeEngland,speakingatypeofFrench,andmanynewwordsrelatedtoGovernmentandcultureareintroduced.,Normanwordsinclude:evidence,tower,venison.,TheVikingandNormaninvasionsledtoMiddleEnglish.,AbriefhistoryofEnglish,DuringtheRenaissance,therewasagreatinterestinlearning.ManyGreekandLatinwordscameintouse.,Greekwordsinclude:topic,cosmos.,1490-1650,Latinwordsinclude:genius,premium.,Explorationof,andtradewith,theNewWorldledtocontactwiththeSpanish,DutchandPortuguese.Manywordsfromtheselanguageswereadopted.,Spanishwordsinclude:sherry,cargo.,Fromabout1500onwards,ModernEnglishreplacedMiddleEnglish.,AbriefhistoryofEnglish,18thCenturyonwards,ThecolonisationofcountriessuchasAustralia,IndiaandAfricaledtomanynewwordsenteringourvocabulary.,Technologicalwordsinclude:Internet,e-mail.,20th-21stCentury,Ahugeincreaseincommunicationandtechnology.Manywordshavebeenborrowedfromotherlanguages,e.g.glasnost.Newtechnologiesrequirenewwordstodescribethem.,Colonialwordsinclude:pyjama,gymkhana,jodhpur.,AbriefhistoryofEnglish,Languageandculture,Aswehaveseen,theEnglishlanguageborrowsmanywordsfromothercultures,andthesewordsquicklybecomeapartofourlanguage.Sincetherecentincreasesincommunicationstechnology,Englishisbecomingseenasthegloballanguage-alanguagethatthemajorityofpeoplecanusetocommunicate.ActivityLookatthewordsonthenextslide.Draganddropthemintotheboxlabelledwiththecountrytheycomefrom.,Draganddrop,Usingadictionary,Everyyear,asnewwordsenterourvocabulary,dictionarywritershavetodecideexactlywhattoinclude.Theyalsohavetoexcludewordsthathavegoneoutofcommonusage,sothattheEnglishlanguageisconstantlyevolving.Aswellastellingyouhowtospellaword,anditsmeaningormeanings,adictionarymayalsotellwhattypeofworditis,(i.e.noun,verb,etc.),thedifferentformsinwhichitmightbeused,andhowitshouldbepronounced.Anetymologicaldictionarywillalsoexplaintherootsoftheword.,Usingadictionaryproperlywillhelpexpandyourvocabulary,whetheryouareusingittocheckhowtospellaword,orlookingupthemeaningofawordyoudonotyetknow.,Thewordthatisgoingtobedefined.,Thetypeofword,inthiscasenstandsfornoun.,Definitionsoftheword.,Usingadictionary,earthn.theplanetonwhichthehumanracelives;soilthatcanbedugfromtheground;partofelectriccircuit.,Usingathesaurus,Athesaurusgivesyouavarietyofsynonymsdifferentwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Athesauruscanbeparticularlyusefulwhenyouarewritinganessayoracreativepiece,becauseitwillhelpyoutoavoidusingthesamewordsrepeatedly.However,dobecarefultousethecorrectwordinthecorrectcontextwhenfindingsynonyms-alwayscheckinadictionaryifyouarenotsure!Aswellasusingahardcopythesaurus,youmightalsoliketoworkwiththethesaurusonyourcomputer,whichcanusuallybefoundunderthetoolsfunction.Usingathesaurusisagreatwaytowidenyourvocabulary.,Synonyms,Antonyms,Useathesaurustomakethepieceofwritingbelowmuchmoreinteresting.,Itwasadark,coldnightandthestormhadbeenblowingforhourswithoutstopping.Samlookedoutofthewindowatthedarknightsky.Wouldthisstormeverend?Andwouldherbrothergethomesafely?,Hereisjustonewaythatyoumighthavechangedit.,Itwasagloomy,bitternightandthestormhadbeenblusteringforhourswithoutceasing.Samgazedoutofthewindowattheominousnightsky.Wouldthistempesteverfinish?Andwouldherbrothergethomeunscathed?,Usingathesaurus,So,whenusingathesaurus,takecare:nottoover-write,usingtoomanylongorexcessivelydescriptivewords.tousethesynonymsyoufindinthecorrectcontext.Wordscanhaveseveraldifferentmeanings,andyoushouldalwayscheckinadictionaryifyouarenotsureofthecorrectdefinition.,Usingathesaurus,Youneedtobecarefulwhenusingathesaurus.Asyoumighthavenoticed,althoughthepieceofdescriptiononthepreviousslidesoundedmoreinteresting,italsosoundedratheroverblownandmelodramatic!,Descriptivewritingmodel,Writingtodescribe,Generalvocabulary,Doyouknowwhatthesewordsmean?Learntheirspellingsandthenputeachwordintoasentence.,Literaryvocabulary,Thesearewordsthatyoumightusewhenwritingaboutliterature.Doyouknowwhattheyallmean?Learntheirspellingsandputeachwordintoasentence.,Vocabularygame,Nowitstimetohavesomefunwithlanguage.Weregoingtoplayavocabularygame.Herearetheinstructions:,Youshouldworkinsmallgroupsofaboutfourpeople.Eachgroupwillbegivenawordanditsdefinition.Thesearerealwords,butyouwillprobablynothaveheardthembefore!Keepthetruedefinitionsecretsothatonlyyourgroupknowsit.Inturn,eachmemberofthegroupgivestheclassadefinitionoftheirword.Makeyourdefinitionssoundasrealisticaspossible.Theothergroupshavetoguesswhoisgivingthecorrectdefinition.Iftheyguessright,theygetonepoint.Ifnooneguessestherightanswer,thegroupgivingthedefinitionsgettwopoints.,First,letslookatanexampletoshowyouhowthegameworks.Hereistheword:,odalisque,Andherearefourdefinitionstochoosefrom.Isita.,FemaleslaveinaTurkishharem.,TypeofancientGreeksculpture.,KindoftogawornbyfemaleRomans.,DanceperformedbyFrenchslaves.,Vocabularygame,Andthecorrectanswer?An,odalisque,isa.,FemaleslaveinaTurkishharem.,Didyouguessright?Remember,youcanmakeyourdefinitionsmuchlongerandmoreinteresting.,Vocabularygame,Nowyouaregoingtohavetobeveryhonestifthegameisgoingtoworkproperly!Yourteacherwilltellyouaseachgroupswordappearsontheboard,somakesureyoucloseyoureyesuntilyouaretoldtoopenthem.Whenitisyourgroupsturn,openyoureyes,writedownthewordandtherealdefinition.Wheneveryonehastheirwords,youcanstartmakingupyourfalsedefinitions,readytostartplaying.Therearelotsofwordshere,soyoushouldbeab