高一必修一语法定语从句中关系代词和关系副词使用的区别

在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。定语从句还叫做嵌入句，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句。,Attributiveclause:,定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。,定语从句的引导词,关系代词,关系副词,指人,指物,who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，that(主语、宾语),whose(定语),that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)whose(定语),where(地点状语),when(时间状语),why(原因状语),考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。,Iwillneverforgetthedays(_Istayedwithyou).,when,_,_,JurassicParkisaboutapark_(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs).,_,_,where,1958wastheyear_(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm).,_,_,Pleasegivemethereason_(youmadesuchagreatsuccess).,_,_,when,why,Morningisthebesttime_(youpractisereadingaloud).,_,_,when,Doyourememberthelake_(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）,_,_,where,2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_(thegreatwriterusedtolive).,_,_,where,inwhich,Thehouse_(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.,whichthat/,_,_,Luckilynoneofthepeople_(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.,whowhomthat/,_,_,Myfatherwasbornintheyear_(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout).,_,_,inwhich,when,3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).,where,October1stistheday_(newChinawasfounded).,when,Thewindow(_wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.,Whichthat,Themeeting(_willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.,Whichthat,考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词,关系副词whereThisisthehouse(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouseinwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplaceinwhich/wherewecanswim.,（1）Thisisthefactory_Ivisitedlastyear.（2）Thisisthefactory_Iworkedlastyear.（3）Thisisthefactory_producesallkindsofTVsets.A.whereB.whichC.whomD.whose,（1）和（3）选B.which。（2）选A.where。做这种题时，要看先行词与定语从句中谓语动词之间的关系；（1）中是动宾关系，即Ivisitedthefactory，因此选which。（2）中factory应在定语从句中作地点状语，即：Iworkedinthefactory，因此选where。（3）中是作定语从句中的主语，不作地点状语，因此选which。,TheyllneverforgetJuly1_HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays_weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.,关系副词when,Therewasatime_thebusinessmanlostheart.,when,=onwhich,when,=onwhich,when,试比较：,Doyoustillremembertheday_wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday_wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday_wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?,(which/that),when,when,（4）Iwillneverforgettheday_wespenttogether.（5）Iwillneverforgettheday_weworkedtogether.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.what,（4）选A.which。（5）选B.when,找准定语从句的先行词。定语从句必须有先行词，否则就不是定语从句。误：Isthisfarmwevisitedlastweek?该句中定语从句就缺少先行词，将句子还原为陈述句：Thisfarmis_wevisitedlastweek.显然应加上theone作先行词。正：Isthisfarmtheonewevisitedlastweek?当然，这句话改为下面这种形式也是正确的：Isthisthefarmwevisitedlastweek?,（6）Isthislibrary_youoftenreadin?（7）Isthisthelibrary_youoftenreadin?A.theoneB.inwhichC.whereD.which,（6）选A.theone。（7）选D.which。做这种题时，应该先把原句子变为陈述句：（6）为：Thislibraryis_youoftenreadin.此句缺先行词，需要加上，因此选A.theone。（7）为：Thisisthelibrary_youoftenreadin.此题关系词作readin的宾语，故选D.which。,（8）Thisisthereason_hewasabsent.（9）Thisisthereason_canexplainhisabsence.A.whichB.whyC.whenD.inwhich,（8）选B.why，相当于forwhich，作原因状语。（9）选A.which，在定语从句中作主语。,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,如何选定介词:,1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.,4.Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.Iwontforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idontknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembersthedayswhen(inwhich)theylivedinTianjin.,考点四：关系代词前介词的确定,思考？,是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替?,Thepainting(_Ilooked)waspaintedbyme.,atwhich,Thebook(_Iheard)waswrittentwentyyearsago.,aboutwhich,Thepen(_shewrotethatbook)cannowbeseeninamuseum.,withwhich,Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).,where/inwhich,Iwillneverforgottheday_Ifirstmetyouontheship.,onwhich/when,duringwhich,Thefilm(_Ifellasleep)wasveryboring.,结论：只有当介词+关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。,Canyouworkthemout?,Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_whichwecantlive.2.Thestudent_whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.Illneverforgettheday_whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason_whichhehasntturnedupyet?,for,about,on,without,Useaprepositionandarelativepronoun,whom/which,tocompletethefollowingsentences.,Thebook_Iheardwaswrittentwentyyearsago.Thepeople_themanspokewerentlistening.Thefilm_Ifellasleepwasveryboring.Thepen_shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum.Thelittlecreature_scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.Thegun_hewasshotwasneverfound.,aboutwhich,towhom,duringwhich,withwhich,inwhich,withwhich,填空：1.Lookatthatlady_nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher_Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures_weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney_Ihad.,whose,(whom/that/who),which/that,who,that,6.Tomisthefirstboy_lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,_westayedfor2hours.,that,that,that,when,where,Thisistheplace_Istayedfortwodays.Themoment_shewonthegoldmedalwasshownonTV.Thefactory_heworkedhasbeenpulleddown.Thefactory_wearegoingtovisitproduceswatches.Thereason_heexplainedtohisfatherwasafalseone.Thereason_hewaslateis_hehadbeencaughtinthetraffic.,where,when,where,(which/that),(which/that),why,that,Whose从句可转换为“of+关系代词”型，e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.,Theylivedinahouse,thedoor_opentothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,_dooropentothesouth.,ofwhich,ofwhichthe,preposition+relativepronouns,1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.,Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.,Thegas_wecannotliveiscalledoxygen,Theperson_youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.,towhom,withwhich,withoutwhich,Haveyoumettheperson_hewasspeaking?Heistheman_youcanturnforhelp.,Thefarm_weworkedthenyearsagoisntwhatitusedtobe.Thisisthetree_weusedtoplaygames.,Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas_wecannotliveiscalledoxygen.,Moreexamples,aboutwhom,towhom,onwhich,underwhich,withwhich,withoutwhich,练习题,1、All_isusefultousisgood.,A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whether,C,2、Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastweek.,A、whereB、thatC、whichD、theone,D,3、Shewillneverforgettheday_shespentinBeijing.,A、whenB、whatC、whichD、why,C,4、Thisistheschool_myfatherworked20yearsago.,A、thatB、whenC、whichD、where,D,5、Thisistheveryfactory_wevisitedlastyear.,A、thatB、whichC、whatD、theone,A,6、Thetextisoneofthemostinterestingstories_learntinthepastthreedays.,A、thathaveB、thathavebeenC、whichhasD、whichhasbeen,B,7、Thecollegewonttakeanyone_eyesightisweak.,A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、which,B,8、Letmethinkofapropersituation_thissentencecanbeused.,A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、which,A,9、Theman_youaretalkingisinthenextroom.,A、towhomB、aboutwhomC、aboutwhoD、whom,B,10、Thisisthelastfactory_heusedtoworkat,manyworkersof_stillhaveagoodrelationshipwithhim.,A、that;itB、which;whomC、that;whichD、which;that,C,11、Those_totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.,A、whoB、whowantC、whatwantsD、want,B,15、Idontliketheway_hespoketome.,