基础中医英语教材-术语英译汇总(修订)

基础中医英语教材-术语英译汇总Unit 1： 黄帝内经 Huangdis Classic on Medicine / Huangdis Canon of Medicine伤寒杂病论 Treatise on Cold-Induced and Miscellaneous Diseases肘后备急方 A Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies千金方 Invaluable Prescriptions本草纲目 Compendium of Materia Medica 诸病源候论 Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of Diseases新修本草 Newly Compiled Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty针灸甲乙经 The ABC Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion素问 Plain Questions / Basic Questions灵枢 Spiritual Pivot / Miraculous Pivot五十二病方 Prescriptions for Fifty-two Ailments本草 Treatise on Herbal Medicine新修本草 Newly Compiled Materia Medica of the Tang Dynasty唐本草 The Tang-dynasty Materia Medica 胡本草 Tartar Herbal Medicine脉经 The Pulse Classic 湿症 damp ailment / 湿证 damp syndrome 湿 dampness挤压病区 press on the affected area寒病 cold diseases炎症感染 inflammatory infection草药麻醉 herbal anesthesia保持健康 maintain wellness/ maintain health临床经验 clinical experience民间医药 folk medicine中西医结合 integration/combination of TCM and Western medicine integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine (WHO世卫组织) integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine (WFCMS世中联)各类预防措施 various preventive measures预防伤寒病 guard against typhoid第一本中国药典 the first official Chinese pharmacopoeia在植物治疗学领域 in the domain of phytotherapy精通草药研究 versed in herbal medicine study从而来的治疗方法 remedies drawn from著名中医大师 renowned TCM masters/ successful TCM doctors他的植物治疗学领域的医学知识 his medical knowledge in the realm of phytotherapy医药管理与教学 the administration and teaching of medicine当代中医药著作 contemporary TCM works伤口感染的危险 the risk of infection from woundsUnit 2: 阴阳学说 theory of yin and yang / the yin-yang theory阳中之阳 yang within yang阴中之阳 yang within yin身体上部 the upper part of the body身体下部 the lower part of the body内脏 internal organs/ viscera疾病发展过程 disease progression阴阳对立 opposition of yin and yang恢复平衡的治疗手段 treatment strategies to restore balance体表 superficial aspects of the body 疾病治疗 treatment of disease; disease treatment阴虚 yin deficiency阳虚 yang deficiency阳气 yang qi卫气 wei qi /defensive qi心情,心境 state of mind阴性体质 yin constitution阴液耗伤 consumption of yin fluid虚证 deficiency syndrome实证 excess syndrome畏寒 intolerance of cold蜷卧 huddle up形寒肢冷 cold limbs and body面色晄白 a pale / pale and bright complexion语声低微 weak voice懒言 disinclined to talk呼吸浅弱 shallow, weak breathing恶寒 aversion to cold体若燔炭 hot limbs and body面色发红 flushed face声音洪亮 loud voice渴喜冷饮 thirst with preference for cold drinks不渴喜热饮 absence of thirst with preference for hot drinks小便清长 copious and clear urine小便短赤 concentrated and dark urine / dark scanty urine大便干燥 dry stools大便溏泻 loose stools 舌红苔黄 red tongue with yellow fur舌淡苔白 pale tongue with white fur芤脉 hollow pulse 洪脉 surging pulse阴阳对立 opposition of yin and yang / yin-yang opposition阴阳互根 mutual rooting of yin and yang / interdependence between yin and yang阴阳消长 waxing and waning of yin and yang阴阳转化 yin-yang conversion; conversion/ transformation of yin and yang阴阳平衡 yin-yang balance阴阳調和 yin-yang harmonyUnit 3：生克乘侮： generating, controlling, over-acting, and insulting sequence;generation, restriction, over-whelming/ subjugation, reverse restriction肝藏血, 血舍魂。The liver stores the blood, and the blood houses the ethereal soul.母病及子，子病及母。Disorders of the mother-organ affect the son-organ and those of the son-organ affect the mother-organ.“我生”者为“子”，“生我”者为 “母”。The generated element is considered as the son, and the generating element as the mother. 肝为心之母。The liver is the mother of the heart.水曰润下。Water is characterized by moistening and downward flowing/ moistening and descending. 木病传火 Wood affects fire.心克肺 The heart controls the lung.水谷精微 food qi / essence of food and drink / essence of cereal and water / pure nutritive essences / nutrients of water and food 宗气 gathering qi / pectoral qi / ancestral qi 肝气条达 free flow of liver qi胃的腐熟功能 rotting and ripening of the stomach脾的运化功能 transformation and transportation of the spleen transforming and transporting of the spleen肾阴滋养肝血 Kidney yin nourishes liver blood.胆病及心 the effect of the gallbladder on the heart胆主决断 The gallbladder controls the capacity of making decisions.肾津亏虚 dryness of the kidney肝不养心 The liver fails to nourish the heart.痰湿阻肺，则心气不行。If the lungs are obstructed by phlegm they can impair the circulation of heart qi. 肾不化水，脾气不行（/脾失健运），则湿邪阻滞。If the kidneys fail to transform fluids, the spleen will suffer and become obstructed by dampness.肝气犯胃，使脾气不升而泄泻，胃气不降而呃逆。 When liver qi invades the stomach, it prevents spleen qi from ascending, which causes diarrhea, and it prevents stomach qi from descending, which causes belching and nausea.肺热或痰火可传变于肝。Lung heat or phlegm heat may be transmitted to the liver.脾困于湿，则肾气不化，水液不通。When the spleen holds dampness, this can obstruct the kidneys function of transformation and excretion of fluids. 肾阴虚，形成虚火，上乘于心。If kidney yin is deficient, virtual fire forms and this can be transmitted to the heart. 肝气上逆，阻滞于胸。 Liver qi can stagnate upwards and obstruct the chest.肝火影响肺的肃降功能而致哮喘。 Liver fire may obstruct the descending of lung qi and cause asthma. 心火下注于肾，使肾阴虚。Heart fire can infuse downwards to the kidney and cause kidney yin deficiency.脾湿不运，阻滞气机，使肝失条达。If the spleen retains dampness, this can overflow and impair the free flow of liver qi. 心火不足，不能温养脾阳，可导致畏寒、腹泻。If heart fire deficiency is unable to warm spleen yang, it may lead to cold feeling and diarrhoea./ diarrhea.肾阴滋养肝血。Kidney yin nourishes liver blood肾阴虚 kidney yin deficiency健忘 poor memory/amnesia纳呆 poor appetite纳气 hold qi down / receive qi down / grasp qi down多疑 tendency to suspect抵抗力弱 lowered resistance周身虚弱 general weakness (面)青green, (面)赤red, (面)蜡黄sallow, (面)白white, (面)黑 dark酸 a sour taste苦 a bitter taste甘 a sweet taste辛 a pungent taste咸 a salty taste(口)淡 a flat taste (in the mouth)(口)粘 a sticky taste(in the mouth)视物模糊 blurred vision鼻干 dry nostrils/ a dry nose经常喷嚏 frequent sneezing 皮疹 skin rashes /eruption口苦口干 a bitter taste and dry sensation in the mouth口淡不欲饮食 a flat taste in the mouth without appetite尿黄 yellow urine目赤 reddish eyes, eyes congestion 舌黯红苔黄腻 dark red tongue property with yellowish and greasy fur脉缓 moderate pulse补益 tonify / replenish /strengthen益火生土 boosting fire to engender earth / supplementing fire to engender earth / tonifying fire to supplement earth 培土生金 reinforcingearthtogeneratemetal / banking up earth to engender metal / strengthening earth to generate meta / supplementing spleen to nourish lung 金水相济 Metal and water engender each other.mutual generation between metal and water滋水涵木 enriching water to moisten wood / replenishingwatertonourishwoodUnit 4:脾主运化 The spleen rules transformation and transportation.后天之本the foundation of post-natal existence / the foundation of acquired constitution /the foundation of postnatal life / source of acquired constitution 脾主升清The spleen rules the raising of the pure.The spleen directs ascending movement.The spleen rules rise of the usable substances.the spleen governing ascending脾统血 The spleen governs the blood.脾喜燥恶湿 the spleen preferring dryness to dampness 气统血 Qi commands the blood.气为血之帅 Qi is the commander of the blood.脾主肌肉、四肢 The spleen controls the fleshes and extremities. 脾开窍于口 The spleen opens at the mouth. 其华在唇 The spleen manifests on the lips 涎为脾之液 Saliva is the fluid manifestation of the spleen. 在志为思 The spleen corresponds to thought in emotions. 肝藏血 The liver stores the blood.肝主疏泄条达 The liver rules flowing and spreading。the liver governing regulatingthe liver governing free coursing调畅气机 tempering and softening the qi / regulating qi movementregulatingqiactivity / making a free flow of qi 肝气上逆 upwardadverseflowofliverqi / upward flow of liver qi肝主筋 The liver controls the sinews. 肝开窍于目 The liver opens at the eyes. 其华在爪 The liver manifests on the nails. 肝在液为泪 The liver manifests as tear in body fluids. 在志为怒 The liver corresponds to anger in emotions. 肾为先天之本 The kidney is the root of life.先天之精 primordial seed of the life / prenatal essence / innate essence肾主水液 The kidney rules water. 肾主纳气 The kidney rules the grasping of qi. the kidney receiving respiratory qi the kidney holding qi down肾藏精, 主生育、发育和成熟 （生殖）。The kidney stores essence and rule birth, development, and maturation.肾主水。 The kidney rules water.肾主纳气。 The kidney rules grasping of qi. 肾为气之根。 The kidney is the root of qi. 命门之火 life gate fire命门 vital gate 肝肾同源 liverandkidneysharingthesameorigin乙癸同源 liverandkidneysharingthesameorigin心藏神 The heart stores the spirit. 心主血脉 The heart rules the blood and blood vessels. 狭义“神” little spirit广义“神” big composite spirit肺主气 The lungs rule qi. 肺主行水,通调水道。The lungs move and adjust the water channel. 肺主行水 lung governing water metabolism肺为气之本。 The lung is the foundation of qi. 娇脏 tender organ 肺为水之上源。 The lung is the upper origin of water.肺主呼吸。 The lung governs respiration.肺主呼吸之气 lung governing respiratory qi 肺为气之主 lungbeingthegovernorofqi清浊 pure and impure / lucid and turbid排除浊气 expelling impure air肃降 descending and liquefying宣发 disseminating肺主宣发肃降lung controlling dispersing outwards and upwards/disseminating and descendinglung controlling dispersion and purificationanddescentlung controlling an upward and outward diffusing movement and a downward depurative movement胆主决断 gallbladder governing deciding Thegallbladderisresponsibleformakingjudgment. 泌别清浊 separating the clear from the turbid 心肾相交 coordination between the heart and kidneymutual communication and interaction between the heart and kidney水火相济 regulationbetweenwaterandfire有机整体an organic whole皮疹 skin eruption / rashes鼻咽部不适nose and throat disorders外邪 exogenous pathogenic factors/ exterior pernicious influences风寒 wind cold风热 wind heat风燥 wind dryness湿邪 dampness肺里实证 interior excess lung system disharmony/ interior excess syndrome in the lung自汗 spontaneous sweating; spontaneous sweats肺气虚夹湿 deficient lung qi with dampness/ deficient lung qi accompanied with dampness中药丸 herbal pill肺阴液不足deficient fluids of the lung / deficiency of lung fluids 内燥 internal dryness盗汗 night sweats, night sweating 五心烦热 five centers heat, feverish sensation over the five centers (palms, soles, and chest)思虑过度 excessive mental activity, over thinking脾气虚 deficient spleen qi非经期出血 spotting between periods/ intermenstrual bleeding 湿盛 excess damp; excessive dampness/damp渴不欲饮 thirst without desire to drinkUnit 5:补气药 herbs for invigorating qi心气的推动 promotion of heart qi 气虚血瘀 blood stasis due to qi deficiency 气滞血瘀 qi stagnation leading to blood stasis 气机紊乱 Functional activities of qi are in disorder. 气的升降出入ascending, descending, exiting and entering of qi 气机 qi activity / qi movement / the movement of qi / flow of qi面色潮红 flushed face 气陷 sinking of qi / sinking qi腹胀，伴有里急后重 abdominal distention with tenesmus 便血 bloody stools 活血药 herbs for activating blood circulation 理气药 herbs for lowering the adverse flow of qi气的固摄作用 securing function of qi 血溢于脉外 The blood escapes out of the vessels. 气不摄血 Qi fails to consolidate the blood 补气止血法 the method of tonifying qi to stop bleeding 益气固脱法 the method of replenishing qi to prevent collapse 津液阻塞 blockage of the flow of fluids / fluid blockage 津液的积聚 fluids build up abnormally 气津两伤 deficiency of both qi and fluids 水停气滞 water stopping causing qi blockage 痰饮 phlegm retention, phlegm and retained fluids气不行（或化）水 qi not moving (or transforming) water 行气药 herbs to move qi促进津液代谢的药物 herbs to promote fluid metabolism 先天之气 innate qi后天之气 acquired qi正气 healthy qi真气 genuine qi元气 original qi宗气 pectoral qi / gathering qi / ancestral qi卫气 defensive qi营气 nutritive qi精微物质 a refined essence语声低微 a weak voice毛孔开合 opening and closing of the pores气化 qi transformation气机 qi movement气生血 qi generating blood气行血 qi moving blood气摄血 qi holding blood气的温煦作用 warming function of qi气的防御作用 defending function of qi气的固摄作用 holding function of qiUnit 6: 经络学说 channel theory / meridian theory十二正经 twelve regular channels运行气血全身 transporting qi and blood in the whole body 循行路线 circulating course别络 divergent collaterals浮络 superficial collaterals孙络 tertiary collaterals / minute manjut collateral奇经八脉 eight extraordinary channels经别 branched channel十二经筋 twelve muscle regions十二皮部 twelve skin divisions / twelve cutaneous regions循行方向和交接规律 flowing direction and connecting law循经感传 channel transmission phenomenon经络现象 channel phenomenon经脉循行路线 the running course of the channels头乃诸阳之会 the head being the junction of all yang channels经气 channel qi十二经脉 twelve channels阳脉之海 sea of the yang channels阴脉之海 sea of the yin meridians任主胞胎 the Conception Vessel governing the uterus and gestation血海 sea of blood经气 meridian qi气街 pathway of qi根结 root and knot十四经 fourteen meridians经脉循行 the running course of the meridians经络诊断 meridian diagnosis 玄府 sweat pore直中 direct attack循经传 transmission along a meridian再经 disease involving other meridians过经 disease transmitting from one meridian to another经尽 disease of one meridian without transmission六经辨证 syndrome differentiation according to the six meridian theory 刺经活络 needling the meridian to activate the collateral 经络辨证 syndrome differentiation according to the meridian theory本经取穴 point selection along the affected meridian 针刺麻醉 acupuncture anesthesia针刺镇痛 acupuncture analgesia 引经药 meridian ushering drug循经取穴 selecting acupoints along the course of a meridianUnit7： 外感六淫 six exogenous factors 七情 seven emotions 过劳 overstrain 瘀血 stagnated blood 痰凝 phlegm retention 六气 six types of qi：wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness and fire时令病 occurrence of seasonal diseases 风为春季主气，但终岁常在。Wind is the predominant qi in spring but may occur at any of the four seasons. 风为百病之长。Wind is the primary exogenous pathogenic factor in causing disease. 风痰阻塞经脉wind-phlegm obstructing the channels风为阳邪，轻扬开泄于人体上部。/（风为阳邪，轻扬开泄，易袭阳位。）Wind is a yang pathogenic factor and is characterized by upward and outward dispersion in the upper part of the body. 风性善行而数变。Attacks of wind are characterized by and associated with constant movements and changes. 汗出遇冷, 淋雨或衣着单薄exposure to cold after sweating, being caught in the rain or wearing thin clothing 寒性收引、凝滞。Cold is characterized by contraction and stagnation. 筋脉挛急 spasmodic contracting of the tendons and channels升散 upward direction and dispersion 耗伤津液 consumption of body fluids 大汗 profuse sweating; profuse sweats 洪脉 a surging pulse 神智昏乱 mental confusion 暑邪 summer-heat 暑性潮湿，多挟湿邪。Summer-heat is often characterized by high humidity, it is frequently combined with pathogenic dampness. 头重胸闷 a heavy sensation in the head and chest腹胀 bloated feeling in the abdomen排泄物秽浊不清discharges from the body manifesting as suppurating sores带下异常 abnormal vaginal discharge. 舌苔厚，粘腻。The tongue will have a stubborn and sticky coating. 阻遏气机 obstructing qi circulation 脘痞腹胀 abdominal distension and fullness尿少 scanty urination 皮肤开裂 chapped skin. 火本质为阳盛。Fire is caused by replete yang qi. 火性炎上。 Fire is characterized by burning and movement in an upward direction. 口部生疮（舌与牙龈尤甚）ulcers of the mouth (particularly of the gums and tongue)牙龈肿痛 swollen and painful gums眼部充血 eye congestion迫津外泄 forcing yin fluid into the exterior of the body生风动血 stirring up wind and causing the disturbances of the blood四肢抽搐 convulsions in the limbs项强 rigid neck两目上视 upward staring of the eyes 月经过多 menorrhagia 腐蚀血肉 rotting the blood and flesh痈 carbuncle joy, anger, melancholy（pensiveness）, worry, grief, fear and fright怒伤肝，喜伤心，忧伤肺，思伤脾