2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 数词 外研版

数词【数词】表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词分为基数词和序数词两类，基数词表示数目的多少，序数词表示顺序。 基数词与序数词1. 基数词的构成数字基数词形式示例012独立词zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319个位数+teen(13,15,18稍特殊)thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090(整十)个位数+ty(20,30,40,50,80稍有变化)twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，sixty，seventy，eighty，ninety2199(非整十)整十位数+“”+个位数twentyone21，fiftyfive55101999(非整百)百位数与十位数或个位数之间用and连接。fivehundredandnine509，twohundredandthirtyfive235几百、几千等在hundred,thousand等词前加基数词。onehundred，twothousand2. 序数词的构成数字序数词变化规则示例13特殊变化first，second,third419对应的基数词+th(第5,8,9,12稍不同)fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth，ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth,fifteenth,sixteenth,seventeenth,eighteenth,nineteenth2090(整十)将对应的基数词变ty为tie，再加-thtwentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth2199,101999(整十、整百除外)只将个位数变为序数词twentyfirst,thirtyfifth，onehundredandtwentyninth整百、整千等在hundred，thousand等词词尾加-thtwohundredth,onethousandth注意：序数词的缩写形式由阿拉伯数字加序数词的后两个字母构成。如：first-1st sixth-6th 巧记口诀： 基变序，有规律，结尾加上th; 一二三，特殊记，结尾字母t,d,d; 八去t，九去e，f来把ve替; ty将y变ie，后加th别忘记； 要是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。3.基数词与序数词的用法(1)表示数量(用基数词)。如：i have six pencils.我有六支铅笔。(2)表示时刻(用基数词)表达法示例时在前,分在后7:45sevenforty-five分在前,时在后在30分钟（含30分钟）以内时，用“分钟数+past+时数”表示8:20twentypasteight10:15fifteenpastten12:30halfpasttwelve超过30分钟时，用“分钟数+to+下一时数”表示6:47thirteentoseven9:56fourtoten11:40twentytotwelve几刻钟二刻钟twoquarters九点一刻aquarterpastnine(3)表示年龄(用基数词)表达法示例基数词(+yearsold)，基数词1时，year用复数hesfour（yearsold).他四岁了。基数词yearold，常作定语，year用单数shesaneightyearoldgirl.她是一个八岁的女孩。“attheageof+基数词”表示“在岁时”attheageoften在十岁时“inones+整十的复数形式”表示“在某人几十多岁时”inhisforties在他四十多岁时(4) 表示编号表达法示例名词+基数词(首字母大写)the+序数词+名词(首字母不大写)第一课lessonone=thefirstlesson第九页pagenine=theninthpage九年级三班classthree,gradenine207房间room207(5)表示日期(年、月、日)、年代及世纪年用基数词，日用序数词，读时前面加定冠词the。年份可整体读,也可以先读前两位数,再读后两位数。内容表达法示例月,日,年月+the+序数词,年1998年6月3日junethethird，nineteenninetyeight日,月,年the+序数词+of+月,年2009年8月25日thetwentyfifthofaugust，twothousandandnine年代“inthe+年份的复数形式”表示“在几世纪几十年代”在20年纪40年代inthe1940s/1940s/nineteenforties世纪“the+序数词+century”或“the+百位进数+s”在21世纪inthetwentyfirst/21stcenturyinthe1900s在20世纪（6）表示分数、倍数分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词分子为1时,分母用单数分子1时,分母加s1/5onefifth注意:1/2通常用a/onehalf1/4通常用a/onequarter2/3twothirds5/6fivesixths4/7foursevenths倍数twice表示两倍,两倍以上用基数词+times表示，如：fivetimes五倍注意：(1)序数词前面通常要加定冠词the，若序数词前有my，his等限定词修饰时，则不加the。如：my parents are in the second photo.我父母在第二张照片里。(2)序数词前加不定冠词a/an,表示“又一；再一”。如：youve tried two times.why not try a third time? 你已经试了两次。为何不再试一次呢？(3)“基数词+more+复数名词”表示“又；再”，通常可与“another+基数词+复数名词”的结构互换使用。如：lucy gave me two more apples.=lucy gave me another two apples.露西又给了我两个苹果。【考点训练1】1.helen loves reading.she has read _ (five) books this month.2.sunday is the _ (one) day of a week.3.rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her _ (seventeen) birthday.4.youd better take this medicine _ (two) a day.5.boys and girls，please turn to page _ and look at the _ picture. （ ）a.sixth;six b.six;sixc.six;sixth d.sixth;sixth答案：five first seventeenth twice c概数词1.表示确切的数字（具体数字+概数词+复数名词）hundred，thousand，million等词与具体数字（如one，two）连用时，要用单数形式（其后不加s），一般不与of连用。如：three hundred students三百名学生2.表示不确切的数字（概数词加s+of+复数名词）hundred，thousand，million等词与of连用时，要用复数形式（其后加s），此时前面不能再加数字。如：thousands of people成千上万的人【考点训练2】1.there are about five _ (thousand) students in our school.2. _（million) of people in the world are sending and receiving emails every day.3.it is reported that people throw _ plastic bags along this street every week. （ ）a.hundred b.hundreds c.hundred of d.hundreds of答案：thousand millions d【考题热身】1.(2017云南)the _（thirteen) games of china will be held in tianjin from august 27 to september 8.2.(2017上海)my school is going to have an open day on the _（ten) of next month.3.(2017盐城)yancheng has the _（two) largest population of more than 8 million in jiangsu province.4.(2017长春)jims aunt bought him a new model ship on his _（seven) birthday.5.(2017甘肃)the boy got the _（one) place in the singing competition.6.(2017呼和浩特)how old is your daughter? _ .we had a special party for her _ birthday yesterday.（ ）a.nine;nine b.nine;ninthc.ninth;ninth d.ninth;nine7.(2017毕节)two _ students in our school are from the countryside. （ ）a.hundred of b.hundreds ofc.hundred d.hundreds8.(2017潍坊)“food safety” has become one of the hottest topics recently. yeah,it receives _ internet hits a day. （ ）a.thousands b.thousands ofc.thousand d.hundreds9.(2017甘肃)there are twelve boys and thirteen girls in class four,which means _ students in total. （ ）a.33 b.