Charles Dickens 4.ppt

CharlesDickens,1812-1870RepresentativeofEnglishCriticalRealism,Groupmember:黄蕴知胡宝云陈珊段水玲黄春陈露娟,ThecontentsLifeSocialattitudesMajorworksAnalysisofsomeofhisnovelsCharacteristicsofhisnovels,SocialAttitudes,hatesthestateapparatus,especiallytheParliamentbelievesinthestatespositiveroleinraisingthelivingstandardsoftheworkingclasssocialreformshouldworkinthedirectionofreducingaristocraticprivilegewantsimprovementinthelifeofthepoor,butisafraidofarealrevolutionAsabourgeoiswriter,hecaninnowaysupplyanyfundamentalsolutiontothesocialplights.,thefirstperiodMajorworksthesecondperiodthethirdperiod,1836-1841,1842-1850,1851-1870,Thefirstperiod,Periodofnaiveoptimist（天真的乐观）:fun,highspirit,naiveoptimist.Atthisstage,Charlesbelievedthatalltheevilsofthecapitalistworldwouldberemediedifonlymentreatedeachotherwithkindness,justicandsympatheticunderstanding.Charlesthoughtthatthewholesocialquestionwouldbesolvedifonlyeveryemployerreformedhimselfaccordingtothemodelsetbythebenevolentgentlemeninhisnovels.Thisnaiveoptimismischaracteristicofthepetty-bourgeoishumanitariansofhistime.,1)SketchesbyBoz(1836)博兹特写集,thefirstbook2)ThePickwickPapers(1837)匹克威克外传3).OliverTwist(1837-1838)奥克佛特维斯特，雾都孤儿4).NicholsNickleby(1838-1839)尼古拉斯尼克尔贝5).TheOldCuriosityShop(1840-1841)老古玩店6).BarnabyRudge(1841)巴纳比拉奇,Thesecondperiod,Periodofexcitement,irritation（激动和愤怒）:exposingthecorruptinginfluenceofwealthandpower,optimismturnedintodissatisfactionandirritation.Charlesssecondperiodbeganfrom1842,theyearafterhisfirstvisittoAmerica.Beforethevisit,DickensthoughtoftheUnitedStatesasaworldinwhichtherewerenoclassdivisionsandhumanrelationswerehumanitarian.Butwhatimpressedhimmostduringhisvisittherewastheruleofthedollarandtheenormouslycorruptiveinfluenceofwealthandpower.Dickenssnaiveoptimismtowardthecapitalistsocietywasprofoundlyshaken.,1)AmericanNotes(1842)美国札记2)MartinChuzzlewit(1843-1844)马丁朱述尔维特3)AChristmasCarol(1843)圣诞颂歌4)TheChimes教堂钟声5)TheCricketontheHearth灶上蟋蟀(以圣诞为题材,具有浓郁宗教色彩。)6)DombeyandSon(1847-1848)董贝父子7)DavidCopperfield(1849-1850)大卫科波菲尔,themostautobiographical,oneofthegreatestEnglishnovels,Thethirdperiod,APeriodofsteadilyintensifyingpessimism(强烈的悲观主义）,showingunderlyingtoneofbitterness,lossofhopeforEnglishbourgeoissociety.Inhisnovelsofthisperiod,Dickens,consciouslyandsubconsciously,showshimselfmoreandmoreatoddswithbourgeoissociety.,1)BleakHouse(1852-1853)荒凉山庄2)HardTimes(1854)艰难时世3)LittleDorrit(1855-1857)小杜丽4)ATaleofTwoCities(1859)双城记5)GreatExpectations(1860-1861)远大前程6)OurMutualFriend(1864-1865)我们的共同朋友7)EdwinDrood(unfinished)(1869)艾德温德鲁德之迷.,SelectedReading:OliverTwist,anovelsetinLondonandinruralEnglandinthe1830spresentsOliverTwistasDickenssfirstchildheroandcharacterswhoareallevilandcanbarelycomprehendgood,suchasFagin,Sikes,andMonks.OnlyNancycomprehendsandiscapableofbothgoodandevil.Herultimatechoicetodogoodatagreatpersonalcostisastrongargumentinfavoroftheincorruptibilityofbasicgoodness,nomatterhowmanyenvironmentalobstaclesitmayface.,Fagin,AlthoughDickensdeniedthatanti-SemitismhadinfluencedhisportraitofFagin,constantreferencestohimas“theJew”seemtoindicatethathisnegativetraitsareintimatelyconnectedtohisethnicidentity.However,Faginismorethanastatementofethnicprejudice.Heisarichlydrawn,resonantembodimentofterrifyingvillainy.Attimes,heseemslikeachildsdistortedvisionofpureevil.,ThethemesInOliverTwist,Dickensmixesgrimrealismandmercilesssatireasawaytodescribetheeffectsofindustrialismon19th-centuryEnglandandtocriticizetheharshnewPoorLaws.ThepowerlessnessofchildrenGoodsabilitytotriumphoverevilManshumanitytomanTheinhumanityofcitylifeundercapitalismTheoutcastssearchforstatusandidentityTheheinousnatureofcrimeandcriminals,Thankyou!,LifeBorninPortsmouth,EnglandonFeb.7,1812OnlyhadafewyearsofprivateeducationatWilliamGilessSchool,inChathambeforehisfatherwasimprisoned.Whenhewas12,heworkedinafactoryputtinglabelsonbottlesofshoepolish,helpingsupporthisfamily.Afterhisfatherwasparoled(假释),heattendedtheWellintonHouseAcademyinNorthLondon.DickensworkedatthelawofficeofEllisandBlackmore,attorneys,ofHolbornCourt,GrayInn,asajuniorclerkfromMay1827toNovember1828.,Portsmouth,unhappiesttime,father：extravagant,prisonfordebt,12岁blackingfactory,restartedschooling,alawyersoffice,parliamentaryreproter,15,shorthand,theBritishMuseumLiterary,writingcareerin1833,Chatham,Marshalsea,Chatham,Dickensshome1817-1822,In1833,DickenspublishedaseriesofstoriesandsketchesinMonthlyMagazineandEveningChronicle.Hisfirstnovel,ThePickwickPapers,inMarch1836.In1836,DickensacceptedthejobofeditorofBentleyMiscellary,apositionheheldforthreeyears.On2April1836,hemarriedCatherineThomsonHograh(18161879).Theyhad10children.In1842,DickensandhiswifemadehisfirsttriptotheUnitedStatesandCanada.AndthefollowinghedidseveraltravelstoEurope.Inhismiddleyears,hecreatedHouseholdsWordandAlltheyearround.Duetohishardworkingallhislife,hefinallysufferedseriousdisease(apoplexy)anddiedin1870.,CharlesDickens,他生活在英国由半封建社会向工业资本主义社会的过渡时期。其作品广泛而深刻地描写这时期社会生活的各个方面，鲜明而生动地刻画了各阶层的代表人物形象，并从人道主义出发对各种丑恶的社会现象及其代表人物进行揭露批判，对劳动人民的苦难及其反抗斗争给以同情和支持。但同时他也宣扬以“仁爱”为中心的忍让宽恕和阶级调和思想。对劳动人民的反抗斗争抱行动上支持而道德上否定的矛盾态度。表现了他的现实主义的强大力量和软弱空想。狄更斯一生共创作了14部长篇小说，许多中、短篇小说和杂文、游记、戏剧、小品。其中最著名的作品是描写劳资矛盾的长篇代表作艰难时期（1854）和描写1789年法国革命的另一篇代表作双城记（1859）。前者展示了工业资本家对工人的残酷剥削和压迫，描写了工人阶级的团结斗争，并批判了为资本家剥削辩护的自由竞争原则和功利主义学说。后者以法国贵族的荒淫残暴、人民群众的重重苦难和法国大革命的历史威力，来影射当时的英国社会现实，预示这场“可怕的大火”也将在法国重演。其他作品有奥列佛特维斯特（又译雾都孤儿1838）、老古玩店（1841），董贝父子（1848），大卫科波菲尔（1850）和远大前程（1861），等等。狄更斯是19世纪英国现实主义文学的主要代表。艺术上以妙趣横生的幽默、细致入微的心理分析，以及现实主义描写与浪漫主义气氛的有机结合著称。马克思把他和萨克雷等称誉为英国的“一批杰出的小说家”。,PoetsCorner,CharlesDickensdiesbystrokeonJune9,1870andhewasburiedatWestminsterAbbeyinthePoetsCorner.,Hewasasympathisertothepoor,thesuffering,andtheoppressed;andbyhisdeath,oneofEnglandsgreatestwritersislosttotheworld.-writtenonhisgravestone他是贫穷、受苦与被压迫人民的同情者；他的去世令世界失去了一位伟大的英国作家。写在狄更斯的墓碑上,DistinctFeaturesofDickensNovels,1)Characterportrayal&ExaggerationCharacterportrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhisworks.Amongavastrangeofvariouscharacters,markedoutbysomepeculiarityinphysicaltraits,speechormanner,arebothtypesandindividuals.Hisbest-depictedcharactersarethoseinnocent,virtuous,persecuted,helplesschildcharacterssuchasOliverTwist,LittleNell,DavidCopperfieldandLittleDorrit.Dickenswritesbestwhenhewritesfromthechildspointofview.,AndheisalsofamousforthedepictionofthosehorribleandgrotesquecharacterslikeFagin,BillSikes,andQuilp,andthosebroadlyhumorousorcomicaloneslikeMr.Micawber,SamWeller,andMrs.Gamp.However,thesecharactersareimpressivenotonlybecausetheyaretruetolife,butalsobecausetheyareoftenlargerthanlife.Theyare,inaway,theembodimentsofhumanbeings,withsomeparticularfeaturesexaggeratedandhighlighted,exposedtothedegreeofextremity.,2)BroadHumor&PenetratingSatireDickensiswellknownasahumoristaswellasasatirist.Hesometimesemployshumortoenlivenasceneorlightenacharacterbymakingit(himorher)eccentric,whimsical,orlaughable.Sometimesheusessatiretoridiculehumanfolliesorvices,withthepurposeoflaughingthemoutofexistenceorbringaboutreform.,Asamasterofcharacterization,Dickenswasskillfulindrawingvividcaricaturalsketchesbyexaggeratingsomepeculiarities,&ingivingthemexactlytheac