美国文学史复习表格

时期流派作家名代表作作品细节Romanticism1820-1865RomanticismWashington Irving(a minister in Spain in 1841)The Life of George Washington 859Last work. publish before his death, the fifth volume. biographyThe Legend of Sleepy Hollow Gothic literature. These two stories are from The Sketch Book 1820, which talked about the charm of English life and manners.Pip Van Winkle Bracebridge HallWere almost as popular as his first great success.见闻札记Tales of a TravelerRomanticismJames Fenimore CooperThe first great Am. Novelist(entered Yale at 13)Cooper had been hasty and careless about details写作时他作品中的女性都是扁平性人物并且都一样，as James Russell put it. Precaution 1820他本来不会写东西，但出人意料地真的写出了一部小说且出版The Spy 1821Harvey Birch在American Revolution时作为特工的故事 The Pilot 1823 用到了他在海上的经历 使他成为an early creator of sea storiesThe Pioneers 1823根据他曾经在frontier settlement的生活经历创作系列名：The Leatherstocking Series, 名字来源于their frontiersman hero, Natty Bumppo. 系列讲述了Natty Bumppo从青年到老年的故事，阅读顺序为5,2,4,1,3The Last of the Mohicans 1826 The Prairie 1827The Pathfinder 1840The Deerslayer 1841Fireside poetsWilliam Cullen BryantThe first Am. eminent poet后在New York Evening Post工作Thanatopsis 死亡观 1817发表在 North American Review，他父亲投的稿To a Waterfowl 1818做律师养活自己,上班的路上可以看到水鸟. English author Matthew Arnold: the most perfect brief poem in the language Fireside poetsHenry Wadsworth Longfellow第一个获the Poets Corner of Westminster Abbey的美国诗人Evangeline 1847他将外国诗的forms引进美国. These two long narrative poems follow European forms but treat American legends.The Song of Hiawatha 1855A Psalm of Life 1838Tell me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream!Dark romanticismEdgar Allan PoeHis contribution: exploration of the dark side of human nature, his creation of incidents and symbols The Murders in the Rue MorgueDetective storiesinspired the creation of Sherlock HolmesThe Mystery of Marie Roget The Purloined LetterThe Fall of the House of UsherHis best gothic talesThe Tell-Tale HeartThe Cask of AmontilladoWilliam WilsonThe Philosophy of CompositionAn essay. It is a critical reflection of his poem “The Raven”Annabel LeeIt was many and many a year ago, In a kingdom by the sea, That a maiden there lived whom you may know.TranscendentalismRalph Waldo EmersonLive in Old Manse, in Concord, MassachusettsNatureEssays, reflect his optimistic philosophyThe American Scholar-Oliver Wendell Holmes “our intellectual Declaration of Independence”Self-RelianceThe Over-SoulThe American ScholarTranscendentalismHenry David ThoreauLive in ConcordCivil DisobedienceEssay, 来自于a civil protest梭罗抵制奴隶制拒交税因此入狱A Week on the Concord and Merrimack RiversHis first book about his journey experience反响不好Dark romanticismNathaniel HawthorneLive in ConcordThe Scarlet Letter 1850Novel, 霍桑因为祖先的罪恶而took the shame upon himselfThe Ministers Black Veil Twice-Told Tales1837Wakefield Young Goodman BrownMosses from an Old Manse 1846The BirthmarkRappaccinnis Daughter The House of the Steven GablesAn account of an ancestral curseThe Blithedale RomanceBased on 1840s早期在Brook Farm群居的不幸经历/试验The Marble Faun关于“innocent” Americans in “decadent and treacherous” Italy. Dark romanticismHerman Melville他的作品在出名后很快就被人遗忘，到1920s才重新被发现.Moby Dick被很多人认为是美国最好的小说Redburn 1849来源于His voyage as a cabin boy to LiverpoolMoby Dick 1851来源于his next voyage to the South Seas on a whaling shipTypee 1846来源：他在Marquesas Islands跳海在食人肉的Typees当难民Omoo 1847来源：离开Typee后在Tahiti的经历,left on an Australian whalerWhite Jacket 1850The cruelty and tyranny of Navy海军的残暴专政Louisa May Alcott女Little woman 1868The story of a family of girls based on her own experiences.An Old Fashioned Girl 1870Little Men 1871Harriet Beecher Stowe女Uncle Toms Cabin19C卖的最广泛的书册,它将民族注意力引到了奴隶制romantic realismWalt WhitmanAmericas first modern poetLeaves of Grass第一版在1855, is a thin volume of 12 long, untitled poemsSong of MyselfI celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall.Emily Dickinson女Realism1865-1900RealistTall TalesHis friend: Howells说他是sole独一的Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens)His name is a term from his piloting days “two fathoms deep” or “safe water”His technical accomplishment: the refinement of “deadpan” lecturingThe Celebrated Jumping Frog Of Calaveras Country 1865Set in the early 1860s in a small mining town “Angels Camp” in California. Jim Smiley, Simon WheelerInnocents Abroad 1869Letters, funny and satiric. Old World and a young countryThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer76Established Twain as a popular writer of fictionAdventures of Huckleberry76-83Pre-Civil War Mississippi Valley. 海明威：现代文学都来自这本书Life on Mississippi 1883Twains experience as a riverboat pilotA Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court 1889Hank Morgan，19世纪末的技工，回到16世纪的England ( King Arthur)，介绍现代“The Gilded Age”, ironicThe Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson 1894Set in 1830s. 女奴把自己有黑人血统的孩子与同一天出生的主人家的白人孩子掉包。种族平等，异化 Wilson:镇上的白人律师The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (the dark side)作者后期经历种种苦痛后的作品Fenimore Coopers Literary Offences 1895对James Fenimore Cooper书的抨击Realist&CriticismWilliam Dean Howells(a writer of 35 novels)微笑的现实主义The Campaign Life of Abraham Lincoln 1860A book which help Lincoln elected and won Howells the American Consulate in VeniceCriticism and Fiction 1891His own literary credo信条. 他对现实主义的拥护A Modern Instance 1882 His first major novel. 对社会问题的思考The Rise of Silas Lapham1885 论证“fidelity to experience and probability of motive”A Hazard of New Fortunes 1898most panoramic work. 纽约杂志世界,劳工资本,社会公平Psychological realismThe master创造了有限视角Henry James(never married)Leon Edel把他的事业分为三个阶段1.2尝试不同主题和形式3回到世界性的主体(T.S. Eliot: he is invisible in his work.)The Portrait of a Lady 1881(his first period) International theme美国人在欧洲The Jolly Corner 1908(his second period)有心理压力的孩子,受困扰的男女The Wings of the Dove 1902(his last period)return to International theme, a new focus on characters perceptions and impression.运用各种手法point of view, symbolic, metaphorThe Ambassador 1903The Golden Bowl 1904Kate Chopin女(刻画女人但不被社会接受)The Awakening 1899一个女人抛弃了丈夫和孩子寻求真正自己的故事The Story of an Hour讲述作者父亲在她5岁时死于railroad accidentRealistEdith Wharton女Given “the Cross of the Legion of Honor” in France因为她在一战中帮助难民并从美国筹款The Valley of Decision 1902The House of Mirth 1905Ethan Frome 1911The Reef 1912The Custom of the Country 1913Summer 1917The Age of Innocence 1920Best-known work. Pulitzer Prize for fiction(first woman)悲观的NaturalistStephen Crane Pen name: Johnston Smith不喜家庭和学校的约束Maggie: A Girl of the Streets 1893First novelHis observations of Bowery lifeThe Red Badge of Courage 1894An Episode of the American Civil War (best seller 1895)The Black Riders and Other Lines 1895A book of poemsNaturalism Jack London当过水手；生活在来自自己,家庭,朋友的压力之中；出版超过50本书，百万富翁却要还债;自杀Wolf Larsen realize Londons ideal of a Nietschzian “superman”Story of a Typhoon off the Coast of Japan 1893His first published storyThe People of the Abyss 1903Record his intellectual and personal involvement in the socialist movement. He joined the Socialist Labor Party in about 1896 and resigned from it in 1916. War of the Classes 1905The Iron Hell 1908Revolution 1910The Call of the Wild 1903His most popular novels. Dramatize his commitment to the law of survival and the will to powerThe Sea-Wolf 1904Martin Eden 1909Autobiographical novelModernism1900-1945Poet traditional Robert Frost(4 times winner of the Pulitzer Prize)Stopping by woods on the snowy eveningInternal conflicts. Essentially lyrical. Beautiful form, traditional meter.The skeptic in modern American poetry. Fire and iceThe road not takenImagistEzra Pound(leader of Imagism)CantosIn the station of the metroThe apparition of these faces in the crowd; Petals on a wet, black bough ImagistWilliam Carlos WilliamsThe red wheelbarrowa red wheel barrow gazed with rain beside the white chickensErnest Hemingway(Lost generation, by Gertrude Stein) In our time 1924(first novel)The sun also rises 1926Hills like white elephants 927Sb: the American, Jig Spl: Spain, to Madrid, a bar, station A farewell to arms 1929For whom the bell tolls1940His finest novel. His experience in t