英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时.ppt

PresentPerfectTense,Presentperfecttense现在完成时,构成:用法一：,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.常与标志词just,already,yet,连用.just,already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和一般问句.,have/has+过去分词（否定）havent/hasnt过去分词,e.g.Ihavejusthadbreakfast.Wehaventfedthedogyet.-Hassheleftyet?-Yes,Shehas./No,shehasnt.(Notyet)句型转换练习1.Thesunhasalreadyrisen.2.Ihavealreadyseenthemovieintown.,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1.IhavealreadylearntEnglish.(ImabletotalktoyouinEnglish.)Cf.IlearntEnglish.2.Hehasclosedthedoor.（Thedoorisstillclosednow）Cf.Heclosedthedoor.1.都表示过去发生的事;2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和表示过去的具体时间状语连用:（lastyear,2daysago,yesterday,etc.）3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态，可与表示过去的具体时间连用：（lastyear,2daysago,yesterday,etc.）,eg.1.Heatehisbreakfastat6:00Cf.Hehasalreadyeatenhisbreakfast.2.Whendidyoucomehere?Iarrivedhereyesterday.cf.Ihavejustarrivedhere.,过去分词变化规则规则变化1.一般情况,直接加ed:work-workedborrow-borrowed2.以e结尾，直接加d:close-closedlive-lived3.辅音加y结尾，y-ied:studystudied4.元音加y结尾,直接加ed:play-playedstay-stayed5.以辅元辅结尾，双写末字母加ed:stop-stoppedshop-shoppeddropdroppedplan-planned不规则变化（见书）,还常用来表示曾经的一种经历（对现在有影响），标志词有ever(曾经),never,before（之前）,once,twice,threetimes,manytimes,Howmanytimes等。Ihaveeverreadthebookcalled“TreasureIsland”.Haveyoueverseenthemoviebefore?Shehasnevertravelledabroadbefore.Wehavewatchedthemovietwice.HaveyoueverbeentoHainanIsland?No,never.Youhavemadethesamemistakesmanytimes.,用法二：表示从过去某个时间开始，一直持续到现在，并可能继续存在的状态或动作.标志词有：recently/lately(最近),uptonow/untilnow/uptillnow/bynow/sofar(到目前为止）inthepast(last)threeyears（在过去几年里）duringthepast(last)threemonths（在过去三个月）；sincethen(自从那时);thesedays(years,months)（这些天）；thewholemorning(week,year)（整个早上）；,eg.Ihaventheardfromhimrecently.Shehaslearned3,000Englishnewwordssofar.for（持续），since（自从）的具体用法如下：for+时间段（2days,3months,100years）since1.时间点(3p.m.,yesterday,lastweek,)2.时间段（2days,3months，100years）ago3.+句子（一般过去时，谓语动词多为瞬间动词）,Hehasworkedherefortwoyears.=Hehasworkedheresince2015.=Hehasworkedheresincetwoyearsago.HehasworkedheresincehecametoChina.,重要考点提示,1.两种句型必用完成时.1).Itisthefirst/secondtimethat从句（完成时）eg.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.2).This/Itisthe最高级that从句（完成时）eg.ThisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.BeijingisthemostbeautifulplacethatIhaveevertravelledto.,2.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句(一般过去时)=一段时间+haspassed+since从句(一般过去时)e.g.我来这里两年了：Itis/hasbeentwoyearssinceIcamehere.=TwoyearshaspassedsinceIcamehere.,3.have/hasgonetohave/hasbeentohave/hasbeenin,have/hasgoneto:去了某地未回或在回来的途中，主语不能是一，二人称；have/hasbeento:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,其后可接表示次数的状语;have/hasbeenin:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后可接表示一段时间的状语。,Tom在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack去过上海两次了,-WhereisTom?-Hehasgonetothebookshoptobuysomebooks.,IhavebeeninBeijingfor5years.,JackhasbeentoShanghaitwice.,4.现在完成时时间状语的几个注意点：1).现在完成时:before,since2daysago,sinceyesterday,just,inthepast3years,sincehecamehere过去时:3hoursbefore,2daysago,yesterday,justnow,inthepast,whenhecamehere2).当时间状语是具体的过去的时间，如lastweek,in1995,thedaybeforeyesterday等，该句用一般过去时3).提问过去的具体时间用一般过去时Whendidyoubuythenicewatch?(T)Whenhaveyouboughtthenicewatch?(F),4).对for,since,提问用Howlong?Shehaslearnedartsinceshewasalittlegirl.Howlonghasshelearnedart?Ihavestayedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoustayedhere?,5).完成时的句子为肯定句时，瞬间动词不能与表示时间段的时间状语连用，即since,for,howlong连用，但可以用相应的可延续动词替换。Howlonghaveyouborrowedthebook?(F)Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?(T)Ihaveborrowedthebookforaweek.(F)Ihavekeptthebookforaweek.(T)注意：否定句Ihaventborrowedthebookforaweek.(T),常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/get/come/gotodiebecomeaborrowLeave/movebuyopenjoinstart/beginfinish/endcatchacoldgetupgettoknowgooutclosewakeupgotosleep/fallasleepbecomeinterestedin,bein,bedead,have,keep,beaway/beout,bea,bein/beamemberof,beopen,beon,beover,haveacold,beup,know,beout,beclosed,beawake,beasleep/sleeping,beinterestedin,gotherebetherecomeherebeherefallillbeilllosebelostfallinlovewithbeinlovewithmarrybemarriedputonwear/beinreceive/gethave1.他去世三年了。,Hedied3yearsago.=Hediedin2014.=Hehasbeendeadfor3years.=Hehasbeendeadsince2014.=Hehasbeendeadsince3yearsago.=Itis/hasbeen3yearssincehedied.=Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.2.这本书我借了一个月了。,Iborrowedthisbookamonthago.,Itis/hasbeenamonthsinceIborrowedthebook.,Ihavekeptthebookforamonth.sinceamonthago.,AmonthhaspassedsinceIborrowedthebook.,TheEnd,Exercises,1.I_(have)lunchalready.2.Hasthetrain_(arrive),yet?3.Tome_never_(beto)China.4.Thetwin_just_(see)myfather.5.Thetwins_(see)myfatherjustnow.6.Manytallbuildings_(build)inthepast5years.,havehad,arrived,has,beento,has,seen,saw,havebeenbuilt,7.They_never_(meet)before.8.Thefamily_(live)heresincethreeyearsago.9.Thecouple_(marry)formanyyears.10.TheSmiths_(grow)alotofvegetablesinthefieldsrecently.11.She_already_(sweep)thefloor.12.She_(change)alottheseyears.13.Myfatherwithhisfriends_(play)chessthewholeafternoonandthey_(notstop)yet.,14.She_(lend)herbooktomethreedaysago.15.I_(have)thehousesincetwoyearsago.16.She_(notmeet)mebefore.17.We_(live)inthecountrysideinthepast.18.They_(build)alotofnewbuildingsinthepasttwoyears.19.Nobody_(see)himsofar.,Exercises,Hisfatherhasdied.(for2years)Thefootballmatchhasbegun.(since9:00a.m)Thetwinshavejoinedthearmy.(sincetheywere18yearsold)MyteacherhasjustleftNanjing.(for3days),Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor2years.,Thefootballmatchhasbeenonsince9:00a.m.,Thetwinshavebeensoldiers/beeninthearmysincetheywere18yearsold.,MyteacherhasbeenawayfromNanjingfor3days,Correcting,1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?,havekept,hasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmy,since5yearsago/for5years,came,did,catch,6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.8.Whattimeha