教学主体和主导的关系高中英语阅读教学的主体与主导

教学主体和主导的关系高中英语阅读教学的主体与主导 笔者于5月14日赴杭州参加了由华东师大科教合作研究中心主办、浙江省杭州二中承办的“聚焦课堂名校名师课堂教学展示活动”。笔者所展示的课例是人教课标版高中英语必修3，Unit 5的第一课时A Trip on“The True North”的教学内容，课后得到了近百名与会同行一定的认可和指正。现将本课主要环节呈现如下： 【教学内容】 本课的中心话题是 _，通过一篇学生游历初步了解 _的一些基本情况，包括地理环境、主要城市以及自然资源等等。 【教学目标】 能够在一节课内让全体学生对 _初步了解，并有印象地说出三个特征词。 针对学生对所学国家相对陌生的实际情况，合理整合资源，通过自编的听力材料，让学生通过听力训练了解 _的基本国情知识。 通过精心设计的微型语境，训练学生结合上下文猜测词汇或词组大意的能力，进而为阅读顺利开展打下基础。 使学生体会略读、细读、预测和分析性阅读等阅读技巧，学会捕捉关键词和略写归纳等阅读表达技能。 使学生在一定地道语言的支持指导下，结合本文表达出一些正确的英语。 【教学过程】 步骤一：导入（Lead-in） T: Well，first of all，let us do a revision of describing some people. You are going to look at two different pictures about different people. Try to use some sentences on the screen to say what you see. Now，is that clear? Right，lets do it. 屏幕上呈现出大山和申雪、赵宏博名人的图片和相应的三个问题。学生根据相应的语言支持回答： S1: I think he is Da Shan，a TV presenter or a Xiangsheng artist. The reason why he is well-known is that he can speak very good Chinese and he often introduces us to foreign cultures. As for the third question，I guess/believe/think that he es from Canada. S2: The couple in the picture are ShengXue and Zhao Hongbo. They are both figure-skate athletes. They bee well-known for winning the gold medal in figure skating in xx Winter Olympic Games. As we all know，they achieved their dream in Vancouver，Canada. T:Good，in both pictures，you mentioned the same country. What is it? Ss:Canada. T:Bingo! You got it. Its Canada. Thats the country we are going to learn about today. We want to know about its location，its scenery，climate，some big cities as well as its national animals and plants. 设计意图：利用学生耳熟能详的人物，激发学生参与的兴趣，巧妙引出主题，划线语言的提供让学生在自信表达的同时，又能够学到类似话题的地道口语句式。 下一步展示 _地图，让学生凭借地图以及自身积累，先试用三个词或短语作为第一印象来描述 _。 设计意图：以便于本课阅读后，有所对比，从而加深阅读效果。 步骤二：听力（Listening） T: Alright. You just give your first impression of Canada. Now，lets listen to a short passage，lets see what a foreigner thinks about Canada. Try to catch some important details for the following exercises. OK，lets have a go. （1）Is Canada the largest country in the world? If not，give the right answer. （2）What language （s） do Canadians speak? A. English. B. English and German. C. English and French.D. English and Spanish. （3）What is the national animal of Canada? A. Beaver.B. Grizzly bear. C. Polar bear. D. Penguin. （4）Which is the national flag of Canada? A. B. C. D. （5）How many Great Lakes are there in Canada? A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 6 （6）What is the Canadian leader called? A. President.B. Prime Minister. C. Governor. D. King. （7）What is the capital of Canada? A. Vancouver. B. Toronto.C. Calgary. D. Ottawa. （8）The xx Winter Olympics were held in. A. Vancouver. B. Toronto. C. Calgary.D. Ottawa. 设计意图：关于 _的背景知识，相对于英国、美国等国家，许多学生还是较为陌生，所以笔者整合课本知识，将课本第33页的背景知识测试，改编成听力活动，由外籍教师朗读，编制成听力材料。既可以贯彻英语课地道英语的定量输入目标，又可以让学生在理解语篇基础上确定地得到背景答案，少了盲目性，也为下一步活动奠定基础。 步骤三：猜测生词（组）（word/phrase-guessing） T:Before we go into the text，we still need to know some new words and expressions. You are going to use the following nine real-life situations to guess the meanings of the words or phrases.Do not use a translator or a dictionary. Just guess aording to the sentences. Got it? Right，lets do it. What does each of the underlined words most probably mean? 1.Canada is a multicultural country，with people from European，Asian and African countries. A. of many cultures B. of few culture C. of a single culture 2. Every time he goes abroad，he will take a lot of baggage，including his books and clothes. A. passengers B. suitcases or bags C. photos D. time 3. A crowd of excited fans suddenly surrounded her and she couldnt get out. A. be on every side B. be on one side C. be upside D. be far from 3. In spite of heavy traffic，we managed to get to the airport in time. How lucky we were! A. decided B. hoped C. failed D. were able 4. Canadas population is only slightly over thirty million，so it is pretty small for a big country，isnt it?. A. muchB. a little bit 5. Looking eastward，you will see the rising sun every morning. A. in the direction of the east B. away from the direction of the east 6.After dinner，they were back in an urban area，the busy port city of Hangzhou. A. city B. countryside C. space D. mountain 7. Rather than taking （take） a plane，they decided to take a train to Montreal. A. More than B. Less than C. Instead of D. In addition to 8. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes. A. are poor at B. are good at C. are afraid of D. are tired of T: Time is up. Lets check it one by one. Do tell me the reason for your choice. 学生逐一回答，并用英语表达猜测根据，教师适时作出总结和评价。 设计意图：关注了考试大纲以及高考英语阅读题命题原则对阅读课导向作用，利用合理语境，训练学生猜测词汇的能力，为其正确阅读以及学习生词提供良好示范。所选句子大多数都是与本课对象 _有关，也让学生多次反复接触本课话题，有足够的语言输入。 步骤四：根据题目预测大意 T: Now，with so many preparations for reading，lets e into the text. Look at the title and the photo. Can you guess what the passage is all about and what the “true north” in the title refers to? 设计意图：训练学生根据题目预测文章信息大意，调动已有的背景知识，激发其进一步快速阅读兴趣，使学生处于主动认知的状态。 步骤五：快速阅读（fast-reading） 在几位学生给出不同答案后，教师总结： T: Well，lets see whether you are right or not together with two Chinese girls Li Daiyu and Liu Qian. Read the passage quickly to check your prediction and at the same time mark their travel route on the map. Finish the travel route: China Rocky Mountains a wheat-growing province Lake SuperiorMontreal 设计意图：培养学生的快速查找信息的能力，同时也有意识地剔除次要信息，指导学生重点关注本课要学习的 _几大城市。为下一步重点认识它们作好铺垫。 步骤六：细读（careful reading） T: Now we are going to follow their trip. Lets get to know the first city in Canada. Thats Vancouver，in Paragraph 2. Read from line 15 to line 20 carefully，thinking about more details about this city on your paper sheet. T: Back to their journey. The next city should be Calgary. Read Paragraph 3 carefully，with the following two questions in mind，to have a closer look at this interesting city. Calgary：1.What is Calgary famous for? （within 3 words） 2. What do cowboys do in Calgary Stampede?（within 10 words） T: After dinner，they went to the third city called Thunder Bay. Find the key words for this city in Paragraph 4. Thunder Bay：It is in_areas，a busy_city at the top of_. T:When it es to the Great Lakes，we heard about them in the previous listening material. Now read Paragraph 4 from Line 27 to the end，and find out why they are so important to Canada. The Great Lakes：Why are the Great Lakes so important to Canada? （within 15 words） 设计意图：围绕着旅行线路中的主要大城市细读，让学生在有限的时间内有针对性地快速对文章主要信息（Vancouver，Calgary，Thunder Bay，the Great Walls）有所了解，而填写表格，用关键词表达，限词归纳等不同任务形式的设计让学生在不同方面的阅读技能上有所训练。也为本课引导学生初步了解 _的目标积累重要的语言表达素材。 步骤七：总结（Summary） 活动一： T: Well done. Class. Now try to create your own summary based on what you just learn in this lesson. Cover the key points on the screen while paying attention to the underlined linking words，will you?Think about it and practise it with your partner. S1:Two girls，Li Daiyu and Liu Qian were on a trip in Canada. Rather than take the plane all the way，they decided to take a train from west to east. On the way they visited such cities as Vancouver，Calgary and Thunder Bay. Also，they learned some basic facts about Canada as follows. Firstly，the distance from west to east coast is 5，500 kilometers. Secondly，the population is only slightly over 30 million. Thirdly，most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometers of the USA border. Finally，the largest fresh water is in the Great Lakes. 活动二： T：Remember what I asked you about thirty minutes ago on three words about Canada? After getting more basic facts about Canada，have I made a difference? In other words，again if you have three words or phrases to describe Canada，what would you like to use this time? I am going to divide you into four groups. Group A three nouns（名词）. Group Bthree adjectives（形容词）. Group Cthree cities. Group Dthree numbers. T: As usual，you will have my language support as shown on the screen. Now discuss with your group mates and then choose one member to give a presentation on your behalf. Useful language: To begin with（In the first place），I would use（say），because Next es the second word（phrase）for the reason that Finally，the third word that es to my mind is，as you can see 设计意图： 通过正确英语引导，让学生结合本课所学知识，用地道英语表达出来。在活动（一）中，学生在温故知识，整合输入语言的同时，也对叙事总结中的关联词的使用结合语境有直观了解。在活动（二）中，学生能够分小组讨论，从四个不同方面对本课所学的内容再次用三词概括，既在教师正确引导下，根据提供的语言支持进行地道输出训练，又与前面自己对 _初步用三个词归纳练习形成呼应，直观感受自己在本课的收获。同时在讨论回答中培养了用所学知识进行巩固和提高运用能力。 步骤八：家庭作业（Homework）: 1. Find difficult phrases or sentences to be solved for next lesson. 2. Introduce Hangzhou using the sentences learned today. 3. Make a brief parison between Canada and China. 设计意图：本课为第一课时，背景知识的了解后，必然要解决语言知识，提前预习重难点为下一课时奠定基础。同时，继续根据本课所学知识技能，让学生在新的情境下继续巩固运用。 几点思考： 1.本节课采用了任务型教学模式，秉承我校长期坚持的“为用而学，在用中学”的英语教