2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 代词 外研版

代词【人称代词、物主代词与反身代词】类别人称人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数imemyminemyself复数weourouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves1.人称代词人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语或表语。（1）主格通常用在动词前作主语。如：i like apples.我喜欢苹果。（2）宾格通常用在动词或介词后作宾语。如：he often helps me learn english.他经常帮助我学习英语。 （动词后作宾语）my younger brother is ill.were worried about him.我弟弟生病了，我们很担心他。（介词后作宾语）2.物主代词物主代词表示所属关系，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。形容词性物主代词具有形容词的功能，不能单独使用，用在名词前作限定词。名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，其后不跟名词，名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如：this pen is mine.（=this is my pen.）这支钢笔是我的。3.反身代词反身代词表示“某人自己”的意思,是人称代词的强调形式,一般用在宾语和主语是同一人的情况下,或用来强调某人亲自做某事。其变化规则为:单数后面加self,复数后面加selves。一般用作动词或介词的宾语。反身代词的常见搭配:enjoy oneself 玩得开心;过得愉快teach oneself=learn.by oneself 自学by oneself=alone 独自hurt oneself 伤着自己help oneself to sth.随便吃点东西look after oneself 照顾自己leave sb.by oneself 把某人单独留下dress oneself 自己穿衣服lose oneself in陶醉于;沉浸于【考点训练1】1.i think its important for children to help _ (they) parents with housework.2.dont worry about_.im old enough to look after _.(i)3._ (we) computers are new，but _ (they) are old.4.i have a cat and _ name is mimi. （ ）a.its b.itsc.it d.itstheir me myself our theirs d【不定代词】不明确指代某个（些）人、某个（些）事物而起名词或形容词作用的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分。常见的不定代词如下：类别肯定意义的不定代词both,all,each,either,many,much,afew,alittle,one,other(s),theother(s),someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything否定意义的不定代词neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little功能在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等1.普通不定代词(1)some与any代词用法例句some一般用于肯定句中;但在疑问句中,当说话者希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some。somechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.一些孩子在公园里放风筝。wouldyoulikesomecoffee?你要咖啡吗？any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中;用于肯定句中表示“任何”。isthereanywaterinthebottle?瓶子里有水吗？icanseeyouatanytimeonmonday.星期一任何时间我都能见你。相同点：都表示“一些”。既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。 (2)many与much代词用法例句many修饰可数名词。therearemanystudentsontheplayground.操场上有很多学生。much修饰不可数名词。donteattoomuchjunkfood.不要吃太多垃圾食品。相同点：(1)都表示“许多”。都可以和表示程度的副词so,how等连用。(2)都可与alotof/lotsof/plentyof互换使用；alotof/lotsof/plentyof既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。(3)few,a few,little与a little(4)each与every代词用法例句each强调个体,可指两者或两者以上的人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语、定语或同位语,可与of连用。eachofthehousesisdifferent.每座房子都不同。every强调整体情况,指三者或三者以上的人或物，在句中只能作定语，不能与of连用。everystudentshouldworkhardatschool.每个学生在学校都应该努力学习。相同点：都表示“每一个”；作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。注：everyone可与of连用。（5） all,both,neither与either（6）other,the other,others,the others与another（7）none与no one代词含义用法none(三者或三者以上中)没有一个人或物其后可接of短语，noneof后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可；常用来回答由howmany引导的特殊疑问句。noone没有人其后不可接of短语，noone作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；常用来回答由who引导的特殊疑问句。none of these pens works/work.这些钢笔没有一支能用。how many people are there in that room?那个房间里有几个人？none.一个人也没有。no one(=nobody) knows what will happen in the future.没人知道将来会发生什么。who was late today?今天谁迟到了？no one.谁也没有迟到。2. 复合不定代词somebodyanybodyeverybodynobodysomeoneanyoneeveryonenoonesomethinganythingverythingnothing(1)由some和any构成的复合不定代词，其区别与some和any的区别基本相同。(2)nobody,nothing与no one表示否定意义。(3)复合不定代词常作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：everything goes well.一切顺利。(4)当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时,形容词或else必须后置。如:theres nothing interesting in todays newspaper.今天的报纸上没有有趣的事情。can you talk to anyone else?你能和别的人谈谈吗？【考点训练2】1.i always believe that _ is difficult if we try our best to do it. （ ）a.something b.anythingc.everything d.nothing2.unfortunately i was sitting at the table with smokers on _ side of me. （ ）a.either b.both c.other d.all3.hurry up,kids!the school bus is coming.we have _ time left. （ ）a.few b.a few c.little d.a little4.we cant do it that way-but whether it will work is _ matter. （ ）a.other b.another c.each d.every5.he was too tired to do _ work. （ ）a.some b.any c.each d.either6.listen to me.i have _ to tell you. （ ）a.new anything b.anything newc.new something d.something new指示代词指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。常见的指示代词包括:this这个;that那个;these这些;those那些。1.指示代词的用法指示代词用法例句this/these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的人或物。thesearemybooks.这些是我的书。指下文要提及的事。rememberthis:nopain,nogain.请记住这个：不劳则无获。that/those指在时间或空间上较远的人或物。thoseboysarefromamerica.那些男孩来自美国。指前面刚刚提过的事。shewasill;thatswhyshedidntgotoschool.她生病了，那就是为什么她没有去上学(的原因)。注意:打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方。如：thisismikespeaking.whosthat?我是迈克。你是谁?3. it，one与that的用法代词用法例句it特指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况；代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。thecakeisdelicious.ilikeitverymuch.蛋糕很美味，我很喜欢。one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类但不是同一个；其复数形式为ones。mycoatisveryold.illbuyanewone.我的外套很旧了，我要买一件新的。that常用于表示比较的句子中，代替前面出现的名词,以免重复。that指代单数名词或不可数名词，those指代复数可数名词。thepopulationofshanghaiislargerthanthatofkunming.上海的人口比昆明多。【考点训练3】用适当的(指示)代词填空。1.the weather in beijing is colder than _ in guangzhou in winter.2.only a small number of people went abroad in _ days.3.there are enough cups for each visitors to have _ .4.i cant find my ticket.i think i may have lost _.5.i dont have much time to read _ days.that those one it these【疑问代词】疑问代词通常位于句子开头，用来引导特殊疑问句，并在句中充当某一句子成分，包括who,whom,whose，what,which等。具体用法如下：疑问代词意义用法例句who谁通常作主语(指人)。whoissingingoverthere?谁在那里唱歌？whom谁通常作宾语(指人)。whom/whodidyougoswimmingwith?你和谁一起去游泳的？whose谁的表示所属关系，一般作定语，后接名词。whosecoatisthis?这是谁的外套？what什么通常指物，一般用在没有范围限制的情况下，常作主语、宾语、表语或定语。whatdoyouplantodothisweekend?这周末你打算做什么？which哪一个；哪一些指对一定范围内的人或物进行选择，常作主语、宾语或定语。whichlanguagecanyouspeak,english,chineseorfrench?你会说哪种语言，英语，汉语还是法语？注：whom是who的宾格，在口语中who也可用作宾格，但在介词后只能用whom。【考点训练4】用适当的疑问代词填空。1. _ will you do for your father on fathers day?ill make a card.2._ basketball is this?it must be jennys.she likes playing basketball.3._ teacher will you miss the most after junior high school,lisa?ms.lee.4._ is friendlier，mr.gao or miss chen?i think miss chen is friendlier.what whose which who【中考示例】(2017广西北部湾)is this your apple watch?no,it isnt _ .its lilys. ( )a.my b.mine c.your d.yours【解析】考查代词的用法。句意：这是你的苹果手表吗? 不是，它不是我的(手表)，它是莉莉的(手表)。根据句意可知，空格处表示“我的(手表)”，应用i的名词性物主代词mine，相当于my watch。1.(2017云南)the little girl is so smart.she can make a cake by _（she) without help.2.(2017临沂)we can read about everything in books.they provide hope to _（we).3.(2017宿迁)i left my dictionary at home.can i borrow _（you)?4.(2017上海)last week the students went skating and enjoyed _（them) very much.5.(2017台州改编)the nice little dog waved _（it) tail happily,welcoming the owner back home.herself us yours themselves its 6.(2017北京)my father is a worker._ is very kind. （ ）a.he b.she c.his d.it7.(2017安徽)is this ipad yours? （ ）yes.my parents bought _ for my language learning.a.one b.it c.other d.another8.(2017昆明)excuse me，whats your name? _ name is betty. （ ）a.my b.his c.her d.your9.(2017泰州)he got up to get some hot water but found there was _ left in the bottle. （ ）a.a few b.fewc.a little d.little10.(2017扬州)brya