2018年中考英语知识归纳复习专题 连词与从句 外研版

连词与从句【连词】用来连接词与词、短语与短语，以及句子与句子的词叫连词。连词属于虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词按其性质可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句和状语从句。1.并列连词并列连词是指用来连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词（如and,but,or,so等），可表示并列、顺承、转折、选择、因果等关系。常见并列连词（短语）用法如下：关系连词（短语）意义例句说明并列关系and和；又sheiskindandpatient.她既友好又有耐心。表并列，and前后的词意义相近，否定句中用or。然后hecameinandtookoffhiscoat.他进来然后脱掉外套。表示动作先后。那么becareful，andyouwillmakefewermistakes.细心点，你就会少犯错误。祈使句+and+陈述句（表结果）。both.and.两者都bothlindaandamylikereading.琳达和埃米都喜欢阅读。连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。并列关系neither.nor.既不也不mr.gaoneitherdrinksnorsmokes.高先生既不喝酒也不抽烟。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。notonly.butalso.不但而且notonlyhebutalsoiamexcitedaboutthenews.不但他而且我也对这个消息感到兴奋。转折关系but但是themanispoor，butheishappy.这个人很穷，但他很快乐。不能与(al)though同时使用。while然而ilikeredwhileshelikesblue.我喜欢红色而她喜欢蓝色。强调对比关系。选择关系or或者whoistaller,samorjohn?谁更高，萨姆还是约翰？表示选择。否则；要不然studyhard，oryoullfailtheexam.努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。祈使句+or+陈述句（表结果）。either.or.或者或者eithermilkorcoffeeisok.牛奶或咖啡都可以。连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式遵循“就近原则”。因果关系so因此；所以hewasill,sohedidntgotoschool.他生病了，因此没有去上学。不能与because同时使用。2.从属连词从属连词主要用来引导宾语从句（if,whether）和状语从句（如when,because,until等）。常见从属连词用法见以下考点2宾语从句和考点3状语从句的讲解。【考点训练1】1.the flight was delayed by the storm,_ the passengers had to wait at the airport. （ ）a.but b.or c.so d.for2.theres no ticket left for lang langs piano concert. _you _ your sister can go to it. （ ）a.both;and b.not only;but alsoc.either;or d.neither;nor3.lucy is very young,_ she can live on her own. （ ）a.and b.or c.so d.but4.i want to be a teacher when i grow up.work hard, _ your dream will come true. （ ）a.or b.andc.but d.if5.tina,put your heart into study,_ youll fail the coming math exam.ok,i will. （ ） a. and b.but c.or d.so答案：c ddbc【宾语从句】在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。其结构是：主句+引导词+从句。学习时要掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序、时态1.引导词引导词作用例句that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略。hesaid（that）katewasgoodatswimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。if/whether意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略。heaskedmeifmissgaowasateacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。what,which,who,whose,whom连接代词,在从句中充当一定的成分（作主语、宾语、定语等）。idontknowwhattheyaregoingtodo.我不知道他们将要做什么。when,where,why,how连接副词,在从句中通常作状语。couldyoutellmewhereyouaregoing?你能告诉我你要去哪儿吗？2.语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序：主语+谓语+其他。如：do you know where the nearest hotel is?你知道最近的旅馆在哪里吗？3. 时态时态规律例句主句为一般现在时时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，根据实际情况使用相应的时态。irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。主句为(一般)过去时时,宾语从句只能使用过去的某种时态。kateaskedwhattomwasdoingthen.凯特问汤姆那时正在做什么。从句表示的是客观事实、真理等时，宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制，用一般现在时。mr.gaotoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.高老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。注意：在以could you 开头的复合句中，could通常不表示过去时态，仅表示委婉语气，从句的时态要根据实际情况而定。如：could you tell me where helen lives?你能告诉我海伦住在哪里吗？could you tell me where you went last weekend?你能告诉我上周末你去了哪里吗？要点提醒：宾语从句的简化当主句的谓语动词是tell,ask,show,teach等,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。此结构中的疑问词包括what,which,how,when,where等。如:could you tell me how i can get to the station?could you tell me how to get to the station?【考点训练2】1.do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?some english songs，i guess. （ ）a.what b.whenc.why d.how2.could you tell me _ a moment ago? （ ）a.what were they talking aboutb.what are they talking aboutc.what they were talking aboutd.what they are talking about3.can you tell me _?sure.he lives on center street. （ ）a.where does he liveb.where he livesc.why he lives thered.what does he do4.could you please tell me _？sorry,im new here. （ ）a.where can i buy some juiceb.when does the supermarket closec.how to get to the libraryd.what time does the movie begin答案：acbc状语从句在复合句中用作状语的从句叫状语从句。根据其表达的意思可分为时间、条件、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、地点、方式等类型。具体用法如下：类型引导词例句时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,not.until.,assoonasiwaswatchingtvwhilemymomwascooking.我看电视的时候，我妈妈在做饭。条件状语从句if,aslongas,unlesswewillgoforapicnicifitdoesntrain.如果不下雨，我们就去野餐。原因状语从句because,as,sincesincewehavegotreadyforit,letssetoff.既然我们做好了准备，那就出发吧。目的状语从句sothat,inorderthathegotupearlysothathecouldcatchhistrain.他为了赶上火车起得很早。结果状语从句so/such.that.itissuchaheavyboxthaticantcarryit.这个盒子如此重我搬不动它。让步状语从句though,although,evenif/though,whatever,whenever.heoftenhelpsothersthoughheisnotrich.尽管他不富裕，但他经常帮助别人。比较状语从句than,as.as.,notas/so.as.heranasfastasjim.他跑得和吉姆一样快。地点状语从句where,whereverbobwouldliketogowhereverhelikes.鲍勃想去他喜欢的任何地方。方式状语从句as,asif/thoughyouspeakasifyouhadreallybeenthere.你讲得好像你真的去过那儿一样。要点提醒：1.在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。如：ill ring you up as soon as i get to beijing.我一到北京就给你打电话。【考点训练3】1.does your mother have a hobby?no，_ you call going shopping a hobby. （ ）a.unless b.becausec.although d.if2.life is like a mirror. _ you smile at it,it will smile back. （ ）a.unless b.whenc.until d.though 3._ he had failed many times,he didnt give up and succeeded in the end. （ ）a.unless b.althoughc.if d.since4.there will be less pollution _ more people use public transportation. （ ）a.but b.though c.unless d.if5.mary had _ much work to do that she stayed at her office all day. （ ）a.such b.so c.too d.very答案：abbdb【定语从句】在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词或修饰整个句子的从句叫定语从句。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。定语从句须用关系代词（who,whom,whose,which,that)和关系副词(when,where,why)来引导,它们位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系词常有三个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。其用法如下：1.关系代词的基本用法关系代词在从句中的成分先行词例句that主语、宾语、表语人，物thewatch(that)myfatherboughtwasmadeinshanghai.我爸爸买的那块表是上海制造的。who主语、宾语、表语人doyouknowtheteacherwhowearsglasses?你知道戴眼镜的那位老师吗？whom宾语人theboy(whom)mymotherwastalkingtoismycousin.我妈妈正与之交谈的那个男孩是我的堂兄。which主语、宾语、表语物ilikemusic(which)icansingalongwith.我喜欢我能跟着一起唱的音乐。whose定语人，物thelittlegirlwhosehairiscurlywonthefirstprize.那个卷发小女孩赢得了第一名。（1）关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中作宾语时通常可以省略。(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，谓语动词的数要与先行词的数保持一致。如：the girls who are dancing there are my friends.那边在跳舞的女孩们是我的朋友。2. 关系副词的基本用法关系副词在从句中的成分先行词例句when状语时间illneverforgetthedaywhenijoinedthemusicclub.我从不会忘记我加入音乐俱乐部的那天。where状语地点iwenttothevillagewheremyfatherwasbornlastweek.我上周去了我爸爸出生的那个村庄。why状语原因hedidntsaythereasonwhyhewaslate.他没有说他迟到的原因。【考点训练4】1.where is the camera _ my father bought in japan?oh,let me see.i put it in your suitcase. （ ）a.when b.whosec.that d.what2.the teenagers like the musician _ different kinds of music. （ ）a.who play b.which plays c.who plays d.that play3.keep running is a very relaxing tv programme _ is hot among the teenagers. （ ）a.which b.whatc.who d.whose4. according to a survey,people _ are able to speak two languages can manage two things at the same time more easily. （ ）a.which b.whom c.whose d.who答案：ccad【中考示例】1.(2017广西北部湾)his mother doesnt like to throw away old things _ they are useless. ( )a.but b.becausec.even if d.so that2.(2017广西北部湾)could you tell me _ ?once a month. ( )a.how often do you go to the supermarketb.how often you go to the supermarketc.how soon will you go to the supermarketd.how soon you will go to the supermarketb【解析】1.考查连词的用法。句意：他的妈妈不喜欢扔掉旧东西，即使它们没有用了。a项意为“但是”，表转折；b项意为“因为”，表因果；c项意为“即使”，表让步；d项意为“以便”，表目的。由语境可知c项符合题意。 2.考查宾语从句。根据答语可知问句询问的是频率，要用how often提问，排除c、d项；宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除a项。【考题热身】1.(2017云南)youll get good grades _ you work hard. （ ）a.although b.soc.if d.unless2.(2017云南)could you tell me _ ?the movie fast and furious(激情) 8. （ ）a.where you saw the movieb.which movie you like bestc.where did you see the movied.which movie do you like best3.(2017上海)the two companies decided to work together _ they had common interest. （ ）a.because b.unlessc.but d.or4.(2017德州)many people like reading newspapers _ they can learn whats happening in the world. （ ）a.so that b.ever sincec.as soon as d.even though5.(2017天津)its not always safe to pay over the internet，_ you should be careful. （ ）a.so b.afterc.because d.as soon as6.(2017毕节)this is the best book _ i have ever read.i like it very much. （ ）a.which b.thatc.who d.when7.(2017黔东南)could you t