高考改错思路PPT课件

-,1,高考改错十大思路,湖北襄樊市第三十六中,Davild110,-,2,高考英语短文改错题，是命题者将中学生常犯的各种典型错误更集中、更系统地整理出来，放入一篇内容较为浅显、题材较为轻松的文章中设计而成的，它主要考查考生判断、发现、纠正语篇中语言错误的能力以及在语篇中综合、准确地运用英语能力，考生在该题的得分率较低。综观近十年的高考短文改错题，不难看出常见的改错十大思路是：一致关系、连接手段、平行结构、非谓语动词形式、删除冗言、冠词使用，名词数与格，词语搭配，词性分辨，行文逻辑等。现结合近三年的高考试题对这十大思路分析如下：,-,3,一、一致关系短文改错中所涉及到的一致关系包括主谓一致、时态一致和代词指代一致。谓语动词的单、复数形式要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，动词的时态要与时间状语或上下文的时态保持一致，代词所指的内容与其先行词在词性和数方面以及与其自身的指代，要在意义上保持一致。例如：1、(01春季)Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.2、(01春季)IthinkIlikedthoseclassesbecauseIfeltthatithelpedmeunderstandhowtheworldworks.3、(NMET2001)Theydidntwantmetodoanyworkathome.TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubjects.4、(2002春季)forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecake,heputtheminasecretplacethatIcouldntfind.5、(2002春季)Hesaidheisbusy.6、(NMET02)Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.7、(NMET03).andtriedtotranslateanythingintoEnglish.8、(NMET03)Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.,is-are,it-they,didntdont,them-it,is-was,them-us,anything-everything,word-words,-,4,二、连接手段连接不当会造成上下文不衔接。英语中句与句连接一般使用并列连词或从属连词。或若并列句，要判断句与句之间是并列、转折、选择、递进关系，还是让步关系。、从而选择恰当的连词，若为复合句，首先应判断内含何种从句，然后根据主、从句之间的关系判断连接词的使用是否正确，是否有遗漏或多余现象，要注意句子结构的完整性。例如：1、(01春季)IthinkIlikethoseclassesbecauseIfeltthattheyhelpedmeunderstandwhattheworldworks.2、(01春季)Inoneclass,Ilearneditrained.3、(02春季)Forexample,whenheboughtachocolatecakeheputinasecretplacewhereIcouldntfind.4、(NMET02)Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.,what-how,it前加why,find后加it,we前加when,-,5,三、平行结构平行结构是指两个或更多的具有相似或相同的句法功能的词、词组或从句并列在一起的结构，在表达相互平行的概念时，要使用相同的语法结构，即动词与动词并列，形容词与形容词并列，不定式与不定式并列，短语与短语并列。平行结构常使用等立连词and,but,or或连词词组notonlybutalso,not.but,eitheror,neithernor,aswellas等。例如：1、(NMET2002)Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.2、(NMET2003)Ifollowedheradviceandshouldputdown100wordsorsoeachday.3、(NMET2003)Shelikeditverymushandreadsittotheclass.,visiting-visited,reads-read,去掉Should,-,6,四、非谓语动词形式主要考查不定式符号to的多余或遗漏，to是介词还是不定式符号，现在分词与过去分词、动名词等。例如：1、(01年春季)Butthentherearealwaysmoremysterieslookinto.2、(01年春季)Afterlearnthebasicsofthesubject,nothingelseseemedverypracticaltome.3、(NMET01)MyparentslovemedearlyofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation.4、(02春季)Hedidntwantsharethingswithotherpeople.5、(02春季)Thatis,agameoftennismakinghimverybusy.6、(NMET03)SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaper.,look前加to,learn-learning,make前加to,want后加to,making-made,talk-talking,-,7,五、删除冗言造成冗言错误的原因主要由于汉英表达上的差异。对英语惯用语在使用上的细微差异，主要考程度副词和频度副词。如:muchmore,often等的多余，介词的多余，语义的重复，固定搭配中多余的词以及由于受汉语的影响而多用了某些词语等。例如：1、(NMET01)Likemostofmyschoolmates,Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters-inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild.2、(NMET01)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderthesameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalkabouttogether.3、(02春季)Forinstance,ononenightheplayedstrongandloudmusictillfouroclockinthemorning.4、(NMET02)Eveningcamedown.5、(NMET03)ThemainproblemwasinthatIalwaysthoughtinChinese.,去any,去about,去on,去down,去in,-,8,六、冠词的使用冠词是英语中特有的词，由于汉语中没有与之相对应的词，大家对它的用法感到难以掌握，高考英语短文改错题对冠词的考查几乎每年都有，但多数是考查其基本用法，如不可数名词泛指时前面多冠词；单数可数名词前少冠词不定冠词a，an与定冠词the的错误使用；固定搭配中冠词的误用等等。例如：1、(01春季)Forexample,whenIwasachild,therainwasamystery.2、(NMET01)Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof,butwedonotseemtogetmuchtimetotalktogether.3、(NMET02)Aseveryoneknows,itisfamousmountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.,去the,asamethesame,famous前加a,-,9,七、名词的数与格汉语中的名词没有单复数形式。英语则不同，如果英语的名词是可数名词，它有单复数形式。一般来讲，不可数名词没有复数式。例如：1、(01春季)Iusedtolovescienceclassallofthembiology,chemistry,geography,physics.2、(NMET02)Theydontwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatIllgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.3、Therearearoundonehundredwomanworkersinthisfactory.4、Themothertookgreatproudinherdaughter.5、DoyouknowheisafriendofJohn?,class-classes,subject-subjects,woman-women,proud-pride,JohnJohns,-,10,八、词语搭配这主要考查介词与动词，名词、形容词的固定搭配，副词与动词的固定搭配，及物动词后面介词或副词的多余以及不及物动词后面缺少介词，英语中的一些固定结构及习惯搭配等。例如：1、(NMET02)IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.2、(NMET03)Myteacheradvisedmetokeepmydiary.3、Thegreatdiscoveryisgreatimportanceinscience.4、Theartistisknownforeveryoneinthetown.5、Hefailedbuthewantedtotrythesecondtime.,去at,keepmydiarykeepadiary,is后加of,for-to,thesecondtimeasecondtime,-,11,九、词性分辨根据词在句中的位置与其它词的修饰与被修饰关系，判断词的正确使用形式，根据词在句子中不同的句法功能，使用与之相适应的词性。例如：1、(02春季)Heneverhelpedother.2、(02春季)Butheisdifferencenow.,十、行文逻辑这主要测试行文中not的有无；come与leave的误用;before与after的混用。例如：1、(NMET95)UncleBenwillalsogobackforChristmas.2、(NMET01)Whatthingsareinotherhomes,Iwonder.,otherothers或otherotherpeople,difference-different,go-come,What-How,-,12,短文改错例I：HaveyoueverheardAngelFalls?1、Itisahighestwaterfallintheworld,deepinthejungles2、ofVenezuela.FewhaseverseenAngelFalls.3、Thatisveryhardtogetthere.Ifyouwent4、inland,youwouldhavetotravelforweeksthrough5、thickjungles.Ifyouwentbyplane,itwouldtakeabout6、fourhours.Nooneknewaboutthishighwaterfallsince1930.7、Inthatyear,JamesAngel,Americanpilot,flewoverthearea.8、Suddenlyhesawawaterfall,thatseemed9、todropstraightoutoffromtheclouds.10、,heardheardof,a-the,has-have,That-It,inland-byland,正确,since-until,anAmerican,that-which,去掉from,-,13,短文改错例II.TodayIvisitedtheSmithsmyfirsttimevisit1,toaAmericanfamily.Theyliveinasmalltown.2,Itwasverykindforthemtomeetmeatthe3,railwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.4,TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeel5,athome.Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks.6,Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughing7,together.Theyeagertoknoweverythingabout8,Chinaandaskedmelotsofquestion.Infact,9,theyareplanningtovisitChinainthenextyear.10,去掉time,a-an,for-of,drove-drive,his-their,正确,have-had,eager前加were,question加s,去掉in,-,14,短文改错例III.Thejourneywaslongandtired.WeleftLondonatfiveoclock1,intheeveningandspenteight