2020年高三英语开学大串讲阅读理解专题精讲.docx

阅读理解专题精讲课前准备：精选的阅读词汇A： 构词法助记构词法动词v.名词n.形容词adj.副词adv.1、合成deadline截止日期website网站online在线；线上2、转化3、派生province省；领域provincial adj. 省的，州的；领地的；地方的，乡下的；粗野的，鄙俗的govern vt. 管理；支配；统治；控制vi. 居支配地位；进行统治government政府apply vt.应用；涂；使专心从事vi.申请；有关联application n. 应用；申请；应用程序；敷用availability n. 可用性；有效性；实用性available adj.可获得的；可购得的；可找到的；有空的employ vt. 雇用；使用，利用employment n. 使用；职业；雇用unemploymentn. 失业；失业状况3、派生select vt. 选择；挑选selection n. 选择，挑选；选集；精选品selective adj.选择的；选择性的；精挑细选的relate v.叙述；使有联系；有关联；涉及；符合；发生共鸣relation n.关系；联系；亲戚relative n.亲属，亲戚；相关物；亲缘植物（或动物）；语法学关系词relative adj. 相关的;相对的;相互有关的;比较而言的disability n. 无力，无能；残疾；法无能力disabled adj. 残废的，有缺陷的短语depend on依赖，依靠 all year round整年 provides sb. with sth.提供某物给某人 in the fall在秋天=in the autumn a variety of许多种 require sb. to do sth.要求某人去做某事local natural resource management projects当地自然资源管理项目 注意run vi.跑 vt.经营；管理课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习及默写。2019年全国卷I阅读理解ANeed a Job This Summer?The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the programNot a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year roundJobs for YouthIf you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with trainingWho is eligible： Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businessesWho is eligible：Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fallStewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summerWho is eligible：Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this yearSummer Employment Opportunities（机会）Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groupsWho is eligible： Students aged 15 or olderSome positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability21What is special about Summer Company? AIt requires no training before employmentBIt provides awards for running new businessesCIt allows one to work in the natural environmentDIt offers more summer job opportunities22What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?A15-18 B15-24 C15-29 D16-1723Which program favors the disabled?AJobs for Youth BSummer CompanyCStewardship Youth Ranger Program DSummer Employment Opportunities课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习。2019年全国卷I阅读理解A：体裁应用文题材广告主题兼职活动概要本文介绍了学生在暑期可以兼职的四个项目。题号答案重点考查的能力：获取具体信息的能力信息的综合分析能力理解主旨要义的能力推断归纳的能力根据上下文推测词义的能力干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！命题点启示：熟悉干扰项手段，淡定应对！做好词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！21B 获取具体信息的能力题干关键词：special, Summer CompanyB选项对应Summer Company内容，文章中出现awards奖金awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses，对应B选项It provides awards for running new businesses.其余选项属于：无中生有、张冠李戴逐一排除，寻找信息支撑！22D 获取具体信息的能力D选项对应Stewardship Youth Ranger Program的年龄范围，其余选项对不上，属于数据迷惑。逐一排除，寻找信息支撑！23D 获取具体信息的能力题干关键词：favors the disabled对应文章末尾for persons with a disability派生词互助课前准备：精选的阅读词汇B：构词法助记构词法动词v.名词n.形容词adj.副词adv.1、合成2、转化support 支持support支持praise表扬praise表扬3、派生pronounce发音pronunciation 发音difficulty困难difficult困难的amaze使吃惊amazement吃惊amazing令人惊叹的amazed感到惊叹的amazingly令人惊叹地confidence自信心confident自信的confidently自信地president总统；总裁；董事长presidential总统的；首长的短语next to在近旁；仅次于；紧接 brings to a conclusion做个总结 at the beginning of在开头 make mistakes犯错误佳句欣赏1. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking2. when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom3. Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习及默写。BFor Canaan Elementarys second grade in Patchogue, NY，today is speech day ,and right now its Chris Palaezs turn The 8-year-old is the joker of the class With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speakingBut hes nervous“Im here to tell you today why you should should”Chris trips on the“ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers His teacher ,Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support“Vote for me ”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly wellWhen he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise himA son of immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little over three years ago Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroomLearning English as a second language can be a painful experience What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes “It takes a lot for any student,” Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, I dont know, but I want to know”Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president The answer broke his heart Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident”24What made Chris nervous？ATelling a storyBMaking a speechCTaking a testDAnswering a question25What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?AImproper pauses BBad mannersCSpelling mistakes DSilly jokes26We can infer that the purpose of Whaleys project is to _Ahelp students see their own strengthsBassess students public speaking skillsCprepare students for their future jobs Dinspire students love for politics27Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?AHumorous BAmbitiousCCaring DDemanding2019年全国卷I阅读理解B： 体裁记叙文题材教育主题竞选演说概要本文由学生Chris发表竞选演说的经历引出老师Thomas Whaley利用竞选演说鼓励同学们学会赞美自己，帮助其提升自信，走向成功。 题号答案重点考查的能力：获取具体信息的能力信息的综合分析能力理解主旨要义的能力推断归纳的能力根据上下文推测词义的能力干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！命题点启示：熟悉干扰项手段，淡定应对！做好词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！24B 获取具体信息的能力题干关键词：What made Chris nervous?选项B的关键词speech对应第一段中的speech和第二段首句中的nervous，Chris在进行竞选演说时感到非常紧张。留意命题顺序原则！25A根据上下文推测词义的能力关键句But hes nervous. “Im here to tell you today why you should should”关键词：nervous对应A选项Improper pauses注意but，however或instead，on the contrary等表示转折的词汇后面的内容常常是关键所在！26A 推断归纳的能力题干关键词：infer the purpose文章关键句He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves推断作者的意图，需留意一些表达目的和意图的词汇，如：purpose, aim, want to , decide to, determine to, be to, be about to, be going to27C 信息的综合分析能力题干关键词：describe Whaley as a teacher文章关键句His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering supporthumorous幽默的 ambitious 雄心勃勃的caring 关心人的 demanding要求高的；苛刻的课前准备：精选的阅读词汇C ：构词法助记构词法动词v.名词n.形容词adj.副词adv.1、合成fingerprint n.指纹；特征keyboard n. 键盘password n.口令；密码straightforward adj.易懂的；笔直的；坦率的plastic-like类似塑料的2、转化3、派生identify vt. 识别，认出；确定；使参与；把看成一样vi. 确定；认同identity n.一致；身份；特征identification n. 鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明precise adj. 精确的；明确的；严格的precisely adv.精确地measure v.测量；比较；给予；权衡measure n.措施；量度；尺寸；程度；办法measurement n. 量度;份量，尺寸;测量法;（量得的）尺寸press vt. 压，按;逼迫;紧抱vi. 压;逼迫;重压pressure n.压强；压力；压迫secure vt. 保护;（使）获得;使安全；担保vi. 获得安全，变得安全；承保security n. 安全；保证；证券；抵押品adj. 安全的；保安的；保密的secure adj. 安全的;牢固的;有把握的;安心的analyze vt. 对进行分析，分解（等于analyse）analysis n.分析；解析determine vt. 决定，确定；判定，判决；限定vi. 确定；决定；判决，终止 determination n. 决心；果断；决定determined adj.坚定的；坚决的；果断的；确定的，既定的extend vt. &vi.延伸；扩大；推广；伸出；给予extension n. 伸展，扩大;延长，延期;医牵引;电话分机differ vt. 使相异；使不同vi. 相异；意见分歧difference n. 差异；不同；争执different adj. 不同的；个别的，与众不同的differently adv.不同地describe vt. 描写，形容;叙述;描绘，作图description n. 描述，描写；类型；说明书descriptive adj.描述的；叙述的volunteer vi. 自愿vt. 自愿volunteer n. 志愿者；志愿兵voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的voluntarily adv.自动地；以自由意志collect v.收集；聚集；募捐collection n. 采集，聚集；税收 征收；收藏品；募捐recognize vt. 认出，识别；承认vi. 确认，承认；具结recognition n. 识别；承认，认出；重视；赞誉；公认recognizable adj. 可辨认的；可认识的；可承认的participate vi.参加；参与participant n.参与者participation n.参加；参与commercialize vt. 使商业化；使商品化commerce n. 贸易；商业；商务commercial adj. 商业的;贸易的;营利的;靠广告收入的n. （电台或电视播放的）广告expense n.费用；花费；代价expensive adj. 昂贵的，花钱多的；豪华的inexpensive adj.廉价的；便宜的固搭apply to适用于；运用；致力于；涂抹 apply for申请 give access to接近be connected to 把.连上 be connected with 把.与.连接起来regardless of不管， 不顾 come up with提出；想出sb. be familiar with sth.某人对.熟悉 sth./sb. be familiar to sb.某物或某人对某人来说很熟悉课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习及默写。CAs data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologieslike fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces At present, these technologies are still expensive, thoughResearchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem： a smart keyboard This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses These patterns are unique to each person Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password rightIt also doesnt require a new type of technology that people arent already familiar with Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differentlyIn a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future 28Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?ATo reduce pressure on keys BTo improve accuracy in typing CTo replace the password system DTo cut the cost of e-space protection29What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？AComputers are much easier to operate BFingerprint scanning techniques develop fastCTyping patterns vary from person to person DData security measures are guaranteed30What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？AItll be environment-friendly BItll reach consumers soonCItll be made of plastics DItll help speed up typing31Where is this text most likely from?AA diary BA guidebook CA novel DA magazine2019年全国卷I阅读理解C：体裁说明文题材科学技术主题智能键盘身份识别技术概要本文介绍了一种用智能键盘进行身份识别的技术。题号答案重点考查的能力：获取具体信息的能力信息的综合分析能力理解主旨要义的能力推断归纳的能力根据上下文推测词义的能力干扰项特点：无中生有、张冠李戴、以偏概全、经验意识、数据迷惑、部分正确等。注意提取题干的关键词，做到事半功倍！还有命题顺序原则！命题点启示：熟悉干扰项手段，淡定应对！做好词汇拓展复习：派生词、同义、近义、反义等，关注语义场的运用！28D信息的综合分析能力第一段第二句关键词： expensive, though第二段第一句come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem解决这个问题留意命题顺序原则！29C 信息的综合分析能力根据第二段的内容可知，智能键盘能够准确地测量人们打字的节奏和力度，而打字模式因人而异，因此，智能键盘通过分析用户的打字模式进行身份识别，故选C。 原文没有信息支撑A、B项，属于无中生有，可排除；根据第一段的内容可知，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，数据安全并未得到保障，故可排除D项。逐一排除，寻找信息支撑！30B 推断归纳的能力据第四段的最后一句“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。31D 推断归纳的能力diary“日记”；guidebook“旅行指南”；novel“小说”；magazine“杂志”，故选D。课前准备：精选的阅读词汇D：构词法助记构词法动词v.名词n.形容词adj.副词adv.1、合成rose n. 玫瑰；粉红色；蔷薇（花）rosy adj.粉红色的；红润的；美好的；乐观的well-explored深入探究的2、转化rise (rose, risen) v.上升; 提高; 达到较高水平(或位置);起来; 升起rise n.（数量或水平的）增加，提高；（重要性、优势、权力等的）增强rank vt.& vi. 排列，使成横排；把分类rank n. 阶层，等级；军衔；次序，顺序；行列tap v.轻敲；轻拍；轻叩； (用)轻轻叩击；开发tap n.水龙头；旋塞；轻击；轻拍；轻敲experience vt. 亲身参与，亲身经历；感受experience n. 经验，体验；经历，阅历3、派生popularize vt.普及；使流行；使通俗化popularity n. 普及，流行；名气；受大众欢迎popular adj. 流行的，受欢迎的；大众的；普及的psychology n.心理；心理学psychologist n.心理学家，心理学者like v.喜欢；想；愿意n.类似的人或物prep.像 conj.如同likability n.可爱likable adj.可爱的；讨人喜欢的seek (sought, sought) vt.& vi. 谋求；寻求；依法要求seeker n.寻找者；寻求者； 追求者strengthen v.加强；变坚固strength n. 力量；力气；兵力；长处strong adj. 坚强的；强壮的；牢固的；擅长的adv. 强劲地；猛烈地adolescence n. 青春期adolescent n. 少年，少女adolescent adj. 青春期的;青少年的;未成熟的honor vt.尊敬；使荣幸；对.表示敬意；兑现honor n.荣誉；荣幸；尊敬；信用；正直 honorable adj. 光荣的；可敬的；高贵的behave v.表现；行为behavior n.表现；行为consequence n.结果；后果；重要性；影响consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv. 所以，因此;因此；终于aggressive adj.侵略的；进攻性的；好斗的；有进取心的aggressively adv. 侵略地；攻击地；激烈地adjust vt. 调整，使适合；校准vi. 调整，校准adjustment n. 调解，调整;调节器;调解，调停kindness n.仁慈; 善良; 体贴; 宽容; 友好kind adj.体贴的; 慈祥的; 友好的; 宽容的n.同类的人(或事物); 种类kindly adv. 亲切地；温和地；仁慈地open vt.& vi. （打）开;开始;睁开;启动vt. 张开；开放；开张营业openness n. 空旷;开阔;公开;率真open adj. 敞开的，开着的;公开的，公共的;坦率的;有议论余地的analyze vt. 对进行分析，分解（等于analyse）analysis n.分析；解析短语smoke cigarettes抽烟, break rules破坏规则 play jokes on others戏弄其他人sort into 把.分类 interpersonal skills 人际关系技巧have the opposite effect on 对有相反影响 gain an advantage获取好处佳句Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. 讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果密切相关，而且也会促使产生这些结果。课后进行主题材料关键词的积累和拓展复习及默写。DDuring the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status I was the queen of the playground Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myselfPopularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories： the likable and the status seekers The likables plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence： status born of power and even dishonorable behaviorEnviable as the cool kids may have seemed, DrPrinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior”In one study, DrPrinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究） “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates But so had those who were high in status It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on usDrPrinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with othersIn analyzing his and other research，DrPrinstein came to another conclusion： Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ” he said32What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?AUnkind BLonely CGenerous DCool33What is the second paragraph mainly about？AThe classification of the popularBThe characteristics of adol