高中英语 4.6《 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars》课件 新人教版必修3

,新课标人教版课件系列,高中英语必修3-4.6,Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars,Whatsubjectsdoyoulearnatschool?,ChineseEnglishmathematicsphysicschemistry,geographybiologyhistory,physicschemistrybiologygeologymathematics,MedicineBiochemistryGeophysicsAstronomy,Sciencesubjects,Frontierscience,Warmingup,medicinebiologychemistry,astronomyphysicsmathematics,geophysicsgeologyphysics,biochemistrybiologychemistry,Astronomyisthescientificstudyoftheuniverseandtheheavenbodies(suchasthesun,themoon,andstars),gas,anddustwithinit.,astronomer,Doyouknowthefollowingscientists?Whoarethey?Whathavetheydiscovered?,IsaacNewton,牛顿16421727,Universalgravitation万有引力,Einstein,Albert(1879-1955)爱因斯坦,Relativity（相对论）andtheCosmos（宇宙）,Thetheoryaboutblackholes（黑洞理论）,霍金,Solarsystem,水星最接近太阳，是太阳系中第二小行星。水星的英文名字Mercury来自罗马神墨丘利。墨丘利也就是希腊神话中的Hermes。或许由于水星在空中移动得快，才使它得到这个名字。金星是离太阳第二近，太阳系中第六大行星。古希腊人称之为Aphrodite(阿芙罗狄蒂)，是希腊神话中爱与美的女神。而在罗马神话中爱与美的女神是维纳斯Venus，因此金星也称做“维纳斯”。地球是距太阳第三颗，它是太阳系类地行星中最大的一颗，也是太阳系第五大行星，行星年龄估计大约有45亿年(4.5109)。地球是唯一一个不是从希腊或罗马神中得到的名字。Earth一词来自于古英语及日耳曼语。这里当然有许多其他语言的命名。在罗马神话中，地球女神叫Tellus肥沃的土地。火星为距太阳第四远，也是太阳系中第七大行星。因为火星在夜空中看起来是血红色的，所以在西方，以罗马神话中的战神Mars命名它。,木星是离太阳第五颗行星，而且是最大的一颗。木星是天空中第四亮的物体。木星是自转最快的行星。在西方称它为朱庇特Jupiter，是罗马神话中的众神之王，相当于希腊神话中的宙斯（Zeus）。土星是离太阳第六远的行星。是太阳系中仅次于木星的第二大行星。中国古代称之为镇星或填星。土星的英文名字Saturn（以及其他绝大部分欧洲语言中的土星名称）是以罗马神的农神萨杜恩命名的。希腊神话中的农神Cronus是Uranus（天王星）和该亚的儿子，也是宙斯的父亲。,天王星是太阳系中离太阳第七远行星，颜色为灰蓝色，是一颗巨型气体行星(GasGiant)。以直径计算，天王星是太阳系第三大行星；天王星的命名，是取自希腊神话的天神乌拉诺斯Uranus。乌拉诺斯是古希腊神话中的宇宙之神，是最早的至高无上的神。他是该亚的儿子兼配偶，是Cronus（农神土星）、独眼巨人和泰坦（奥林匹斯山神的前辈）的父亲。海王星为太阳系九大行星中的第八个，是一个巨行星。海王星。目前海王星是太阳系内离太阳第二远的行星。海王星的名字是罗马神话中的海神涅普顿（Neptune）。古希腊神话中海神叫波塞冬(Poseidon)。,1.Doyouknowhowdidtheuniversebegin?,Eachreligionorculturehasitsownideasaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse?,Pre-reading,Panguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.,Panguseparatestheskyfromtheearth,Panguseparatedtheearthandskywithanax.Afterhedied,hisbreathbecamewindandcloud;hisvoicebecamethunderandhislefteyesunandrightonemoon;armsandlegsbecameedgesandmountains;bloodbecameriversandtendon(筋脉)becameroads;musclesbecamefieldsandhairstars;teethandbonesbecamemetals,pearlsandjade;sweatbecamerain.,Otherlegendsaboutthebeginningofuniverse,HolyBible,TheBiblicalAccount,Day1:GodspokeandseparatedlightfromdarknesscreatingDayandNightDay2:GodspokeandseparatedthewatercreatingskyandoceanDay3:Godspokeandcreateddryland,上帝创世说：,Day4:Godspokeandcreatedthesun,moonandstarsDay5:GodspokeandcreatedlivingcreaturesintheairandseaDay6:GodspokeandcreatedthelandanimalsandmanDay7:GodrestedandblessedthisdaycallingitHoly,Brahman(婆罗门)isthegodfirstrepresentedintheHinduTriad.Heisthecreatoroftheuniverseandalllivingbeingsaresaidtohaveevolvedfromhim.,India,Doyouknowtheoriginofthehumanbeings?,Manhadevolvedfromapes.,Earth,Howlifebeganontheearth,TheBigBang,BigBang,Asolidball,Atmosphere,Theearth,Itwasfullofwater.,Originalcells.,Thecellsinthewaterbegantoseparate.,water,Plantsinthewater,Shellfishandfish,Plantsonland,Insectsandamphibians,Reptiles,Dinosaurs,Mammals,Manhadevolvedfromapes.,water,greenplantsonland,2,34,Howlifebeganontheearth,Analysing,5678,forests,shellfishandallsortsoffish,insects(onland)amphibians(onlandandinwater),reptiles(onland)dinosaurs(onland)mammals(onland)smallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeethuman,smallplantsinwater,1,Reading,HowLifeBeganontheEarth,AcloudofdustCombineintoasolidballExplodewithfirebillionsofgalaxies,inauniversethatisinfiniteandexpanding;bigbang;blackhole;adarkmatter;apossibleBigCrunch.,Learningtounderstandwhatwesee.,_theuniverseislikehasattractedStephenHawkingallhislife._isclearandsimpleabouttheuniversehasalwaysseemedtoodifficultforustoanswer._theuniverseexiststhewayitdoesisamajorquestiontoallthosewhohavelookedatstarslikeHawking._hasdevelopedovertwothousandyearsofobservationhastobegreatlyrevised._intheuniverseweliveisnotthecentre,butoneofthemineplanetsorbitingthesun,whichisjustoneofmillionsofstarsinourownMilkyWaygalaxy.,What,What,Why,What,where,6._weunderstandtheuniverseisthetimewhenwehumanbeingswillhaveansweredallthequestions.7._wecanhaveacompletepictureoftheuniversedependsonlearningtounderstandwhatwesee.8._Hawkingwantstotellusinthistextisthatweshouldstudytheuniverse,andunderstandit.,When,How,What,做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有从属连词that,whether，连接代词who,what,which，连接副词when,where,how,why等。,1.连接词：,1）从属连词：that，whether等.that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.Thathewillcomeiscertain.,2)连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoever,Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.,由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。,Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.Whethershescomingornotdoesntmattertoomuch.,3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。,Whyhediditremainsamystery.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.,2.位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。,1）It+be+表语+主语从句表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）,Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.ItistruethatItoldhereverything.,Itisapitythatwecantgo.Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.ItisanhonourthatIwasinvitedtoattendthemeeting.,ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanothermanmadeearthsatelliteintoorbit.,2）It+不及物动词或短语+主语从句Itseemed(happened,doesntmatter,hasturnedout)that,Ithappensthattheywereabsent.ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.,Itdoesntmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.,3)It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句,IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。,误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.,1.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesntmatter_thatImtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom,2.Itisprettywellunderstood_controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how,3._madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;thatC.That;whatD.That;because,4._wewillgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where5._thattheycanpassthewrittenexamthistime.A.ThatishopedB.ItishopedC.IthopesD.Thathopes,6.Itwasdoubtful_Maryreallyheardhim.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what,Readingcomprehension:,PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese:Whatitwastobecomewasamysteryuntilthedustbegantoslowlycombineintoaballmovingaroundthesun.随后它会变成什么曾经是一个谜，直到最后这团尘埃开始慢慢地合成一个环绕太阳运转的球状物。2.Theproblemwasthattheearthbecameviolentbecauseitwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.问题是地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。,3.Itallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgases,whichhadbecomepartoftheearthsatmosphere,intotheoceansandseas.,它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体，溶解在海洋里。,4.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.,在未来的千百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。,Homework,Reviewthesubjectiveclause.Finishtheexerciseontheworkbook.,Languagepoints,Period5,1.Whatitwastobecomewasamysteryuntilthedustbegantoslowlycombineintoaballmovingaroundthesun.,_（使大家吃惊的是）isthathedidntcometothemeeting.,Whatsurprisedeverybody,2._（他所做的）addedtoourdifficulty.,Whathedid,_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what_madetheschoolproudwas_morethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.What;becauseB.What;that;C.That;whatD.That;because,A,B,2.Theproblemwasthattheearthbecameviolentbecauseitwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewastolastornot.问题是地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续下去。,n.固体solid,liquid,gasadj.固体的；实心的,无空隙的；结实的，坚固的,solidfuelssolidfoodasolidspheresolidfurnitureamanofsolidbuild,1)Matterhasthreestates:solid,liquidandgas.,2)Whenwaterfreezes,itbecomessolidandwecallitice.,beto(do):(something)willdefinitelyhappen,oritmusthappen不可避免要发生或必须发生,e.g.Theysaidgoodbye,littleknowingthattheywerenevertomeetagain.Sheistobehonouredforthisgreatwork.Mr.Clarksaidtohisdaughter,“Youaretobehomeby10oclockatthelatest.”,3.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducethewatervapour,1).（使某物）炸开，爆炸,2).（指感情）激发,3).（指人口）突然或迅速增加,Thefireworkexplodedinhishandandhewashurtseriously.,Iwasfrightenedwhensheexplodedintoloudlaughter.,Nowitisnoteasytofindjobswiththeexplodingpopulation.,explosionn.爆炸（声）,explosiveadj.爆炸性的，易爆炸的n.炸药，爆炸物,intime(forsth/todosth):notlate及时；不迟Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她来得及回来准备晚饭。,intime:soonerorlater;eventually迟早；最后Illseehimintime.总有一天我会遇见他。,in/outoftime:in/notinthecorrecttime合/不合节拍Theaudienceclappedintimetothemusic.观众合着音乐的节拍拍手。,4.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.随着地球的冷却,地球的表面就开始出现了水。,cooladj.凉快；冷静；冷淡,v.（使）变冷；冷静下来,1)Letssitintheshadeandgetcool.2)IknewIhadtokeepcool.3)Hisplayreceivedacoolresponsefromthepublic.,4)Therainhascooledtheair.5)Letyoursoupcoolalittlebeforeyoudrinkit.6)Aheatedargumentcanbesettledbetterifbothsidescooldownfirst.7)Itriedtocoolherdownbutshewasstillveryangrywhensheleft.,5.Nobodyknewthatitwasgoingtobedifferentfromotherplanetsgoingroundthesun.,bevery/much/quite/entirely/totallydifferentfrom与不同,Citylifeisquitedifferentfromcountrylife.,1）城市生活和农村生活很不同。,2）他们的品位和我不同。,Theirtastesaredifferentfrommine.,Therearedifferencesbetweenand与之间有不同之处tellfrom把与区分开来thesameas与一样besimilarto与相似,goingroundthesun为现在分词短语，做定语，表示一般的动作。例如：,Menbreakingthelawwillbepunished.Menwhobreakthelawwillbepunished.,现在分词短语作定语，也可表示进行的动作。例如：,Canyouseethegirldancingwithyourboyfriend?Canyouseethegirlwhoisdancingwithherboyfriend?,你能看到与男友跳舞的那个姑娘吗？,6.Itallowstheearthtodissolveharmfulgases,which,allowvt.允许、许可、容许allow+n./pron./doingallowsb.todobeallowedtodo,Myfatherdoesntallowsmokingathome.Infacthedoesntallowustosmokeanywhereatanytime.,父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。,Areweallowedtousethecomputer?,我们可以用电脑么？,beharmfulto对有害,doharmtosb.=dosb.harm伤害某人，对某人有害处,1)Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals.,2)Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm.,it作形式宾语，其真正的宾语可以是不定式，动名词和从句。,TheforeignMinistersaid,“_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”(2004BJ)A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis,2.Ilike_intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(NMET2004)A.thisB.thatC.itD.one,3.Whydontyoubring_tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit?A.thisB.thatC.whatD.it,D,C,D,7.Thatmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.,4.Why?Ihavenothingtoconfess._youwantmetosay?A.WhatisitthatB.WhatitisthatC.HowisitthatD.Howitisthat5.Wasitattheschool_wasnamedafterahero_hespenthischildhood?A.which;thatB.where;whereC.that;whereD.which;where,A,A,8.Theymultipliedandfilledthefirstoceansandseaswithoxygen.,multiply(数目上)增加，增多；乘；（使）繁殖,1)Ourproblemshavemultipliedsincelastyear.,2)2and5multiplytomake10.,4)Theplantsheremultiplyrapidly.,3)6multipliedby5is30.,=Multiply6by5tomake30.,9.Thisencouragedthedevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.,encourage鼓舞；促进；怂恿。后接名词、代词，也可接不定式作宾语补足语。如：,Highpricesforcornandwheatwillencouragefarming.,玉米和小麦的高价将促进农业的发展。,Mysuccessencouragedmetocontinue.,我的成功鼓励我继续干下去。,Heencouragedmetolearndancing.,他鼓励我去学跳舞。,development(1)U成长,发育；发展(过程)；扩展,Thedevelopmentofthisindustrywilltakeseveralyears.这项工业的发展要经过几年的时间。,(2)C开发区,新社区anewhousingdevelopment新建住宅区,(3)C进化,进展；新情况,新闻Whatarethelatestdevelopments?Theuseofcomputersinteachingisarecentdevelopment.教学上使用计算机是新近才有的事.,10.Manymillionsofyearslaterthefirstgreenplantsbegantoappearonland.,late,adj.迟到的，晚的；前任的；以前的；已故的,later,adv.后来，较晚时候,过后adj.late的比较级(更迟的,更后的),latest,adj.最新的,lately,adv.=recently近来,1)Mr.ZhuRongjiisthelatePrimeMinisterofChina.,3)Shesaidshewouldringyoulaterthismorning.,5)Itsonlylatelythatshehasbeenwellenoughtogoout.,2)Heisoftenlateforschool.,4)Haveyouheardaboutthelatestnews?,11.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,reptilesappearedforthefirsttime.,Sheisgrowingintoabeautifulyoungwoman.她渐渐出落成一个美丽的姑娘。,生长成为,渐渐成为或变得（不用于被动语态）,12.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.,Itsgenerallybelievedthat一般认为,generallyspeaking一般而言，概括来说,1)Itsgenerallybelievedthatgirlsworkharderthanboysdo.,2)Generallyspeaking,womencrymoreeasilythanmen.,Thenaughtyboy_tomethatthehenthat_therejustnowhad_twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laid,D,13.Smallcleveranimals,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth.,vi.,散布,传播，蔓延,伸展，扩展,vt.,铺开，摊开,1)Thenewsspreadthroughtheschoolveryquickly.2)Theresadesertspreadingforhundredsofmiles.,3)Hespreadouthisarmstowelcomeus.4)Ispreadanewclothonthetable.,14.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.,阻止某人做某事:,preventsb.(from)doingsth.,stopsb.(from)doingsth.,keepsb.fromdoingsth.,1)Wemustpreventthemfrommakingtrouble.,2)Youshouldpreventthechildfrominjuringhimself.,Ifnothingprevents,如果没有什么阻碍的话,15.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.,dependon,sb./sth.,sb.todosth.sb.doingsth.,sb./sth.forsth.,相信，信赖,依靠,依赖,视而定，取决于,1)Whenyouareinastrangeplaceyoudbetterdependonthemap.,2)Youcantdependonotherstohelpyou.,3)Alllivingthingsdependonthesunfortheirgrowth.4)Hedependsonhispenforhisliving.,wh-,5)Youcandependonhim.Hellleadyouthere.6)Successdependsonyourownhardwork.7)Oursuccessdependsonwhethereveryoneworkshard.,dependonit没问题，请放心（句末或句首）,That/It(all)depends.那得看情况而定,1)Dependonit,youllsucceed.,2)Hemaysupportme,butitdepends.,Tellhimwhatyouwanttosay;hesamanto_.A.