非谓语动词最完整版

非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念 动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。 二、 非谓语形式的三种形式及基本用法：1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行3、动词的过去分词：done 表示被动和完成非谓语动词（一）动词不定式一、不定式（to do）不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式运用口诀：本领最多不定式，主，表，宾，补，定和状，样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，做主宾时用“it”，自己在后把身藏，七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb，to前not 是否定，各种用法区别开。1.不定式的时态及语态时态主动被动意义例句来源:学&科&网Z&X&X&K语态一般to doto be done与谓语动词同时发生或以后发生Im glad to see you.当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式须用被动形式。如：He asked to be sent to work in Tibet. This book is said to have been translated into many languages.来源: /进行to be doing来源:金太阳新课标资源网来源:金太阳新课标资源网 HTTP:/WX.JTYJY.COM/来源:学#科#网Z#X#X#K表示谓语的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行He pretended to be reading a book when I came in.完成to have doneto have been done先于谓语动作发生We seem to have met each other before.完成进行to have been doing先于谓语动作发生而又延续到谓语动作发生后He is said to have been studying abroad，but I dont know which country he is studying in.1. Iamsorryto _ yousomuchtrouble.（2008 江苏）A. havegiven B. havebeengivenC. giveD. giving答案： A 简析：be sorry to have done sth 意为“已经干了某事而遗憾”，to have done是不定式的完成形式，表示先于谓语动词的动作。B，被动形式，不合题意。变式训练：2.The promising young man is said to _ two novels.A. havewritten B. havebeenwrittenC. writeD. writing (A)2.不定式的句法功能1）作主语：（谓语动词一般用单数）To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.练习：1. _( die ) for people is a glorious thing.2. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.3. _( see ) is to believe.4._ (beat) in the home match was a disgrace to them.5. 在一个小时之内记住所有这些单词是不容易的。（翻译成英文）6.It is important _ to turn off the light when you leave the room.A. rememberB . to rememberC. of rememberingD. remembering不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth. Its for sb.和 Its of sb.这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。 1） for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：例如：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2） of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。例如：Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。例如：You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。He is hard. （非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）1.It is great honor _ present at this meeting.A. for us to beB. for us toC. of us to beD. for your being2. Its kind _ so much of us.A. for you to thinkB. for you thinkingC. of you to thinkD. of you thinking3. Its clever _ to make a mistake and correct it in no time.Afor her Bof her Cby her Dby herself2）作表语：1. Her daughters wish is to become a singer.2. She seems to go with us.3.The boy seems to have been beaten.4. Her job is to clean the hall.练习：1. Her work is _( look )after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University.3. She seemed _( think ) about the problem.4. He appeared _ (wait) for a long time.5. The box seems _ (move).6.Whether China can launch Shenzhou successfully remains _.A.to see B.seeing C.to be seen D.being seen7.What I would suggest is _ the job right away.A. to startB. startsC. of staringD. for staring3）作宾语：常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosedemand desiredetermineelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnlong 渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakeexpecthateintend如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，如：Eg. Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.练习：1.They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2.He said he wished_(be )a professor.3.I agreed_ (go ) there with the doctor.4.They asked _(send) to work here.5.He promised _(wait) at the door when she came out.6. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told8. I didnt hear you come in last night. Thats good. We tired _ noisy.A. not to B. to be not C. to be D. not to be9.Its a new dictionary, he seems _ this book the other day.A. to buyB. buying C. to have bought D. to have been bought（但是要注意，高中阶段有些短语中的to是介词to，现把介词to的短语归纳如下）be related to和有联系.His fear of people is deeply related to his unhappy childhood. be addicted to沉溺于对上瘾.She is addictaded to drugs.be opposed to 反对 She is strongly opposed to their plan.devote oneself to献身于 She devoted herself to tennis in her teens. be devoted to 献身于,忠诚于,爱She is devoted to here husband. be admitted to被录取 , 准进入 Li Ming is admitted to Beijing University. Children under 18 are not admitted to the film. be attached to附属于,爱慕,爱恋,敬仰The middle school is attached toQing hua University。这是清华附中。 be adjusted to 适应 She was soon adjusted to his way of life adjust to适应 She soon adjusted to his way of life. adsjust onself to 使适应She soon adjusted herself to his way of life be adapted to适应 He is quickly adapted to a new circumstances. 他很快适应新环境。 adapt oneself to 适应 He is quick to adapt himself to a new circumstances 他很快适应新环境。 be known to为所知As is known to all,paper was first made in China. be married to和结婚Tom has been married to Mary for 10 years.be sentenced to被判处He was sentenced to 10 years in prison. 他被判处10年监禁.。 be connected to和连在一起 I was connected to the wrong person. 我的电话接错了人。 be exposed to 暴露于/遭受/接触 The bicycle was exposed to the rain and wind. Ive been exposed to English for 20years. 我学英语已经20年了。 be compared to被比喻成 Teachers are often compared to candles. 教师常被比喻成蜡烛。 compareto把比成 People often compare children to flowers.。人们常把孩子们比喻成花朵。 be/become /get accustomed to惯于,有.习惯. You will soon get accustomed to the job.你很快就会适应这项工作。 be engaged to和订婚 Jack is engaged to Linda.捷克和林达订婚了。 get down to着手做 Lets get down to business.我们言归正传。 lead to 导致 All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马。 object to 反对 He objects to beeing treated like a child. 他讨厌被当成小孩看待。 put ones mind to全神贯注于 You should put your mind to studies.你应专心学习。 give rise to 引起 The dirty enviroment gave rise to diseases. 那肮脏的环境引起了各种疾病。 look forward to盼望 Im looking forwad to seeing you.我盼望与你见面。 pay attention to注意 Please pay attention to your pronunciotion.请注意你的发音。 stick to坚持 He always sticks to his promise.他总是遵守诺言。 attend to 处理,照料Attend carefully to what she is saying.注意听她说话。 see to 负责 Will you see to the plants while Im away. 我不在时请您帮我照料这些植物。 contribute to对做贡献 The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the surburbs.建造高速公路有助于郊区发展。 make contributions to对做贡献He has made great contributions to a space deveiopment programme.他对太空发展计划有很大的贡献。 apply oneself to致力于 He applied himself to the study of genes.他致力于基因研究。come close to几乎,将近He came close to being killed in the accident.他差一点在事故中丧生。 reply to 回答She never replied to my letter.他从不回复我的信。 add to 增加 The news added to his anxiety.这消息增加了他的忧虑。 add up to加起来 These figures add up to fifty.这些数字总计为50。 in addition to除之外(还)He speak s Frensh in addition to English. 他除了讲英语之外还会说法。 turn to转向,求助于 He has turned to keeping sheep.他已转行养羊。 feel up to能胜任He doesnt think he feels up to the job.他认为他不胜任这项工作。 look up to向上看,尊敬We should look up to our parents.我们应该尊敬父母。 admit to承认 He admmited to having broken the glass.他承认打烂了玻璃。 belong to属于The computer belongs to me.这台电脑时我的。 take to喜爱,开始 I took to her at once我立刻喜欢上了她。 She has taken to drinking recently.他最近喜欢喝酒。 cling to 附着/坚持The little boy clung to his mother s skirt in fear 那男孩害怕得紧紧抓住他母亲的裙子。 fall to 开始 After supper we fell to discussing politics.。 晚饭后我们开始讨论政治。 respond to回答 He didnt respond to my question.他没有回答我的问题。 accustom oneself to使习惯于Children are quick to accustom themselves tonew surroundings. 孩子们很快就会适应新环境。 get to到达某地When did you get Shanghai?你和时到的上海? set an example to给树立榜样 Lei Feng set a good example to us. 雷锋为我们树立了好榜样。 refer to 谈到,参考,查阅 If you have any question please refer to the guidebook.如果你有问题请参阅旅游指南。 take /make a trip to 到.地方去Ill make a trip to the seaside tomorrow. 明天我要到海边去。 join to把和连接起来The railway has joined Beijing to Zhuhai. 这条铁路把北京和珠海连接起来了 do a kindness to 帮助某人 He did me many kindnesses.他帮过我很多忙。 turn a blind eye to对视而不见 Dont turn a blind eye to that.不要对那事视而不见。 turn a deaf ear to对充耳不闻He turned a deaf ear to my advice. 他对我的建议充耳不闻。 point to指向He pointed to the door.他用手指着门.(让人出去)。 show honour to向表示敬意 We all showed honour to the hero. 我们都向那位英雄表示敬意。 put an end to 结束They should put an end to that ridiculous war 他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争。 bring an end to结束 They should bring an end to that ridiculous war 他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争。 drink(a toast)to 为干杯 Lets drink to Pauls health.让我们为保尔的健康干杯。 propose a toast to提议为干杯I propose a toast to Pauls health. 我提议为保尔的健康干杯。 set fire to防火烧. The enemy set fire to the ship.敌人放火烧了那条船。 happen to发生了事 What has happened to your mother?你妈妈怎么了? occur to被想到,被想起It occurred to me that I had forgotten to take my medicine.我突然想起我忘了吃药了。 total up to总计达 His debt totalled up to 1,000,000.yuan.他的债务总计达一百万元。get close to接近It is too hot .He cant get close to the fire. 太热了他不能接近大火。 hold to 坚持 抓住.Everyone should hold to the rule. 每人都应该遵循这规则。 help oneself to随便用 Help yourself to the sweets.请随便吃糖。 hold on to抓住, 固守。The little girl held on to the tail of his coat。那小女孩抓住他外套的下摆。 do harm to 对有害处 Smoking does harm to health。抽烟有害健康。 do wrong to冤枉 Great was done to him in the past。过去他受了很大的冤枉。 date back to追朔到 This temple date back to the SongDydasty。这庙宇宋代就有了。 when it comes to谈到.时when it comes to studying English，he thinks it easy。谈到学英语时他认为容易。 give an eye to着眼于,注意 Please give an eye to the flowers while Im away 我不在时请关照一下花。 have an eye to doing打算.He has an eye to g ing abroad. 他打算出国。 describe to 向描述 Please describe to me what the girl is like. 给我描述一下那女孩的长相。 treat sb to请某人吃 Ill treat you to some beer.我要请你喝啤酒。 pay a visit to参观 Shell pay a second visit to Japan.他要再次访日。 the answer to 的答案 Please tell me the answer to the question.请告诉我这个问题的答案。 the key to 的答案,的钥匙的关键This is the kry to solving the problem. 这是解决问题的关键。 access to接近,进入某地的方法 Every student has free access to the library。每个学生都可以自由利用图书馆。 the entrance to的入口 Have found the entrance to th cave？ 你找到动穴的出口了吗？ the assistant to的助手Mary is the assistant to the heasdmaster。玛丽是校长助理。 the secretary to的秘书 He was the secretary to the late Premier Zhou。他是已故周总理的秘书。 the ambassador to驻。的大使He is the Chinese ambassador to Japan。他是中国驻日大使。 onss attitude to 对的态度 We should take a positive attitude to work. 我们应对工作报积极的态度。 the note to的注释 Please pay attention to the notes to the text.请注意课文注释。 on ones way to在去某处的途中 He is on his way to becoming a doctor. 他即将成为一名医生.。 be a stranger to不习惯对陌生 I am a stanger to the way of life. 我不习惯这种生活方式。 a visitor to 到.的参观者Every year there are many visitors to the park. 每年有很多客人参观这个公园。 the home to 是.的家园（of更常用） The island is home to many animals. 这个岛屿是很多动物的家园。 be on a journey/trip to在去旅程中Now he is on the journey to Shanghai. 此刻他在去上海的旅程。 be kind to 对和善 The teacher is kind to his students.这位老师对他的学生非常和蔼。 be important to对重要 English is important to us all.英语对我们所有人都很重要。 be senior to 年龄长于. He is senior to me他比我年龄大。 be junior to年龄小于He is junior to me .他比我年龄小。 be equal to和.相等 Men are equal to women in China now.现在中国男女平等。 be particular to所特有的 Coconut is particular to the tropics.椰子事热带的特产. be subject to 服从,隶属,易遭/受/患 These islands are subject to typhoons.这些岛屿易遭台风侵袭。 All players are subject to the rules of the game. 所有选手均需遵守比赛规则。 be familiar to 为熟悉 The tall building is familiar to me.我非常熟悉这幢大楼。 be similar to和.相似His view is similar to yours。他的观点和你的类似。 be open to 对.开放。The library is open to the public.这个公园对公众开放。 be loyal to 对.忠诚。We should be loyal to the people and the Party。我们应该忠于人民忠于党。 be helpful to 对有益处 Early rising is helpful to your health.早起对你的身体有好处。 be useful to对有用 This book is useful to young students. 这本书对年轻学生有好处。 be good to对好 His step- mother is very good to him. 他的继母对他非常好。 比较：be good for 对.有益处. Early rising is good for youe health. 早起对你的身体有益处。 be bad to对不好 His step- mother is very bad to him. 他的继母对他非常不好。 比较：be bad for对有害处Smoking is bad for your health.抽烟对你健康有害处。 be new to对不习惯，对。陌生。Im new to the custom. 我对这种风俗不习惯。 next to 几乎 的旁边,Who stood next to you? 谁站在你的旁边? It is next to impossible to cure her illness. 治好他的病几乎是不可能的。 from to从到They begged from door to door.他们挨们要饭。 due to 由于 The game was postponeed due to rain.比赛因下雨而延期。 比较:be due to do sth.预定要做某事He is due to start this evening.他预定今晚出发。 owing to由于The game was postponeed owing to rain.比赛因下雨而延期。 thanks to多亏了,由于 Thanks to your help ,I finished my work on time. 多亏了你的帮助我及时完成了工作。 as to关于 As to money， he is indifferent.至于钱他漠不关心。 In/with regard to关于I have something to say in/with regard to his conduct. 关于它的行为我有一些意见.。 In/with relation to 关于 ,就而论.I have something to say in/with relation to his conduct.关于它的行为我有一些意见。 according to根据 According to the law,he was sentenced to death.根据法律他被判处死刑。 subject to依照The plan may change subject to the weather. 那项计划可能会随天气变化而改变。 动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否则就要带to。另外在cant choose but和cant help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只有待在这儿。练习：1. I thought you had planned to practice the piano today. I did nothing but _ letters all day.A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing2.Timcannotbut _ hissupervisortohelphimsolvethedifficultyhehasindoinghis project. (2009安徽)A.toask B.askC.asking D.asked答案：B简析：but 后跟不定式是否带to, 按照“前有do后无to”的原则，如，They did nothing but watch TV all day. 和 They had no choice / alternative but to give up. 此外，cannot help but / cannot choose but / cannot but 后均不带to。3.Lots of empty boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but _. A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk 有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如：decideknowconsiderforgetlearnremembershow,wonderfind outtellinquireexplain例如：Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy. 有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。练习： 1. Ididntknow_himornot.（2009浙江）A.whethertohelpB.iftohelpC.tohelpD.thatifIshouldhelp答案：A简析：whether to do sth or not是固定搭配，if “是否做某事”后不能跟不定式。3） 作宾语补足语：Eg. 1. She told her child not to play on the street.2.I saw her come into the building.3. We believe him to have gone abroad.动词不定式作动词feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官动词以及have,let，make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：I saw him cross the road.我看到他过了街道。He was seen to cross the road.他被看到过了街道。练习： 1. I didnt want my parents _(help ) me.2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.3. The school ordered all the classroom _( clean ).4. My parents expect me _( go )to a ideal university.5. Joan promised the dinner _( cook ) before we returned.6.Bobs parents want Bob _ all the rules at school.A. obeyB. to obeyC. obeyingD. will obey7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but mother told him_.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 8. The question asked by the teacher is very difficult _. （2008 江苏）A. to be answeredB. answeringC. to answerD. to answering答案：C简析：某些形容词后跟不定式作状语时，只能用主动形式表示被动意思。常用的此类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, nice, good, pleasant, fit,等。变式训练：9.Dont you think the picture on the wall pleasant _ ?A. to be looked atB. looking atC. to look atD. to looking at (C)5）作定语：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：He has no place to live.他没有住的地方。This is the best way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：Have you got anything to send （你有什么东西要寄吗？不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）Have you got anything to be sent （你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）用不定式作定语的几种情况不定式表将来I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了几本书在假期里读。用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all，any等限定的中心词。如：He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人。用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：Do you have the ability to read and write English