初中英语人教版八年级下册现在完成时.pptx

Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIslandyet?,凤庆县永新中学毕再芳,Grammar:thePerfectPresentTense现在完成时,1、定义：表示过去发生的动作，对现在造成的影响或留有的结果。（即可延动也可非延动）表示从过去某时开始的动作，并一直持续到现在。常与for/since连用。（可延动）,2、谓语结构：have/has+V-过分,肯定：sb+have/has+V-过分否定：sb+havent/hasnt+V-过分一疑：Have/Has+sb+V-过分?肯答：Yes,sbhave/has.否答：No,sbhavent/hasnt.注：have/has做助动词，后接动词过去分词，与人称代词搭配可缩写成：ve/s(Ive=Ihave;theyve=theyhave)。havent=havenothasnt=hasnot，其中have用于非三单人称，has用于第三人称单数。have/has做行为动词表拥有，不能缩写。能区别hes=hehas/heisshes=shehas/sheisits=ithas/itis,例句：,1、IhavealreadyreadLittleWomen?否定句：IreadLittleWomenyet.一疑句：LittleWomenyet?肯答：否答：2、Sheslivedheresince2008.否定句：Shelivedheresince2008.一疑句：livedheresince2008?肯答：否答：,Haveyouread,havent,Yes,Ihave.,No,Ihavent.,hasnt,Hasshe,Yes,shehas.,No,shehasnt.,Shehaslongcurlyhair.,has意为,此句为构成否定句和一般疑问句要借助于助动词否定句:Shelongcurlyhair.一疑句：longcurlyhair?肯答:否答:,ShehasbeentoBeijingtwice.,has为,此句为_,构成否定句可直接在后加;一疑句将_提到_。否定句:shebeentobeijingtwice.疑句:toBeijingtwice?,辨析下列句子：,拥有,一现时,doesnt/does.,doesnt,Doesshe,助动词,现完时,has,not,has,句首,hasnt,Hasshebeen,Yes,shedoes.,No,shedoesnt.,HeswatchingTVathomenow.,Hes=,Hesseenthemoviebefore.,Hes=,辨析下列句子：,Heis,Hehas,动词过去分词的构成：,规则变化：1、直接在动词词尾+ed（finish-finished-finished)2、以“e”结尾+d(invite-invited-invited)3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变“y”为“i”+ed(study-studied-studied)4、以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再+ed(shop-shopped-shopped),不规则变化：参见课本最后一页1、am/is/are-was/were-been2、have/has-had-had3、see-saw-seen4、do/does-did-done5、go-went-gone6、give-gave-given7、get-got-gotten8、come-came-come,不规则动词过去式及过去分词:,一、AAA型（原形、过去式、过去分词一致）1.花费cost-cost-cost2.切割cut-cut-cut3.放置put-put-put4.读read-read-read5.让let-let-let6.伤害hurt-hurt-hurt7.关上shut-shut-shut8.击打hit-hit-hit9.设置set-set-set,不规则动词过去式及过去分词:,二、ABB型（过去式和过去分词一致）1.过去式、过去分词含有-ought带来:bring-brought-brought买:buy-bought-bought打架:fight-fought-fought想:think-thought-thought2.过去式、过去分词含有-aught抓住:catch-caught-caught教:teach-taught-taught3.过去式、过去分词-d变t建筑:build-built-built借出:lend-lent-lent花费：spend-spent-spent派遣：send-sent-sent,不规则动词过去式及过去分词:,4.过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d学会：learn-learnt/ed-learnt/ed意思：mean-meant-meant燃烧：burn-burnt/ed-burnted做梦：dream-dreamt/ed-dreamt/ed处理：deal-dealt-dealt听：hear-heard-heard过去式、过去分词改为-ept保持：keep-kept-kept睡觉：sleep-slept-slept扫：sweep-swept-swept过去式、过去分词改为-aid说：say-said-said支付：pay-paid-paid,不规则动词过去式及过去分词,卖:sell-sold-sold告诉:tell-told-told站：stand-stood-stood明白：understand-understood-understood赢：win-won-won离开：leave-left-left遇见：meet-met-met丢失:lose-lost-lost制造/使:make-made-made找到:find-found-foud得到：get-got-got忘记:forget-forgot-forgot坐：sit-sat-sat,不规则动词过去式及过去分词,三、ABA过去式与原形一致1.变成:become-became-become2.来:come-came-come3.跑:run-ran-run四、ABC原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样1.唱歌：sing-sang-sung铃响：ring-rang-rung游泳：swim-swam-swumdrink-drank-drunk过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en1.击败:beat-beat-beaten破坏:break-broke-broken2.驾驶:drive-drove-driven吃:eat-ate-eaten落下：fall-fell-fallen3.给：give-gave-given生长：grow-grew-grown4.知道：know-knew-known吹：blow-blew-blown,不规则动词过去式及过去分词,扔:throw-threw-thrown展示:show-showed-shown弄错/错误:mistake-mistookmistaken拿:take-took-taken说:speak-spoke-spoken飞:fly-flew-flown,现在完成时的判定：,定义一:1、句中用到副词:already.yet.ever.never.just.recently.before等；2、句中用到:once.twice.threetimes等单纯表次数的词；3、根据句意，确知某一动作在之前发生过，并对现在留有一定的影响或结果的。,定义二：1、for+一段时间（共计-）2、since+过去的时间点/一过时的句子（自从-）3、sofar=utilnow=bynow=uptonow(到目前为止，迄今为止）4、thisyearalong（今年以来）5、in/duringthepast/lastfewyears（在最近几年）,可延动,for与since的区别：,1、for+一段时间（共计-）2、since+时间起点(具体过去时间,如:1999;last+时间;一段时间+ago;一般过去时从句).自从-eg.Ihavebeenhereforover10years.Ihavebeenheresince10yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIcamehere.,用for与since填空：,1.Thewindhasblowntwohours.2.Thedoghasstayedthereitateitsdinner.3.Theteacherhasthoughtabouttheproblemyesterday.4.WehavelearnedEnglishabout2years.5.Lindahastaughtinthisschoolshegraduated.6.Markhaslivedhere2000.,for,since,since,for,since,since,already,yet,never与ever的用法区别,1、already,yet,never，ever用于现在完成时，放于have/has之后；2、already已经通常用于肯定句；eg.Shehasalreadyfoundherbike.有时也可以用于疑问句，此时放于句末。表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊讶。eg.Hasshefoundhebikealready？3、yet的用法:可用于疑问句和否定句；否定句译为“还”；疑问句译为“已经”eg.Ihaventfoundmyruleryet.Haveyoufoundyourruleryet?4、never用于否定句译为“从不”.eg.IveneverbeentoBeijing.5、ever用于疑问句译为“曾经”eg.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?6.just“刚才”用于肯定句eg.Ihavejustreceivedaletter.,定义2中非延动与可延动的转换:,1.leave-beaway(fom)离开begin/start-beon开始2.die