2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 动词的时态 外研版

动词的时态【动词的时态】初中阶段学习的时态有以下八种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时。前六种为常考时态，要掌握各时态的构成、用法以及标志性时间状语。【一般现在时】谓语形式用法例句动词原形或第三人称单数形式（do/does）表示经常或习惯性的动作。ioftengotoschoolatseven.我经常在七点钟去上学。表示现在的状态。itistwelveoclocknow.现在12点了。表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征等。helookslikehisfather.他看起来像他爸爸。表示客观事实和普遍真理。thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.太阳东升西落。在时间、条件状语从句中，代替一般将来时。ifitdoesntraintomorrow,iwillleave.如果明天不下雨我将离开。go,come,leave,arrive等动词常用一般现在时表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。thetraintobeijingleavesat5:30.开往北京的火车5:30离开。时间标志always,usually,often,sometimes,everyday/year/week,onsunday,twiceaweek.【考点训练1】1.my father is a teacher and he _ (teach) in a middle school.2.yesterday the teacher told us the earth _ (go) around the sun.3.when shall we begin our meeting?well begin it when helen _ . （ ）a.comes b.camec.will come d.come4.how do you usually go to school?i usually _ to school on foot. （ ）a.go b.wentc.was going d.will go答案：teaches goes a a【一般过去时】谓语形式用法例句动词的过去式（did）表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。imethiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上遇见他了。表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为，常和often,always等频度副词连用。heoftenwenttoschoolbybuslastterm.上学期他经常乘公共汽车去上学。时间标志yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastnight/week/year,amomentago,justnow,then,in2000,whenhewasveryyoung.要点提醒：“used to+动词原形”表示过去的习惯或状态。如：mum used to tell us stories.妈妈过去常给我们讲故事。【考点训练2】1.mike _ (not go) to bed until 12 oclock last night.2.he asked if i _ (be) a student.3.will you please say it again?i _ quite _ you. （ ） a.dont;hear b.didnt;hearc.dont;heard d.didnt;heard4.he _ go out with his parents,but now he _ staying at home alone. （ ）a.used to;is used tob.is used to;used toc.use to;is used tod.used to;used to答案：didnt go was b a【一般将来时】谓语形式用法例句will/shall+动词原形(shall用于第一人称)；be(am/is/are)goingto+动词原形表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。myfriendswillgotoamericaintwodays.两天后我的朋友们将去美国。look！itsgoingtorain.瞧，要下雨了。表示按计划、打算要做的事，多用begoingto。imgoingtoclimbthemountainthisafternoon.今天下午我打算去爬山。时间标志tomorrow,nextweek/month/year,inafewdays(in+时间段),inthefuture,fromnowon,soon.要点提醒：be going to与will的区别1.be going to 指已计划好的事或思考过的意图、打算，will表示未事先思考或未计划而临时做出的决定。如：im going to see him tomorrow.我打算明天去看他。（事先经过思考）ill answer the door.我去开门。（未经事先考虑）2. be going to可表示客观迹象表明马上要发生的事，而will则表明说话者的主观意愿。如：look at the clouds.there is going to be a storm.看看这些云，暴风雨就要来了。（客观迹象表明要发生）i hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天会暖和起来。（主观意愿）3.在含有条件状语从句的复合句的主句中，一般用will，不用 be going to。 如：i will come if it doesnt rain.如果不下雨的话，我就来。【考点训练3】1._ a concert in our school next saturday. （ ）a.there is b.there arec.there will be d.there will have2.if they can arrive by 9:00 am,we _ a meeting. （ ）a.have b.will havec.had d.would have3.he _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. （ ）a.gives b.gavec.will giving d.is going to give答案：c b d【现在进行时】谓语形式用法例句am/is/are+现在分词（doing）表示说话时正在进行的动作。theyarewatchingtvnow.他们正在看电视。表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（常与thesedays等连用）。thesedayswereworkingonthefarm.这些天我们在农场干活。与always,forever等词连用表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感。aliceisalwaysthinkingofothers.艾丽斯总是想着别人。表示位置移动的动词，如come,go,leave,arrive等常用现在进行时表示最近即将发生的动作。imcoming.我这就来。weareleavingtomorrow.我们明天将离开。时间标志now,look！,listen！,atthe/thismoment.【考点训练4】1.they _ （have) a math test in the classroom now.2.look! he _ (lie) on the beach.3.pass the raincoat to me.it _ hard now.here you are. （ ）a.rain b.is rainingc.rained d.will rain4.cathy,can you answer the door?i _ the room.im coming,mum. （ ）a.cleanb.cleanedc.have cleaned d.am cleaning答案：are having is lying b d【过去进行时】谓语形式用法例句was/were+现在分词（doing）表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作(动作发生的时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明)。iwaswatchingtvateightoclocklastnight.昨天晚上八点我正在看电视。shewasreadingbooksalldaylastsaturday.上周六她一整天都在看书。与always,forever等词连用表示赞扬、厌恶或不满等情感。hewasforevercomplainingaboutsomething.他老是怨这怨那。时间标志atthattime,atthistimeyesterday,at9:00lastnight,fromninetotenlastnight,when/while引导的时间状语从句等要点提醒：1.在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作常用过去进行时，另一个短暂性动作用一般过去时。如：when the ufo landed,i was shopping at the clothes store.当ufo落地时，我正在服装店买衣服。2.表示两个延续性动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，不考虑动作的先后顺序，主句和从句的谓语动词都用过去进行时，连词常用while。如：tom was doing his homework while i was reading a newspaper.我在看报纸时，汤姆在做作业。【考点训练5】1.mike and i _ (play) basketball at that time yesterday afternoon.2.while mr.johnson _ (work) in the office,the phone rang.3.the girl _ for the bus when the rainstorm came. （ ）a.waited b.have waitedc.is waiting d.was waiting4.jenny,i called you at nine last night,but you didnt pick up.oh,i _ a popular program called go fighting!. （ ）a.watch b.watchedc.was watching d.am watching答案：were playing was working d c【现在完成时】谓语形式用法例句have/has+过去分词表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。ihaveseenthefilmalready.我已经看过这部电影了。（已知电影内容）表示过去开始的动作或状态，一直持续到现在乃至将来（谓语常用延续性动词，与sofar,since/for.连用）。ihavestudiedintheschoolsince2009.自从2009年我就在这所学校学习。时间标志already,just,yet,sofar,uptonow,ever,sincethen,in/duringthepast.years,“since+过去时间点”,“since+一般过去时从句”,“for+时间段”.要点提醒：1.have/has been to,have/has gone to与have/has been in（考点讲解详见p74考点1）2.延续性动词与非延续性动词英语中的动词按动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词两种，非延续性动词也可称为短暂性动词或瞬间动词。在现在完成时态中，有时要将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词，这样才能和时间段连用。转换方法如下：（1）将短暂性动词转换为“be+形容词或副词”。请看下表：begin/startbeongotherebetherecomebackbebackcomeherebehereopenbeopenclosebecloseddiebedeadmarry/getmarriedbemarriedfinish/endbeovergotobedbeinbedleavebeawayreturnbebackgetoutbeoutfallasleepbeasleepwakeupbeawakefallillbeillarrive/reach/gettobein/atjoinbein/beamemberof如：这间商店开门6小时了。the shop has opened for 6 hours.( )the shop has been open for 6 hours.( )（2） 有的短暂性动词可以转换为意思相同的延续性动词。请看下表：borrowkeep(借）becomebe(成为）buyhave/own(买）catch/getacoldhaveacold(感冒）gettoknowknow(认识）gotosleepsleep(睡觉）putonwear(穿）receivehave(收到）如：这本书我借了一个月了。i have borrowed the book for one month.( )i have kept the book for one month.( )3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如i bought a ticket yesterday.我昨天买了一张票。(强调我昨天做的一件事是买票)i have already bought a ticket.我已经买了一张票。(强调我已经有票了,无须再惦记票的事了)4.现在完成时的其他句型【考点训练6】1. you _ your homework yet?yes.i _ it a moment ago. （ ）a.did;do;finishedb.have;done;finishedc.have;done;have finishedd.will;do;finish2.his father _ the party since 1978. （ ）a.joined b.has joinedc.was in d.has been in3.miss green isnt in the office.she to the library. （ ）a.has gone b.wentc.will go d.has been答案：b d a【过去完成时】谓语形式用法例句图示had+过去分词表示在过去的过去发生的动作或存在的状态。ihadhadthreepiecesofcakewhenyouarrived.你来的时候我已经吃了三块蛋糕了。表示过去某一动作或状态持续到过去另一时间。theoldmanhadlivedinshanghaifortenyearsbeforetomcamehere.汤姆来这儿之前，这个老人已经住在上海十年了。时间标志bythetime.,before,when等构成的短语或引导的从句【考点训练7】1.在我们到达电影院之前，电影已经开始了。the film _ before we _ to the cinema.2.警察赶到时，小偷已经逃跑了。when the police _,the thief _ .答案：had begun got arrived had run away【过去将来时】谓语形式用法例句would+动词原形；was/weregoingto+动词原形表示在过去某个时间点看将要发生的动作或存在的状态（多用于间接引语或宾语从句中）。was/weregoingto多用于口语中，表示根据计划或安排即将发生的事。shesaidshewouldbebackthenextday.她说明天她将回来。mr.greentoldusweweregoingtohaveapartyattheweekend.格林先生告诉我们周末我们要举办一个晚会。时间标志thenextday,thefollowingweek.【考点训练8】1.李明说如果布莱恩下个月来中国，他将会很高兴。li ming said he _ happy if brian came to china the next month.2.蒂娜说她下周三打算来参加我的生日派对。tina said she _ my birthday party the next wednesday.答案：would be was going to【中考示例】(2017广西)if he _ guilin,hell probably go to yangshuo. ( )a.visits b.is visitingc.will visit d.has visited【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：如果他游览桂林，他有可能会去阳朔。if引导条件状语从句时，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，从句中用一般现在时表示将来。【考题热身】1.(2017甘肃)i promise i _ （send) you an email to explain all of these tomorrow.2.(2017甘肃)be quiet! the patients _（sleep).3.(2017鄂州)sandys grandparents _ （marry) for 50 years.4.(2017台州改编)a true friend always _（support) you whenever you are in trouble.5.(2017宿迁)i _（wash) the dishes while my sister was sweeping the floor.6.(2017云南)what do you think of your hometown, kate?it a lot.its more beautiful than before. （ ）a.has changed b.changesc.will change d.change7.(2017武汉)linda is not coming for the party tonight.but she _！ （ ）a.promises b.promisedc.will promise d.had promised8.(2017毕节)its nice to see you again.we _ each other since 2016. （ ）a.wont see b.havent seenc.dont see d.didnt see9.(2017黔东南)if it doesnt rain this weekend,we _ a picnic in the jinquan park. （ ）a.h