口译中的记忆技巧

,welcome,welcome,Memoryskillsininterpretation,Lecture2,一、信息视觉化和现实化训练这种训练是针对大脑对意像语料的敏感性而设计的，旨在训练译员通过将信息内容现实化、视觉化来记忆信息的能力。比如听到以下一段内容：,Iwaswalkingintheparkwithafriendrecently,andhiscellphonerang,interrruptingourconversaiton.Therewewere,walkingandtalkingonabeautifulsunnydayandpoof!Ibecameinvisible,absentfromtheconversation.Theparkwasfilledwithpeopletalkingontheircellphones.Theywerepassingotherpeoplewithoutlookingatthem,sayinghello,noticingtheirbabiesorstoppingtopettheirpuppies.Evidently,theuntetheredelectronicvoiceispreferabletohumancontact.,听到这一段生动形象的描述之后，译员便可在头脑中勾画这样一副图景：自己正与一位朋友在公园中散步、闲谈。突然，谈话被朋友的手机打断。然后放眼四周，发现到处是只顾自己拿着手机讲话而无暇互相交流的人们。译员就这样通过现实化、形象化的方法将一篇复杂的描写转化成生活中一个再熟悉不过的镜头摄入了头脑。然后，译员再用译语将眼前的这幅图景按照自己的方式描述出来即可。这样不仅记忆深刻、全面，而且译员也不会陷入机械的“找词翻译”的误区。,二、逻辑分层记忆训练通常，人们能较好地识记逻辑层次清晰、结构紧凑的篇章，我们不妨从一些条理清晰的篇章入手，锻炼自己的逻辑思维和整理识记的能力。在逻辑分析和记忆能力都有所提高之后再逐渐降低待识记信息的条理性和逻辑性，以提高自己对逻辑层次一般甚至较差的普通讲话的适应能力，并最终能将逻辑思维能力作为一种“半自动化”的技能加以掌握，即在听到一段讲话后能够“本能”地对其进行逻辑层次的分析并加以记忆。,以上两种具体的记忆训练（信息视觉化和逻辑分层记忆训练），均建议采用“复述法”的步骤进行（1）由训练者（或练习伙伴）以适当的语速现场发布源语信息，长度应掌握在1至5分钟之内。（2）接受训练者凭记忆储存源语内容，并尽量用译语记忆。（3）接受训练者用译语对原文的内容进行要点复述。（4）复述后可进行讲评、切磋，探讨遗漏信息的性质和原因。（5）练习可分阶段进行。复述的内容逐渐由大意进入细节，并逐渐提高对细节准确性的要求。（6）整个过程中最好不要记笔记。,记住：发言人每个语段的开头结尾都应成为记忆的重点。1)开头往往包含了整个语段的主题，结尾往往是呈现结论、总结的部分2)只有记好了开头和结尾，译员才能清楚地把握好本节口译是从哪里开始说起，说到哪里为止。,II.Memorytraining(1)Encoding,storageandretrievalPsychologiststellusthatmemoryinvolvesencoding,storageandretrievalofinformation.Forgettingmaymeanthematerialwasneverencoded;itmaymeantheinformationwasnotstored;oritmayreflectretrievaldifficulties.,II.Memorytraining:(2)Categorization,generalizationandcomparisonPeoplebelievememorycanbefortifiedbyconsciouslyresortingtotactics(retrievalcues)suchascategorization(groupingitemsofthesameproperties,origins,firstletters,etc.);generalization(workingoutsomeheadingstoembracethesupportivedetails);,comparison(noticingthedifferencesaswellassimilaritiesbetweendifferentthings,facts,orevents);noticingthetime-markersorspatialbarometerswhichoftenindicatethesequenceofanevent;descriptionofascene,ortheshapeandsizeofasubstance.,Threewaysoftrainingmemory1.Shadow-speaking2.Retellingintheoriginallanguage3.Retellinginthetargetlanguage,Retellingexercises:,Direction:Listentothefollowingpassages,thenretellinyourownwordsinthesamelanguagetheinformationyouhavejustheard.Exercise1:,金福实业有限公司从一个打火机五金塑料作坊起步，发展成为现在相当规模的实业公司。这个过程的确来之不易，是经过了十年艰苦努力，不断开拓，广聚人才和发展原始积累而成。,我们近几年新发展的塑料包装瓶盖，拥有世界最先进的注塑系统及成型模具。我们先进的技术、舒适洁净的工作环境、科学的管理方法、勇于开拓进取和至诚待客的精神，受到所有客户的一致好评。在这里我代表公司全体员工向曾经给予过和即将给予我们关心和支持的人们表示深深的诚挚的谢意！我们将秉承一贯以诚待人的经营作风，戒骄戒躁，在愈演愈烈的经济大潮中与您携手共进。同时，欢迎您择日莅临指导工作，谢谢！,Analysis:主要概念为：-小五金公司经过十年创业发展成为金福实业有限公司-新开发的瓶盖技术先进(注塑，成型模具)-在技术、工作环境、管理方法、创新客户服务方面受好评-代表员工表示感谢-坚持诚信、戒骄戒躁、共同进步-欢迎光临,Whenaguysprintertypebegantogrowfaint,hecalledalocalrepairshopwhereafriendlyclerkinformedhimthattheprinterprobablyneededonlytobecleaned.Becausethestorecharged$50forsuchcleanings,hetoldhimhemightbebetteroffreadingtheprintersmanualandtryingthejobhimself.Pleasantlysurprisedbyhiscandor,theguyasked,“Doesyourbossknowthatyoudiscouragebusiness?”“Actually,itsmybosssidea,”theemployeerepliedsheepishly.“Weusuallymakemoremoneyonrepairsifweletpeopletrytofixthingsthemselvesfirst.”,Exercise2:,Analysis:主要概念为：-printerhassomeproblem-repairshopclerkaskedhimtocleanithimselftosave$50-surprisedandasked-astonishedbytheanswer-theshopmakesmoremoneybyworkingontheprinterdamagedbyinnocentusers,IV.Improvingactivelistening(提高积极记忆)Keyfactorsofinterpretation:Gaininginformation,comprehensionandmemorizing.Thereasonsforforgettingthecontentwhichwasjustheard:1.Notenoughconcentration.2.Notfamiliarwiththetopicorcannotunderstandthesourcelanguagethoroughly.,Activelistening:Activelyanalyzeandmemorizetheinformationpointswhichtheinterpreterjustheardandfindtherelationshipbetweentheinformationpoints.Exercise:Listentothefollowingpassage,tryyourbesttograspthemaininformationandmakeclearthedevelopmentorientationofthematterandlogicalconnections.,Goodmorning.SinceItookofficeIvedoneeverythinginmypowertoprotectourchildrenfromharm.Weveworkedtomaketheirstreetandtheirschoolssafer,togivethemsomethingpositivetodoafterschoolandbeforetheirparentsgethome.Weveworkedtoteachourchildrenthatdrugsaredangerous,illegalandwrong.,1.发言人就任以来在保护孩子不受伤害方面有哪些业绩？,TodayIwanttotalktoyouaboutthehistoricopportunitywenowhavetoprotectournationsChildrenfromanevendeadlythreat:smoking.SmokingkillsmorepeopleeverydaythanAIDS,alcohol,caraccident,murders,suicides,drugsandfirescombined.Nearly90percentofthosesmokerslittheirfirstcigarettebeforetheyturned18.Today,theepidemicofteensmokingisragingthroughoutournationas,onebyone,ourchildrenareluredbymultimilliondollarmarketingschemesdesignedtodoexactlythat.Considerthis:3,000childrenstarttosmokeeverydayillegally,and1,000ofthemwilldiesoonerbecauseofit.,2.今天讲话的主题是什么？3.吸烟的危害如何？4.导致青少年吸烟的一个重要原因是什么？记住了相关数据吗？,ThisisnationaltragedythateveryAmericanshouldbehonor-boundtohelpprevent.Formorethanfiveyearsweveworkedtostopourchildrenfromsmokingbeforetheystart,launchinganationwidecampaignwithFDAtoeducatethemaboutthedangersofsmoking,toreducetheiraccesstotobaccoproducts,andtoseverelyrestricttobaccocompaniesfromadvertisingtoyoungpeople.,5.在过去的5年里政府采取了什么措施防止青少年吸烟？,Buteventhisisnotenoughtofullyprotectourchildren.Toputanendtotheepidemic,Congressmustact.Lastfall,IcalledonCongresstoputasidepoliticsandpasscomprehensivebipartisanlegislationtoreduceteensmokingbyraisingthepriceofcigarettesbyupto$1.50apackoverthenext10years,imposingstrongpenaltiesifthetobaccoindustrykeepssellingcigarettestoourchildrensaccesstotobaccoproducts,andtorestricttobaccoadsaimedatyoungpeople,sothatourchildrencantfallpreytothedeadlythreatoftobacco.,6.发言人的身份是什么？谁可以呼吁国会通过议案？7.能复述议案的主要内容吗？,Now,welearnedlastmonththatifwedothis,wellcutteensmokingbyalmosthalfoverthenextfiveyears.Thatmeansifweactno