连词用法解PPT课件

.,1,高考-连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用从属连词一般连接主句与从句的词。从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。,.,2,（一）并列连词：并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and（和），aswellas（既又），bothand（不但而且），notonlybutalso（不但而且），notbut（不是而是），neithernor（既不也不），eitheror（不是就是），or（或者），but（但是），yet（然而），for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。如：Bothmybrotherandmysisterareteachers./Hisroomisbrightbutmineisgloomy（暗沉沉的）.Hecannotonlyrepairradiosbutalsofixthem./Itisaglorious（光荣的）yetdifficulttask.,.,3,（二）从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的：after,before,when,as,while,since,until,till,assoonas引导原因状语从句的：because,since,as引导让步状语从句的：although,though,nomatter（无论）,evenif(though)引导条件状语从句的：if,unless,once,so(as)longas,.,4,引导结果状语从句的：sothat,suchthat引导目的状语从句的：sothat,inorderthat引导比较状语从句的：asas,notso(as)as,than引导方式状语从句的：asif引导主语，宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that,whether,if三个。其中that和whether有时候还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。,.,5,（三）某些用法比较特殊的从属连词用法区别1.当while,when,as引导时间状语从句时的区别：while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while的这些用法可用when代替，等于“atthetimethat”,“duringthetimethat”。例如：Pleasekeepquietwhile(when)othersarestudying；when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于“atthetime”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：,.,6,WhenIwentintothelab,theteacherwasdoinganexperiment.（when不能换成while、HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenheisspeakingEnglish.（when可换成while）as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。例如：As(when,while)Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,InoticedapolicecarinfrontofNumber37.,.,7,when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，从句中是“主语+be动词”结构时，这时主语和be动词可以省略。例如：When(hewas)young,heworkedforarichman.when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：Illcomewhen(if)Imfree.,.,8,2、before的特殊用法before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。拓展：有关before特殊句型用法,.,9,1）Itwill(not)be+时间段+before+从句（现在时）意思是“要过一段时间才/用不了多长时间就”Itwillnotbelongbeforewemeet.要不了多久我们就会见面的。Itwillbe5daysbeforeyougetyourlicence.你还有5天时间就拿到证来了2）Itwas(not)+时间段+before+从句（过去时），意思是“过了一段时间才/没过一段时间就”Itwasnotlongbeforeourhometownwasliberated没过多久我们的城镇就解放了。,.,10,3、till,until用法区别用于否定句时，结构为notuntil(till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续都可以，意为“直到才”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到为止”。例如：Theyplayed（延续性动词）volleyballuntil(till)itgotdark.Hedidntgotobed（非延续性动词）until(till)thehisfathercameback.；,.,11,until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Untilthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonplaying.在notuntil引导的倒装句中，不用till,如：Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegohome.（倒装）；till,until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：Wewalkeduntil/tilltheedgeoftheforest.（要用asfaras或to表达）。,.,12,4、because,since,as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.；如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。一般情况下as译成“由于”，since译成“既然”,.,13,例如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest.Sinceeveryoneishere,nowletsbegin.5、although和thoughalthough和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although,though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet,still。例如：Although/Thoughitrainedallthemorning,theystillwentonworking.（或yettheywentonworking）,.,14,though常与even连用，构成eventhough短语，eventhough表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说evenalthough，例如：EventhoughIdidntunderstandaword,Ikeptsmiling.though可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。例如：Itwasaquietparty,Ihadagoodtime,though.although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。,.,15,6、once用法once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：Idontbelievehewasonceathief.(once这里是副词)OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfellfasterthanlightobjects,hetaughtitasatruthtohisstudents.(once连词),.,16,7、unless引导条件状语从句等于ifnot。例如：Hellacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow.=Hellacceptthejobifthesalaryisnottoolow.看下列这道题Hehadneverbeenpraisedbefore_hewenttouniversity.AunlessB.untilC.whenD,if,B.Until,从句中时态：主将从现,.,17,8、在用asif引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：Hetalksasifheknewallaboutit.但有时也可用直陈语气。例如：Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,.,18,9、whether,if引导从句的用法区别：引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether，不用if。例如：WhethertheywillgototheGreatWallisnotknown.Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishthetaskontime.Thequestionwhetherwewilltakepartinthephysicscontesthasnotbeendecided.,.,19,whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：Ihaventdecidedwhethertoleaveornot.whether可作介词的宾语或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.Whetherhewillcome,Iamnotsure.whether和if均可引导宾语从句，whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether），例如：Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitrainsinwinterinAustralia?Iwonderifitdoesntrain.,.,20,引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与ornot连用。连用时要注意ornot的位置，有时候与whether、if分开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：Idontknowwhether/iftheywillcomeornot.Idontknowwhetherornottheywillcome.（这时候不能用if）if可用来引导条件状语从句，译“如果”，whether则不行。例如：Ifyouworkhard,youaresuretosucceed.,.,21,10、as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句。as引导时间状语从句，意为“当时”。例如：As(hewas)ayoungman,hewasastorekeeperandlaterapostmaster./Hesangasheworked.as引导方式状语从句，意为“象一样”。例如：WemustdoasthePartyteachesus.as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于”，例如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest.as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Childasheis,hecandoitwell.(=Althoughheisachild,hecandoitwell.)另外，as做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：Ihavethesamebookasyou.,.,22,专项巩固-连词请同学们做试卷上的习题,.,23,练习、连词1.Heisveryold,_hestillworksveryhard.A.butB.ifC.whenD.as2._youaredismissed.A.NeitheryougonorB.EitheryougoorC.WhetheryougoorD.Bothyougoand3.Theyhadcamped露营oncebefore,_theyknewwhattotake.A.becauseB.nowC.soD.since,.,24,4.Whythesethingshappenedwas_thedriverhadbeencareless.A.becauseofB.owingtoC.duetoD.that5.Although,itsraining,_arestillworkinginthefields.A.theyB.buttheyC.andtheyD.sothey6._wehavesatisfiedyou,youhavenogrounds理由ofcomplaint.A.SoB.SincethatC.NowthatD.Bynow.,.,25,7.Writeclearly_yourteachercanunderstandyoucorrectly.A.sinceB.forC.becauseD.sothat8.Youllmissthetrain_youhurryup.A.unlessB.asC.ifD.until9.Francisdidthetask_hisbrother.A.asgoodasB.asbetterasC.aswellasD.asbestas10.Thesizeoftheaudience,_wehadexpected,waswellovertwentythousand.A.asB.whatC.thatD.whom,.,26,11.IthoughthehatedtheTV.Youareright,_hestillwatchestheprogram.A.yetB.besidesC.alsoD.then12.Itlooks_itsgoingtorain.A.thatB.asC.asifD.likethat13._toNewYork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.A.BecauseshewentB.AftershewentC.WhenshewentD.Sinceshewent14._hedaydreamed,Petersawfiguresinthesky.A.UntilB.SinceC.WhileD.During,.,27,15.Wearrivedatthestation_thetrainhadleft.A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when16._hewasinpoorhealth,heworkedjustashardaseveryoneelse.A.ButB.AlthoughC.EvenifD.If17.Givemeonemoreminute_Illhavefinished.A.soB.untilC.andD.when18.TheworkerhuntedforjobsinNewYorkformonths,_hecouldnotfindanywork.A.andB.yetC.orD.andbut,.,28,19.Hurryup,_youllbelate.A.orB.andC.soD.yet20.Donotmakethesamemistake_Idid.A.soB.asC.likeD.that21.Mysisteriswaitingforme,_Imustbeoffnow.A.howeverB.orC.soD.otherwise22.Weshouldpayattention_toindustry_toagriculture.A.either,orB.neither,norC.not,butD.both,and,.,29,23.Heranoff_Icouldstophim.A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.when24._youtoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.A.TillB.UntilC.AfterD.Since25.Wherehaveyoubeen_youlefthome?A.beforeB.asC.sinceD.when26._theproblemofmethodissolved,talkingaboutthetaskisuseless.A.UntilB.SinceC.AfterD.Unless,.,30,27.Wehaveproduced15%morecottonthisyear_wedidlastyear.A.asB.thanC.likeD.white28.Itislate;_,Imtootiredtogoout.A.besidesB.exceptC.exceptforD.exceptthat29.Everythingaroundusis_solid.liquid_gas.A.not.but.B.either.or.C.neither.nor.D.whether.or.30.Hewillcome_youaskhim.A.whetherB.unlessC.ifD.while,.,31,31._hewillcomeornotisstillunknown.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.Whether32.Idontknow_tostayathomeorgoout.A.whetherB.ifC.howD.where33.Hespokeloudly_theaudiencecouldhearhimclearly.A.soB.thatC.sothatD.inorderto,.,32,34.Thebookisnoteasy._itsratherdifficult.A.OntheonehandB.OnthecontraryC.OntheotherhandD.Ontheothercontrary35.Youmustworkhard,_youwillnotlearnEnglishwell.A.ifB.whetherC.otherwiseD.unless36.Itrainedheavily,_thebasketballmatchhadtobeputoff.A.sothatB.whenC.otherwiseD.therefore,.,33,37.Wemustdo_thepeoplewantustodo.A.whateverB.howeverC.whereverD.whenever38.Youarecertainlyright,_othersmaysay.A.whatB.whateverC.thatD.as39._makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhoeverD.Whatever40.Illdiscussitwithyou_youliketocome.A.whenB.whereC.whoeverD.whenever,.,34,41._youwork,youmustalwaysservethepeopleheartandsoul.A.WhereverB.WheneverC.WhereD.When42._youunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.A.OnceB.AtonceC.OnlyD.Onlythen43._difficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth.A.NomatterhowB.NomatterwhatC.NomatterwhenD.Nomatterwhere,.,35,44.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficulties_,_wearecloselyunited.A.sofarasB.solongasC.assoonasD.aswellas45._Iknowhewillstayhereforhalfayear.A.assoonasB.aslongasC.sofarasD.aswellas46.Pleasewriteme_youarriveinNewYork.A.aswellasB.solongasC.asfarasD.assoonas,.,36,47.Thatisnot_Iwant.A.thatB.whyC.whatD.whose48._hediditremainsasecret.A.WhatB.WhomC.WhichD.How49.Itisquiteclear_hewontseeus.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.how50.Wouldyoutellme_wayIshouldtake?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose51.Iamsure_yousaidistrue.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who,.,37,52.Thetroubleis_wecannotfindsuchanexpert.A.whyB.thatC.whereD./53.Ithasnotbeendecided_theywillleave.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.what54.Weshallgo_youareready.A.whileB.assoonasC.asD.since55.Hewilltellyouaboutit_yougetthere.A.whileB.asC.whenD./,.,38,56.Donttrytogetoffthebus_ithasstopped.A.whileB.asC.sinceD.before57.Illcomeandseeyou_Igotothecountryside.A.whileB.whenC.assoonasD.before58._hecametostudyintheuniversity,hehasmademuchprogressinthest