专四语法虚拟语气.ppt

SubjunctiveMood,英语专业四级考试语法系列,TEM4九大常考语法点：,1.虚拟语气2.非谓语动词3.定语从句4.状语从句5.名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）6.情态动词7.反义疑问句8.时态9.一些特定功能词汇的用法（much,more,such,anythingbut,enough等）,2,虚拟语气,SubjunctiveMood,3,虚拟语气概要：,1.现代英语中有三种语气：1）陈述语气（indicativemood）2）祈使语气（imperativemood）3）虚拟语气（subjunctivemood）2.定义：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生或可能性比较小的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。,4,3.专业四级考试语法与词汇部分每年至少有一道相关试题涉及虚拟语气，平均下来达到每年1-2题，总计有24题。,5,1.IfIhadHIV,IwouldknowbecauseIwouldfeelsick.2.IfIwereyou,IwouldgiveAIDSpatientahug.3.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnthavemadeamistake.4.Ifhehadbeenthere,itwouldnthavehappened.,与现在事实相反,与过去事实相反,看例句，总结虚拟语气结构,5.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theywouldntgoforanouting.6.Ithinkwecoulddoit,ifweplanneditproperly.7.Ifweweretohavethreedaysoff,wewouldenjoyaveryhappylife.,与未来事实相反,虚拟条件句结构表,8,一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气,真题举例及分析,例1:HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,she_muchbetterresultsnow.（2008:52）A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldgetB注：省略if倒装，时态用过去完成时；主句的时间副词是now，但是事实上该考试成绩已经出来了，所以用B。,9,一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气,真题举例及分析,例2:_you_furtherproblemswithyourprinter,contactyourdealerforadvice.（2005：63）A.If,hadB.Have,hadC.Should,haveD.incase,hadC,10,一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气,1.be动词were提到从句主语的前面。,WereIyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrellawithme.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened，shouldtherebeasuddenloudnoise.,11,一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气,2动词should/had提到从句主语的前面。,ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallher.HadIknownit,IhavetoldyouHadthedamagebeenworse，theinsurancecompanywouldhavepaidmore.,12,一.考点分类-从句省略连词if的虚拟语气,练习：,1:_rightnow,shewouldgetthereonSundayA.WouldsheleaveB.IfsheleavesC.WereshetoleaveD.IfshehadleftC,13,2:_beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerpartyA.HadtheyarrivedB.WouldtheyarriveC.WeretheyarrivingD.WeretheytoarriveD,14,二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,真题举例及分析,例1：Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,he_abletoadviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.（2005:51）A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasD.wereA,15,例2：Ifonlythepatient_adifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.（2007:54）A.hadreceivedB.receivedC.shouldreceiveD.werereceivingA,二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,结构：,17,二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,Examples:,IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIhadnttakenyouradvice,Iwouldhavemadeabadmistake.Shewouldhavecome,ifshehadntbeensobusy.,18,二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,练习：,1.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreifthere_quitesuchacrowdofpeoplethere.A.werentB.hasntbeenC.hadntbeenD.wouldntbeenC,19,二.考点分类-与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,【补充】混合虚拟式，或交错虚拟式：有时，从句的动词所表示的动作和主句的动词所表示的动作不一致，这时就要使用混合虚拟式。*IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwhenIcameoutthismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.*IfIwereyou,Iwouldnthavemissedthefilmlastnight.,20,三.考点分类-Itis(high,about,the)time,真题举例及分析,例1：-“Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester?”-“Idontknow.Butitsabouttime_onsomething.”（2002：51）A.IddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.Imdeciding,21,例2：Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe_us.Ithinkitshightimewe_strongactionsagainsthim.(2005：60)A.betrayed；takeB.hadbetrayed；tookC.hasbetrayed；tookD.hasbetrayed；takeB注意：当句子里面有序数词（first/second/third.）,副词only或最高级best/worst/most的时候，后面的定语从句要用完成时态。如，ThisisoneofthemostinterestingbooksIveeverread.,22,三.考点分类-结构“Itis(high,about,the)time.”中的虚拟语气,在句型“Itis(high,about,the)time.”虚拟语气中的谓语动词通常用过去式或者should+V.指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该做某事了”。,23,三.考点分类-结构“Itis(high,about,the)time.”中的虚拟语气,Itsthetimethechildrenlearnedhowtobehaveproperly.Itsabouttimepeopletooknoticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.,24,练习：1.Itshightimewe_cuttingdowntherainforests.A.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stopA,25,真题举例及分析,例1：Itisimperativethatstudents_theirtermpapersontime.(2004:46)A.handinB.wouldhandinC.havetohandinD.handedinA,四.考点分类-几种常用“（should）+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构,26,例2：Whichofthefollowingsentencecontainssubjunctivemood.(2013:54)A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock.B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.A,27,1表示主观判断、推测和表示命令、决定、要求、建议之类的词的相关从句中。一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command三个建议：advise,suggest,propose五个要求：demand,require,request,desire，ask除此，还有beg（请求），consent（同意），determine（决意），decide（决定），deserve（值得提起），expect（期望），intend（打算），maintain（主张），move（移动），order（命令），prefer（情愿），recommend（劝告），resolve（决意），urge（极力主张），vote（提议）。,四.考点分类-几种常用“（should）+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构,28,宾语从句：Hesuggestedthatwe(should）takenoteswhilelisteningtothelecture.Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives(should)workinthehome.,29,(b)部分上述动词名词形式的同位语从句：（包括necessity必要性，pray恳求，preference偏爱，plan计划，idea主意等）Heputforwardthesuggestionthatwe（should）takenoteswhilelisteningtothelecture.Thisistheirresolutionthatextra-curriculumactivitiesbemadepartoftheirschoollife,30,(c)部分上述动词名词形式的表语从句：Hissuggestionwasthatwe（should）takenoteswhilelisteningtothelecture.,31,(d)部分上述动词名词形式的主语从句：（另:Itisarrangedthat）Itwassuggestedthatwe（should）takenoteswhilelisteningtothelecture.Itwasarrangedthatthey（should）leavethefollowingweek,32,2“Itis形容词+that从句”结构中。这些形容词分别为：advisable（适当的），adamant（坚定不移的），appropriate（适当的），better（较好的），desirable（向往的），essential（必要的），imperative（迫切的），Important（重要的），insistent（坚定的），incredible（难以置信的），keen（渴望的），natural（自然的），necessary（必要的），obligatory（规定的），possible（可能的），preferable（更可取的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的），vital（极其重要的）。,33,例句：ItisdesirablethattheagreementbesignedbeforeMayIdontthinkitadvisablethathe(should)beassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperienceatall.,34,3“Itisapityshamenowonderoneswishthat从句”结构中。如：Itisagreatpitythatheshouldbesoconceited.词汇：conceitv.&n.自负、幻想conceivev.怀孕、构想deceivev.欺骗、行骗,35,4以lest,incase,forfearthat（以免）引导的目的状语从句。如：*Youshouldexercisevigilancelestyoushouldbekilled.*Takeyourcoatincaseit（should）rain词汇：vigilancevidilnsn.警戒，警觉,36,真题举例及分析,例3：Theopeningceremonyisagreatoccasion.Itisessential_forthat.（2003,47）forustobepreparedthatwearepreparedC.ofustobepreparedD.ourbeingpreparedA,四.考点分类-几种常用“（should）+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的结构,37,真题举例及分析,例1：Ifit_tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.（2013:63）A.wastorainB.weretorainC.wasrainingD.hadrainedB,五.考点分类-与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,38,IfsheweretomarryJack,shewouldbehappyIfitshouldrainagain,whatelsecouldIdo？Ifitsnowedtomorrow,Ishouldwouldstayathome.,五.考点分类-与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,39,练习：,1.Ifyourcar_anyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeittoanauthorizeddealer.A.shallneedB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneedBauthorizeddealer：授权经销商；认可交易商,五.考点分类-与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,40,六、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；,1）wish+宾语从句,现在：过去：未来：,过去时(did/were),过去完成时(haddone),would/could/might+V.should,IwishIwereabird.(现在)IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.(过去)Wewishourparentswouldntpunishus.(未来),2）wouldratherthat-,现在：过去：未来：,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.(现在),Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.(过去),Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.(未来),过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3）asif/though+从句,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,Helooksasifheweredrunk.,Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Itseemsasifitwerespring.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,4）without和butfor构成虚拟。(butfor要不是),Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,5）Ifonly(要是就好了)IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagai