Learningaboutlanauage.ppt

Grammar,Grammar,Modalverbs,1.情态动词有一定的意义，只表示期待或估计某事的发生，不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情。2.没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。3.不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语。4.情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接动词原形5.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。,只作情态动词的can/could,may/might,oughtto,must,可情态可实义的need,dare/dared,可情态可助动词的shall/should,will/would,相当于情态动词的haveto,usedto,情态动词的语法特征,1.Sohecancarryheavybooks.2.Hecouldntopenthedoorbyhimself.3.Couldyouopenthedoor,please?,Themodalverbs“can”and“couldnt”meanonesabilitytodosomething.Theyaresimilarto“beabletodosomething”.“could”inthethirdsentencemeansmakingarequest.,Must,can/could,may/might的用法,must,1.Must表示推测时，只能用于肯定句。,mustdo对一般时的肯定推测,musthavedone对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断,mustbedoing对现在的动作进行肯定推测,他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱,Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Theymusthavealotofmoney.,他现在一定在看小说,Hemustbereadingnovelsnow.,路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.,can/could,1.can/could表示推测时，只能用在否定句或疑问句中。,Itssolate.CanTombereading?,这么晚了，汤姆还在看书吗？,这个人不可能是玛丽，她生病了。,ItcantbeMary.Shehasfallenill.,她不可能在说谎。,Shecouldntbetellinglies.,2.can/couldnothavedone对过去发生行为进行推测:不可能做某事,刚才我还看见他了，所以他不可能出国的。,Isawhimjustnowsohecouldnthavegoneabroad.,门是锁着的，所以她不可能在家。,Thedoorwaslocked，,soshecouldnthavebeenathome.,3.can/couldhavedone“本可以，本可能做某事”用于肯定句中，表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断，,你本来可以考的更好。,Youcouldhavehadabettermark.,may/might,1.May/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。(maymight),她们明天可能会到这里来。,Theymaycomeheretomorrow.,他们可能还在等我们呢。,Theymaybestillwaitingforus.,2.might可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。,他也许在作功课吧。,Hemightbedoinghishomeworknow.,我问他我是否可以离开。,IaskedhimifImightleave.,Iaskedhim“MayIleavenow?”,3.might/mayhavedone,表示对过去发生的动作进行可能性推测，,他可能去医务室了。,Hemayhavegonetotheclinic.,他可能已经从报纸上知道这个消息了。,Hemighthavereadaboutthenewsinthenewspaper.,Will/Wouldyoudo?表请求，表意志，愿望，决心would表过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向“总是,总要”usedto表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常”usedto可于状态动词连用would不可以eg.Heusedtobeaquietboy.()Hewouldbeaquietboy.(),will/would,IfyouwillhelpmewithmyEnglish,Iwillbeveryhappy.,IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.,YoushalldoasIsay.(命令),1.在陈述句中,shall用于二、三人称表示允诺、警告、命令、决心等。,ShallIopenthewindowforyou？（征求意见）,2.在疑问句中,用于一、三人称，用来表示请求或征求意见。,shall,should和oughtto,Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow.(允诺),Nothingshallstopmedoingit.(决心),Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou？（请求）,Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.,3.should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与oughtto意义相近，但oughtto多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。,Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.,Yououghtnottogo.,Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.,Sheshouldnthaveleftwithoutsayingaword.,4.should/oughttohavedone表示责备或批评,意为“本应该但”,oughtto的语气更强烈,用于否定则表示“本不该但”,5.Should用于可能性推测时,表“应该，很可能”,Theyleftat5:30.Theyshouldgettherenow.,-Needhestartfromthebeginning?-Yes,hemust.-No,heneednt/doesnthaveto.,1.作情态动词时,仅用于否定或疑问句,后接动词原形,表“需要”,need,Youneedntreturnthebooknow.,2.neednthavedone表示做了本不必要做的事情,意为“本不必要”,OurcolorTVsetisstillgoodenough.Youneednthaveboughtanewone.,3.Need作实义动词时,表示“需要”，有人称、时态、和数的变化,Heneedstofinishitthisevening.Theclassroomneedscleaning.,1.作为情态动词用，常用在否定句和疑问句中。,Dare(need)+S+VS+darent(neednt)+V,Idarentwalkthroughtheforestatnight.Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?Youneedntreturnthebooknow.Needhegoyesterday?,可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare,2.作实义动词用，常用在肯定句中,有人称、时态、和数的变化,Heneedstogotherehimself.Hehasgrownup,wedontneedtoworryabouthim.,3.Sth(sb)need(want,request)+doing/tobedoneThehouseneedscleaning/tobecleanedTheboyneedssendingtothehospitalatonce.,句型时态动词情态动词dare实义动词dare肯定句现在时daredodare/darestodo过去时daredodaredtodo否定句现在时darent/darenotdodo/doesnotdare(to)do过去时darednotdodidnotdare(to)do疑问句现在时Darehedo?Doyou/Doeshedare(to)do?过去时Daredhedo?Didhedare(to)do,2.Iwonderhowhe_thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay,D,4.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we_soformally.AneedntdressB.didnthavetodressupC.MightnothavedressedupD.neednthavedressedup,D,1.判断正误:,Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?,HedarenttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?HedarentspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?,Exercises,Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.,Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.,用情态动词完成句子,1.Youvebeenworkingallday.You_beverytired.2.(Thedoorbellrings)Iwonderwhothatis.It_beLisa.Shesstillinthelibraryatthistime.3.Itisalongtimesincewemetlasttime.You_comeandseeusmoreoften.4.IhaventdecidedwhereImgoingformyholidays.I_gotoAustralia.5.Whowasthemantalkingwithyourteacher?-Imnotsure.It_beherbrother.6.Whenhewasthere,he_gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.7.You_playthepianowhilethebabyissleeping.8.Tom,pleaselendmeahand.Mydrawer_notopen,must,cant,should,may,might,would,mustnt,will,1Theflowerisdead.I_ityesterday.AshouldwaterBmustwaterCshouldhavewateredDmustnthavewatered2WhattimeoughtI_?AarrivedBarrivingCarriveDtoarrive3He_speaktohismotherlikethat.AoughtnottoBdoesntoughttoCnotoughttoDoughttonot4Idontthinkwedbetter_itanymore.AdiscussBdiscussingCtodiscussDdiscussed5Yououghtto_him,butyoudidnt.AhelpBhelpedChelpingDhavehelped,C,D,A,A,D,1.-Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.-You_havemycomputerifyoudonttakecareofit.A.shantB.mightnotC.needntD.shouldnt,A,2.-WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.-They_bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need,B,3.Withsomuchworkonhand,you_toseethegamelastnight.A.mustntgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldntgoD.shouldnthavegone,D,1.-Willyougoskatingwithmethiswintervacation?-It_.(2002上海)alldependedB.alldependsC.isalldependedD.isalldepending,解析：答案B。Italldepends是“不确定”、“看情况”的意思。,高考链接,B,2.Ifailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythen_theimportanceofstudies.(2004重庆)A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize,解析：答案为D.句首为“only+副词”时，句子要用部分倒装语序；根据语境应为一般过去时态。,D,3.-Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!-_.(2004全国)A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldIC.SamewithmeD.SodoI,答案B。第一个句子使用了would,用neither表示附和的意义时，助动词应与上文一致。,B,Whenyouareverysureofsomething,youusemustinpositivesentencesandcannotorcantinnegativesentences.,e.g.YoumustbeJeanne.ImMathildeLoisel.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.,Itcantbetrue!Idontbelieveit.,Whenyouarequitesureaboutsomething,youusecan.,e.g.Attendingaballcanbeexciting.,Practice1,Whenyouthinkthatsomethingispossible,butyouarenotverysure,youusecould,mayormight.,e.g.YoucouldborrowsomejewelleryfromyourfriendJeanne,whoismarriedtoarichman.,YoumaynotknowthatthenecklaceIreturnedisnottheonethatIhadborrowed.,Dontyouhaveafriendwhomightlendyousomejewellery?,1.Idontknowwheresheis,she_beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher_ourexampapers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Theroadiswet.It_lastnight.(rain)4.Yourmother_foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。,may,mustbemarking,musthaverained,musthavebeenlooking,5.Philip_seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.-Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.-She_(go)bybus.7.Mike_hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。,may(might)havebeenhurt,may(might)havegone,canthavefound,用情态动词完成句子1.Youvebeenworkingallday.You_beverytired.2.(Thedoorbellrings)Iwonderwhothatis.It_beLisa.Shesstillinthelibraryatthistime.3.Itisalongtimesincewemetlasttime.You_comeandseeusmoreoften.,must,cant,should,4.IhaventdecidedwhereImgoingformyholidays.I_gotoAustralia.5.Myfathersbirthdayisccoming.What_Igethim?6.Whydontyoutryonthisdress?It_lookniceonyou.,may,shall,will,7.“Whowasthemantalkingwithyourteacher?”“Imnotsure.It_beherbrother.”8.Idontknowwhentheguests_behere.They_arriveatanytime.,might,will,could,2.A:_XiaoFengfindtheoriginofEasterfromthatbook?B:No,he_.,1.A:_youliketogotoaspecialeventwithusonSaturday?B:Yes,I_.,Would,dliketogowithyouon,Saturday,Could,couldntfindit,Exercise,3.A:_Igowithmyfriendtotheharvestfestival?B:Yes,you_.,4.A:IfIwanttobeadoctor_Istudyscience?B:Yes,you_.,shouldstudyscience,May,maygo(withyour,should,friends),5.A:Heisveryhandsome._heplaytherole