高中英语句子成分分析90575.ppt

句子成分MembersofaSentence,句子成分,定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语、同位语,1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.,主语,谓语,定语,宾语,状语,主语（subject）说明的人或事物,Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.,Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（从句）Itisveryclearthatthesunrisesintheeast.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,找出句中主语,谓语（predictate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill.Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesntseemtolikedancing,（三）宾语（Object）,表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于动词和介词后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.,（名词）,（代词）,（名词、数词）,4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.,（名词化形容词，名词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,直接宾语和间接宾语有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语,分为直接宾语和间接宾语;直接宾语多为物,间接宾语多为人，表明动作是对谁做的。,Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾,Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.主谓间宾直宾,若先说直接宾语(物),后说间接宾语(人),必须借助介词to或for：Weboughtsomefoodforthem.Heshowedhowtorunthemachinetous.,宾语补足语-有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后加上宾语补足语,句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么,或处于何种状态。名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词可充当宾补。,形容词Leavethedooropen.副词WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.介词短语Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式Isawhimenterthehall.现在分词Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.过去分词Iheardmynamecalled.,（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.,(形容词),(名词),(数词),(名词的所有格),(动名词),(现在分词),(过去分词),Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.,（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.,JohnoftencametochatwithmeAshewasill,hedidntcometoclassyesterday.Sheissittingatthedesk,doingherhomework.Myfatherworkedinthisschooltenyearsago.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.Hecamerunning.,(程度目的),（地点伴随）,（地点时间）,（让步）,（方式）,(原因),Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.,（六）宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.,Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.,Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.,主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.,Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.,Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.,Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam,Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam,Wemadehimmonitor.,Hewasmademonitor.,Hepushedthedooropen.,Thedoorwaspushedopen.,（七）表语,系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,goetc.系动词不用于被动语态.Theappletastessweet.,Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.Imnotquitemyselftoday.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.ThebookiswhatIneed.,（八）同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况,Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词Heistheoldestamongthemfour.数词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.从句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从句,Exercises:分析句子结构,Youareastudent.Hefelthappytoday.Whatyousaidmademehappy.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.Helikespopmusic.,(一)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.,(二)挑出下列句中的表语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.,(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!,(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.,(五)挑出下列句中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.,Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.,一、主语主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Thesunrisesintheeast.（）2.Helikesdancing.（）3.Twowillbeenough.()4.Seeingisbelieving.（）6.Toseeistobelieve.（）7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.()8.Whatheneedsisabook.（）9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语,当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用it作形式主语？,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列句子吗？1)Itiswrongtotellalie.()2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.()3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.(),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,二、宾语宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Shelivedahappylife.()2.Iloveyou.()3.Weneedtwo.()4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?()5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.()6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.()7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?()8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.(),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,二、表语表语可以用下面这些东西表示：Heisateacher.()Myideaisthis.()Shewasthefirsttoarrive.()Ifeelmuchbettertoday./Imustbeoffnow.()Heisoutofdanger.()Thenewswasexciting./Theywereexcitedatthenews.()WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.(),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词/副词,介词短语,分词,三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Itsaredcar.()Theyliveintheroomabove.()Mybrotherisateacher.()Webelongtothethirdworld.()Lucysfatherisapoorworker.()Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.()Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.()Theswimmingboyismybrother./Theboyswimmingintheriverismybrother.(),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,三、定语定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother./Retiredpeoplehaveagoodtimeathome.()Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.（）Willyoutellusaboutyourteach