过去分词作定语和表语PPT课件

,SubjectVerbagreement主谓一致,必修4Unit1Grammar,宝鸡市石油中学李刚,1,-,Objective,熟练识别集合名词的数，并掌握如何保持语句的主谓语一致。,2,-,1.FollowingJaneswayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.2.Janewarnsusthatourgroupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtybytheafternoonandsheisright.,Discovering,3,-,Theteam_somegoodplayers.(have)Theteam_handsome.(be),has,are,4,-,Thegroup_madeupofninestudents.(be)Thegroup_dancinghappily.(be),is,are,5,-,Thesingeranddancer_onthestage.(be),is,6,-,Aknifeandfork_usedtohavemeals.(be),is,7,-,主谓一致,主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则，也是英语和汉语区别很大的地方。,二、意义一致,三、就近原则,一、语法一致,SubjectverbAgreement主谓一致,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,8,-,主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。例如：Ioftenhelphimandheoftenhelpsme.我经常帮助他，他也经常帮助我。Weoftenhelpeachother.我们经常互相帮助。不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。,一、语法一致,9,-,主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数；主语形式为复数，而意义为单数，谓语动词用单数。如：Thecrowdweresurroundingthegovernmentofficial.人群包围了这位政府官员。Mathsishardtolearn.数学难学。,二、意义一致,10,-,就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。,三、就近原则,11,-,and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词有以下两种情况：and连接两个或两个以上不同的人或物作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：HeandIarebothstudentsofthisschool.我和他都是这个学校的学生。Timeandtidewaitfornoman.岁月不饶人。,注意的规则,12,-,A.表整体概念的并列结构：breadandbutterknifeandforkironandsteellawandorderB.配套事物：awatchandchainaneedleandthreadTheknifeandforkisonthedesk.,(2)如果连接两个或两个以上的并列结构是指同一个人或物，或指同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。,13,-,2.主语后面带有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,including,but等引导的短语时，谓语动词必须与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthegarden.老师和同学们正在花园里种树。,14,-,3.如果主语是不定式，动词-ing形式或主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做什么看起来很重要。Servingthepeopleismygreathappiness.为人民服务是我最大的幸福。,15,-,4.用连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisdiligent.班里的每个男孩女孩都很用功。,5.eachof+复数代词，谓语动词用单数。Eachofushassomethingtosay.我们每个人都有些话要说。,16,-,6.不定代词all,more,some,any,none等作主语时，谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数；但当它指代不可数名词时看作单数，谓语动词用单数。Alltheapplesarerotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alltheappleisrotten.整个苹果都烂了。Noneofusare/isperfect.人无完人。Noneofthemoneyisleft.一点钱也没剩下。,17,-,7.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Someoneiscallingyou.有人叫你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋里找不到什么东西。,18,-,8.名词如trousers,scissors,clothes,goods,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数；而形复义单的名词如news；以-ics结尾的学科名称如physics,politics,国名如theUnitedStates;报纸名如theNewTimes;书名如GreatExpectations(远大前程)；以及theUnitedNations作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,19,-,如：Thescissorsaresharp.Nonewsisgoodnews.GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyCharlesDickensin1860.,20,-,9.集体名词作主语，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数，主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时用单数，强调整体中的个体的用复数。这类名词有group,family,class,police,crowd,team,audience等。Hisfamilyisgoingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamilyareallmusiclovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。,21,-,10.有些名词单复数形式相同，作主语时，谓语动词由上下文决定。这类名词有means,deer,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,fish等。如：Noteverymeansisuseful.并非每种方法都有效。Notallmeansareuseful.并非所有的方法都有效。,22,-,11.表示一类人的“the+形容词(分词)”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a.Thesickintheaccidenthavebeentakentothehospital.b.Thelosthavebeenfound.,23,-,12.表示时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主语时，不管单复数形式，其谓语动词用单数。如：a.Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.30年的时间并不长。b.Twohoursisenoughformetofinishthework.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。,24,-,13.therestof,halfof,majorityof,partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,aplentyof,percentof以及分数词等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面名词的数，即就近原则。如：Apartofthestudentshavearrived.部分学生已到了。Apartoftheapplehasbeeneatenbythemouse.这个苹果的一部分被老鼠吃了。,25,-,14.在表存在的therebe句式中，主语是两个或多个并列名词（短语），be的形式与最近的一个名词（短语）保持一致。Thereisapen,twopencilsandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Therearetwopencils,apenandseveralbooksonthedesk.=Thereareseveralbooks,apenandtwopencilsonthedesk.,26,-,15.由here，there等引导的倒装句中，若主语不止一个时，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。如：a.Herecomesthebus.b.Hereisapenandtwobooksforyou.,27,-,16.用连词or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接并列主语时，谓语动词应与最近的主语保持一致。a.NeitheryounorIamwrong.NeitherInoryouarewrong.b.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherenjoyslisteningtothemusic.Notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentsenjoylisteningtothemusic.,28,-,Grammarpractice,29,-,1.Mathematics_thelanguageofscience.A.isB.aregoingtobeC.areD.were2.Agooddealofmoney_spentonbooks.A.haveB.hasC.havebeenD.hasbeen,30,-,3.Nottheteacher,butthestudents_lookingforwardtoseeingthefilm.A.isB.areC.amD.be4.His“SelectedPoems”_firstpublishedin1965.A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.havebeen,31,-,5.Awomanwithsomechildren_soon.A.iscomingB.arecomingC.hascomeD.havecome6.Nooneexceptmyparents_anythingaboutthis.A.knowB.knowsC.isknownD.areknown,32,-,7.Theteacheraswellasthestudents_thebookalready.A.hasreadB.havereadC.arereadingD.isreading8.Allbutone_intheaccident.A.waskilledB.werekilledC.willbekilledD.arekilled,33,-,9.Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentfordifferentreasons.A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;were10._ofthelandinthatdistrict_coveredwithtreesandgrass.A.Twofifth;isB.Twofifth;areC.Twofifths;isD.Twofifths;are,34,-,Review,“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如：are,were,have,work等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is,was,has,works等。,35,-,1.Didyougototheshowlastnight?Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_invited.(2008陕西)A.wereB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.was2.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents_discussingReadingSkillsthat_newlypublishedinAmerica.(2009四川)A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was,I.Multiplechoice.,36,-,3.Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?Becauselargequantitiesofwater_.(2009福建)A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted4.Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.(2009湖南)A.areB.isC.haveD.be,37,-,5.Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,_visitBeijingthissummer.(2009陕西)A.isgoingtoB.aregoingtoC.wasgoingtoD.