2013届高考英语二轮专题复习_语法 名词

高考英语二轮专题复习精品语法、名词诊断与对策.选择括号内的词填空1. Then after receiving a_(scholarship/degree) from Saint Francis University，she got a job at an insurance firm and eventually started her own company.2Dad was quite skilled in sailing，but not good at_ (boating/swimming)3He was_ (failure/a failure) as a teacher.4_ (Women/Womens) Day is in two (weeks/weeks) time.5There are ten_ (man/men) doctors in this medical team.单项填空1“Tommy，run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with _clearly in her voice.Aanger Brudeness Cregret Dpanic解析 根据“Tommy，run! Be quick! The house is on fire！”可知母亲话音里的“惊恐”，panic符合句意。2Whats that on the desk? Its a letter sent by _.Amy father friend Bmy father friendsCa friend of my fathers Dfriends of my father解析考查双重所有格。句意为：桌子上是什么？那是我父亲的一个朋友寄来的一封信。a friend of my fathers强调“我爸爸的朋友中的一个”，friends of my father强调“我爸爸的一些朋友”，单从选项中看不出这两个选项的对错，但是答语中是Its，表示单数意义。3I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner.Abarber Bbarbers Cbarbers Dbarbers解析表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop，house，home等名词。4. In China，_ graduates go abroad to have further study every year.Aa great deal of Bmany a Ca large amount of Dmasses of解析句意为：在中国，每年都有很多毕业生到国外深造。masses of“许多的”，既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词，符合题意。a great deal of和a large amount of只修饰不可数名词；many a后只接单数名词。备考策略1注重语境利用特定的语境考查名词的用法是考查的重点，做题时要深入理解语境，结合句意作出最佳选择。2辨析词义平时学习中一定要努力扩大词汇量，更要特别注意同义词和近义词含义及用法的差别，把握住各选项的真正内涵，才能作出正确的判断。3注意搭配名词的固定搭配和习惯表达主要涉及“介词名词”、“名词介词”、“动词名词”等。学习中要注意积累，做好储备。同时还要掌握名词所有格以及名词的有关问题。考点与考题考点一可转化为可数名词的不可数名词1抽象名词具体化时为可数名词，表示“某种人或事”。beauty美人或美丽的事物；failure失败的人或事；success成功的人或事；surprise令人吃惊的人或事；danger令人感到危险的人或事；pity令人遗憾的人或事物；honor带来荣誉的人或事；experience体验；经历The teams performance has been a disappointment for the fans. 2物质名词表示个体概念时常可数。smoke烟；a smoke一缕烟；tea茶；a tea一杯茶；sweat汗；a sweat一身汗；paper纸；a paper一张报纸；一篇论文；light光线；a light一盏灯；rain雨；a rain一阵雨下午时房间里光线很足。(翻译)The room gets a lot of lights in the afternoon.()The room gets a lot of light in the afternoon.()3有些不可数名词的复数形式有特殊的含义。rains大量的雨水，多场雨；snows大量的雪，多场雪；winds多场风，大风；waters大片水域；sands沙滩；woods森林；fruits各种各样的水果；glasses眼镜；forces军队；brains智力，聪明的人；looks外表；manners礼貌做这件工作你得动脑子。(翻译)You have to use your brain in this job.()You have to use your brains in this job.()考题印证1Its_good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them_pleasure. A/；a Ba；/ Cthe；a Da；the解析句意为：上海世博会给人们带来的“乐趣”，使他们感觉良好。根据句意，此处feeling是指具体的感觉，故应是可数名词，应用a；而给人们带来的“乐趣”是抽象概念，pleasure此处为不可数名词，故不用冠词。2We all hold the belief that _ 2012 London Olympic Games will be _ success. A/；a Bthe；/ Cthe；a Da；a 解析第一空为特指，应用定冠词the；第二空success为抽象名词具体化，意为“一件成功的事”，应用不定冠词a，类似的词还有failure，pleasure等。3How do you like _ speaker?His attitude toward the event was _ big surprise to me. Athe；a Ban；a Cthe；the Dan；the解析第一空指说话双方都知道的人，表示特指，故用定冠词the；第二空表示一个惊讶，表示泛指，故用不定冠词。 4Can I help you，sir?_.ATwo teas，please BTwo tea，please CTwo cup of teas DTwo cups of teas解析tea作为物质名词是不可数的，但若表示“一杯茶”或“一种茶”时，则是可数的。Two teas，please，意为“请来两杯茶”。类似的有：Two beers，please.“请来两杯啤酒。”考点二名词的所有格1以“s”结尾的复数名词所有格只加“”。如：the 书teachers reading room，ten minutes walk2特殊变化的复数名词后加“s”。如：Womens Day，the Childrens Palace3名词并列时，所有格形式不同，意义不同。如：Tom and Bobs desk汤姆和鲍勃的桌子(共有)Toms and Bobs desks汤姆的桌子和鲍勃的桌子(不共有)4表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop，house，home等。如：the tailors，the doctors，my unclesHe went to his uncles.他去了叔叔家。5双重所有格(1)当of短语所修饰的名词前有表示数量的词如a/two/some/any/no等时，表示所有关系的of后加名词所有格或名词性物主代词。如：a friend of my brothers/his，several students of Mr.Smiths/mine。(2)当of短语所修饰的名词前有一个指示代词表示赞赏、厌恶等情绪时，of后也用名词所有格或名词性物主代词。That little son of Xiao Lis/yours is really lovely. 小李的/你的那个小儿子真可爱。This invention of the professors/his is of great importance. 教授的/他的这项发明很重要。这是我妈妈本人的一张照片。This is a photo of my mothers.()This is a photo of my mother.()考题印证1The_shoes were covered with mud，so I asked them to take them off before they got into _ car. Agirls；Toms Bgirls；Toms Cgirls；Toms Dgirls；Toms解析由下文的them可知女孩不只是一个，所以所有格应该是girls的形式，可先排除_和_两个选项。再根据Tom的所有格是Toms，选哪个最佳呢？2Excuse me，is the supermarket far from here?No，its about _.A7 minutes walk B7 minute walk C7 minutes walk D7 minutes walk解析本题考查名词所有格用法。当名词的复数以s结尾时，其所有格形式只需在词尾加“”即可，则“7分钟的距离”为“7 minuteswalk”。3Last Sunday I met _ in the supermarket.Aa friend of Jim Ba friend of Jims Ca friend of Jims Da friend of Jims 解析a friend of后用名词性物主代词或名词后加s形式。如：a friend of mine (我的一个朋友)，a friend of my fathers (我父亲的一个朋友)。4Dont you think it interesting that her _ birthdays both fall in the same day?Ahusband and sons Bhusband and son Chusbands and son Dhusbands and sons解析句意为：你不认为她丈夫和儿子的生日在同一天很有意思吗？根据句意可知，指的是“丈夫和儿子各自的生日”，所以要分别用所有格形式，哪个选项最佳显而易见了吧？考点三名词的修饰语只修饰可数名词的修饰语有：(a) few，several，many (a)，a number of，more than one等；只修饰不可数名词的修饰语有：(a) little，much，a good/great deal of，a bit of，a large amount of等；既能修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有：some，any，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，enough，most，a mass of，all，quantities of，a quantity of，the rest，masses of等。选词填空A large _ (number/amount) of money is spent on tobacco every year.考题印证1He doesnt have_furniture in his roomjust an old desk. Aany Bmany Csome Dmuch解析由于破折号后出现了just an old desk，表示肯定含义，且furniture为不可数名词，故空格处用much。2Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000，a(n)_of 40,000 per year. Aaverage Bnumber Camount Dquantity解析句意为：去年拿到驾照的学员数量达到了20万，平均每年4万。an average of.“的平均数”；a number of，an amount of，a quantity of均意为“许多，大量”。考点四常见的与名词有关的搭配o practice；o reality实行；实施spare no effort to do.不遗余力做keep/bear.in/into mind；learn.by heart记住；熟记o account/consideration将考虑在内take measures/steps采取措施reach/come to/arrive at an agreement达成协议或一致意见keep pany陪伴某人 make a difference起作用；与众不同find fault with sb.对某人吹毛求疵；找某人的岔子attach importance/significance to认为很重要；强调make/leave an impression on sb.给某人留下印象make room for.为让空make a bargain讨价还价take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信take advantage of利用take/run a risk；take a chance冒险考题印证1He and his partner made a _ to share the latest information in business.Asense Bjudgment Cheadline Dbargain 解析句意为：他和他的生意伙伴讨价还价来分享最新的商业信息。make a bargain“讨价还价”。2James took the magazines off the little table to make_for the television. Aroom Barea Cfield Dposition解析句意为：James从小桌上取走杂志，腾出空来放电视机。make room for.“为腾出空间”；make与其他三项构不成固定搭配，含义上也讲不通。3The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients，so he has a very good_. Aexpectation Breputation Ccontribution Dcivilization解析句意为：这位医生在治疗心脏病方面技术精湛，并且从不接受病人的礼物，所以他获得了非常好的名声。expectation“期望，预料”；reputation“名声”；contribution“贡献”；civilization“文明”。4Everybody knows the saying that you may know a man by the _ he keeps.Apartner Bneighbor Ccompany Dfriend解析句意为：每个人都知道“察其友知其人”这个谚语。此处的company表示“同伴，朋友”，(that/who/whom) he keeps是定语从句，修饰这一先行词。5Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of childrens _. Atouch Bsight Creach Ddistance解析句意为：永远都要记得把像刀子之类的危险品放在孩子们够不到的地方。out of ones reach固定短语，意为“在某人够不到的地方”。题点与题组命题点一名词在具体语境中的应用1Giving up my job to go back to fulltime education was a big _，but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.Aproject Bcommitment Ccompetition Dambition解析commitment“承诺；投入；花费”； project“计划；工程”；competition“竞争”；ambition“野心；志向”，哪个义项更适合题干呢？2Theres a _ in our office that when its somebodys birthday，he/she brings in a cake for us all to share. Atradition Bbalance Cconcern Drelationship解析句意为：在我们办公室有一个传统，那就是在某一个人过生日时，那个人就带一个蛋糕到办公室和大家一起分享。tradition“传统”；balance“平衡”；concern“担心”；relationship“关系”。3Whats the_，in your opinion，of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself？Asympathy Btheme Cobject Dpoint解析考查固定句型：Whats the point of doing.？“做有什么意义呢？”。4Donald doesnt have much patiencehe often loses his _.Acourage Bmind Cbalance Dtemper解析courage“勇气”；mind“记忆，理解”；balance“平衡”；temper“脾气”。由上句“他没有太多的耐心”可分析出他容易发脾气，选择哪个更佳呢？固定短语lose ones temper的意思你知道吗？5His letter was so confusing that I could hardly make any _ of it.Aexplanation Bmeaning Csense Dguess解析make sense of意为