阅读理解一PPT课件

.,1,中考英语阅读理解(一)解题策略,左权二中张学转,.,2,阅读理解,33.3,12.5,12.5,12.5,16.7,4.2,8.3,单选,完形,书面表达,听力,词语运用,对话,各类题型在中考试卷中所占比例,.,3,.阅读理解的题材和体裁,2.记叙文,1.应用文,3.说明文,幽默故事类,名人传记类,图表信息类,广告宣传类,动植物世界类,文化采风类,科学普及类,体育世界类,新闻报道类,文化教育类,励志故事类,.,4,山西省进5年所选文章的题材和体裁,.,5,.因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下几种:,主旨大意题,细节理解题,词义猜测题,推理判断题,.,6,2013中考,阅读理解考点所占比例,70,5,15,10,细节理解,推断理解,猜测词义,主旨大意,.,7,阅读理解题目的设置方式,1.细节理解题这种题目比较简单，一般针对某个特定的细节提问，属表层信息理解试题。只要通读全文，了解文中所述的重要事实或细节，就可以直接或间接找出答案依据。细节题的主要提问方式如下：(1)Whichofthefollowingisright?(2)WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentioned?(3)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthepassage?(4)Fromthispassageweknow_.(5)Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingexcept_.(6)Theauthorstatesthat_.(7)Accordingtothepassage,when/where/why/how/who/.?,.,8,2.逻辑推理判断题这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系，在对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时还要联系作者的写作意图、态度等弦外之音，文外之意加以推理，才能获得正确答案。推理判断题的主要提问方式如下：（1）Wecanguessthewriteofthelettermaybea_.（2）Wecaninferfromthepassage/articlethat_.（3）Fromthestory/passagewecanknow/guess_.（4）Whatwouldhappenif_?（5）Howdidthewriterfeel_?（6）Thewriterbelievesthat_.（7）Thewritersuggeststhat_.,阅读理解题目的设置方式,.,9,此类题目主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段），要求在理解全文的基础上归纳短文要点，概括中心思想。解答此类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，如涉及文章的标题、主题、结论、结局等，需细读短文，抓住主要意思，并获取文章中的隐含信息。主旨大意题常用提问方式：（1）Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat_（2）Thetitleofthepassagecanbe_.（3）Thewritertriestotellus_.（4）Fromthestorywecansee/learn/say_（5）Themainidea/pointofthispassageis_.（6）Whatisthispassageabout?（7）Whatsthebesttitleofthispassage?(8)Thepurposeofthewriterinwritingthispassageis_.,阅读理解题目的设置方式,3.归纳主旨大意题,.,10,阅读理解题目的设置方式,4.词意猜测题考查内容多为名词、动词、词组甚至句子。英语中很多单词和词组在不同的语言环境中有着不同的内涵，掌握大量单词和习语是重要的，但语言是活的东西，做这类题时，考生应尽可能通过上下文猜测词义，即利用所熟悉的词或短语和上下文已知的部分来进行合理推理，有时还需要依据常识和经验。（1）Theword“”inthepassageprobablymeans_.（2）Theunderlinedword“”inthepassagerefersto_.（3）Inthestorytheunderlinedword“”means_.（4）Here“”means_.（5）“”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?（6）Theexpression/phrase“”means_.（7）Theword“”iscloseinmeaningto_.,.,11,.阅读理解解题步骤及技巧,一初读文章注意首末段原则，首末句原则，了解文章论述的主要内容以及作者的态度。二读文章找依据初定答案（找出处、划线);三看文章找细节推敲答案;四读文章终定答案。这“四步法”综合了略读、跳读、找读和查读等阅读技巧。在第一遍阅读时，可用略读或跳读的方式阅读全文，不必注意细节或具体事实，只求对文章有一个总体印象，了解中心思想和作者的基本观点，记住文中的信息方位。浏览题目后，再读文章要带着题目有的放矢地在文中圈圈划划、做标记，查找解答题目的依据，避免毫无目的地通读文章，许多局部性题目都可以通过原文中的一两句话直接找到答案。第三、第四次阅读主要是定夺答案。,注意：先看试题,然后带着问题再看文章.,.,12,记叙文阅读主要抓四大要素，即时间、地点、人物和事件的起因、发展和结果，以及人物之间的关系、表现，从中分析他们思想品质、性格特征等。在记叙文的结尾部分常有表示作者态度、观点、立场、评价等议论，因此在阅读时必须正确把握文章的论点和论据，理清论证思路，再进行逻辑推理得出结论。,说明文是对客观事物和现象的性状、特点、功能和用途等做科学的说明和解释，所以在阅读时要尊重科学尊重文章本意，不能擅自做主，凭空想象。,应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简历，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格、地址、网址等，对这类文体的阅读应简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。,不同文体阅读注意事项：,.,13,1.略读粗略地阅读语言材料的面式读法。通过略读获取阅读材料的主要内容和大意。快速阅读时，训练学生略读文章标题判断预测主要内容。略读首尾段、首尾句了解文章大意。,2.跳读带着明确目的寻找特定信息，忽略无关内容的点式阅读。跳读适用于细节检索式问题。,3.找读根据所读的题目信息中关键的词语，比如人名、地名、组织名称、特殊词语等，进行查找。,阅读基本技能,(五个W,who,what,when,where,why),.,14,(A)Wanttoknowwhatwecandotohelpmakeourcityabetterplacetolivein?Whynottakepartin“Clean&GreenWeekend”?Joinus,andyoucanmakenewfriendsandhelpprotecttheenvironmentatthesametime.,ParkLifeDoyoulikehangingoutintheparkwithyourfriends?Ifso,whynottakethechancetocomewithusandtidyuptheparkasyougo?Toaddsomefun,thereisagiftforthepersonwhocollectsthemostrubbish!MeetusatthesouthentrancetoTaoheParkat9amnextSaturdayifyouwanttojoinin.,TheAirYouBreatheAgreatwaytomaketheairwebreathecleanerisbyplantinglotsoftrees!Itisafactthattreesslowlyfilter(过滤)alotofpollutantsfromtheair.SocomeandhelpusplantsomenewonesinFenheParkat2pmnextSunday.,WaronGraffiti(涂鸦)Somepeoplethinkgraffitiiscool.Well,itisnot!Thebestwaytostopbuildingsfrombecomingtotallycoveredinuglygraffitiistogetridofitassoonaspossible.Andthatisexactlywhatwearegoingtodo.Wearerepaintingtheschoolwallsfrom1pmonSaturday.Youdonthavetobringanytools,justremembertowearsomeoldclothes!,46,47,48,49,50,.2013年阅读理解试题解析,.,15,46.Themainpurposeof“Clean&GreenWeekend”isto_.A.makeourcitymorebeautifulB.offerthechancetohavefunC.helpstudentsmeetoldfriends47.Thestudentswhowanttojoinintherubbishcollectingactivitymustmeet_.A.at1pmonSaturdayB.at2pmnextSundayC.at9amnextSaturday48.Ifweregoingtorepainttheschoolwalls,weneedto_.A.drawpictureswellB.wearsomeoldclothesC.bringsometoolswithus49.Accordingtothepassage,weknow_.A.graffiticanmakethebuildingslookcoolB.thepersonwhocollectsrubbishcangetagiftC.wecanplanttreestoimprovetheenvironment50.Wemightreadtheabovepassage_.A.inafashionmagazineB.onaschoolnoticeboardC.inanewspaperadvertisement,细节理解题,细节理解题,细节理解题,逻辑推理题,细节理解题,A,C,B,C,B,.,16,(B)1.Donaldwasnotverygoodatmath.Hecouldntunderstandtheteachersexplanations.Evenwhentheteacherexplainedsomethingasecondtime,Donaldstillcouldntunderstandit.2.“Nevermind.”Donaldtoldhimself,“Imquitegoodatothersubjects.Illcheatinthemathexamtogetagoodgrade,thenIwontbeintrouble.3.“Illsitnexttotheboywhodoesbestinmath,”hethought,“andcopydownhisanswers.”4.Thedayoftheexamcame,andDonaldsatnexttoTommy,whowasalwaysatthetopoftheclassinmath.DonaldcarefullycopiedTommysanswersontohisownexampaper.Attheendtheexam,theteachercollectedthepapersandgradedthemintime.5.Thenshesaid,”Well,boysandgirls,Ivedecidedtogiveaprizetothestudentwhogotthehighestgrade.ItsdifficultformetodecidewhoIllgivetheprizeto,however,becausetwostudents,DonaldandTommy,gotthesamegrade.”6.“Letthemshareit,”oneoftheotherstudentssaid.7.“Ivethoughtaboutthat,”theteachersaid,“butIvedecidedtogivetheprizetooneofthem.”8.Thestudentsweresurprisedwhentheyheardthis.Theysaid,“Thatsnotfair.Theygotthesamegrade.”9.“Thatstrue.”Theteachersaid,“However,TommysanswertoQuestion18wasIdontknowwhileDonaldswasNeitherdoI.”,51,52,53,54,.,17,51.Donaldwantedtocheatbecause_.A.hedidntdowellinanysubjectsB.histeacherdidntexplainthingswellC.hewantedtogetagoodgradeinmath52.Donald_duringtheexam.A.satbehindTommyB.copiedfromTommyC.askedtheteacherforhelp53.Thestudentsweresurprisedbecause_.A.theythoughttheteacherunfairB.DonalddidaswellasTommyC.theteacherwouldgivethemaprize54.Theteacherdecidedtogivetheprizeto_.A.TommyB.DonaldC.bothTommyandDonald55.Wecaninfer(推断)_.A.DonaldmaystudyhardatmathB.theteachermaycriticizeDonaldC.Tommymaysharetheprizewithotherstudents,细节理解题,细节理解题,细节理解题,逻辑推理题,逻辑推理题,A,C,B,A,B,.,18,(C)1.Youhavewaited45minutesforthevaluable10minutesbreak.Butwhenthebellforthenextclassrings,youcantbelievehowquicklytimehaspassed.Ifyouhavethisexperience,youllknowhowtimeflieswhenyouarehavingfunanddragswhenyouarebored.Nowscientistshavecomeupwithareasonwhythishappens.2.Theyhavefoundthatthebrainchangesitswaytoworkaccordingtohowwedirectourattentiontoatask.Whenwearebored,wepayattentiontohowtimeispassing.Andthismakesourbrainsthinktheclockistickingmoreslowly,3.Recentlysomeresearcherswhowanttounderstandtheconditionscarriedoutanexperiment.Intheexperiment,twelvevolunteerswatchedapicturewhileresearchersmonitored(关注)theirbrainactivity.4.Thevolunteersweretoldtofirstnoticehowlongapictureappeared,thenthecolorofthepicture,andthirdly,studytheboth.Theresultsshowedthatthebrainwasmoreactivewhenthevolunteerspaidattentiontomoresubjects.5.Itisthoughtthatifthebrainisbusynoticingmanyaspects(方面)ofatask,ithastospreaditsresources,andpayslessattentiontotheclock.Therefore,timeseemstogoquickly.Ifthebrainisnotsoactive,itspendsitsfullenergyonthepassingoftime.Asaresult,timeseemstomoveslowly.6.Nexttimeyoufeelboredinclass,perhapsyoushouldconcentrateonwhattheteacherissaying.,56,57,58,59,.,19,56.Whatdoestheunderlineword“drags”probablymean?A.PassesslowlyB.Runsquickly.C.Movesactively.57.Whathavethescientistsfound?A.Timegoesbyfastwhenwehavenothingtodo.B.ThetenminutesbreakimportanttostudentsC.Thebrainworksindifferentwaysindifferentsituations.58.Howdidtheresearchersdotheexperimen