前臂肌肉解剖

.,GROSSANATOMYOFTHEFOREARM,丁香园,.,MainMenu,Bonesoftheforearm.Superficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Deepmusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Arteriesandnervesoftheanteriorcompartment.Superficialmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Deepmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Arteriesandnervesoftheposteriorcompartment.,Acknowledgements,.,.,Bonesoftheforearm,Theradiusproximallyarticulateswiththehumerusattheelbowjoint.Distallyitarticulateswiththescaphoidandlunatebonesofthecarpus,andwiththeulnaatthedistalradioulnarjoint.Theulnaisthemoremedialofthetwobones.Itsproximalendarticulateswiththehumerusattheelbowjoint.Distallyitarticulateswiththeradius.Itisexcludedfromthewristjointbythearticulardisc.Theinterosseousmembranebindtheradiusandtheulnatogether.,Head,Interosseousmembrane,Radius,Humerus,Tuberosityofradius,Ulna,Head,Fig1.Anteriorviewofbonesoftheforearm.,.,.,.,总体记忆,前臂共有18块肌肉分为屈肌与伸肌二部分屈肌8块分为浅层与深层浅层有5块深层有3块伸肌10块浅深各5块,.,前臂8块屈肌,浅层5块旋前圆肌桡侧屈腕肌掌长肌指浅屈肌尺侧屈腕肌,.,Superficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Titlepage.,1,2,3,4,Thesuperficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartmentincludepronatorteres旋前圆肌,flexorcarpiradialis桡侧腕屈肌,palmarislongus掌长肌,andflexorcarpiulnaris.Alsoincludedinthisgroupisflexordigitorumsuperficialis.Thesuperficialgroupofmusclesallhavethesameorigin,whichisattachedtothemedialepicondyleofthehumerus肱骨内上髁.,FORFURTHERDETAILSCLICKONEACHINDIVIDUALMUSCLEBELOW.,PronatorteresFlexorcarpiradialisFlexorcarpiulnarisFlexordigitorumsuperficialisPalmarislongus(notincludedinthediagram).,Fig2.Showingsuperficialmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.,Brachio-radialis,Returntomainmenu,.,PronatorTeres5te7ri:z,Thepronatortereshastwoheads,thehumeralheadandtheulnarhead.Themediannerve正中神经enterstheforearmbetweenthetwoheads.Origin:-Humeralhead-Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.Ulnarhead-Medialborderofthecoronoidprocess冠突,冠状突oftheulna.Insertion附着:-Lateralaspectoftheshaftoftheradius.Nervesupply:-Mediannerve,C6andC7.Action:-Pronationoftheforearm.Flexionoftheforearm.,Pronatorteres,Radius,Fig3.Pronatorteres.,Returntotitlepage,.,*Flexorcarpiradialis,palmarislongus,andflexorcarpiulnaris,FlexorcarpiradialisOrigin:-Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Baseofthesecondandthirdmetacarpalbones.Nervesupply:-Mediannerve,C6andC7.Action:-Flexesthehandatthewristjoint.Abductsthehandatthewristjoint.PalmarislongusOrigin:-Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Flexorretinaculumandpalmaraponeurosis.Nervesupply:-Mediannerve,C7andC8Action:-Flexesthehandatwristjoint.Flexorcarpiulnaris.Origin:-Humeralhead-Medialepicondyleofthehumerus.Ulnarhead-Medialaspectoftheolecranon鹰嘴(processoftheulnaandtheposteriorborderoftheulna.Insertion:-Pisiformbone豌豆状的,hookofthehamate,andbaseofthefifthmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Theulnarnerve,C7,C8,andT1.Action:-Flexesthehandatwristjoint.Adductsthehandatwristjoint,Pronatorteres,Flexorcarpiradialis,Palmarislongus,Flexorcarpiulnaris,Fig4.Flexorcarpiradialisandulnarisandpalmarislongus,Returntotitlepage,.,Flexordigitorumsuperficialis.,Origin:-Humeroulnarhead:Medialepicondyleofthehumerusandthemedialmarginofthecoronoidprocessoftheulna.Radialhead:Risingfromtheobliquelineontheanteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheradius.Insertion:-Themusclebellygivesrisetofourtendonsdistally.Eachofthetendonattachestothesidesofthemiddlephalanx指骨,趾骨ofthefourmedialfinger.Nervesupply:-Mediannerve,C8andT1.Action:-Flexesthemiddlephalanxoffingers.Flexestheproximalphalanxoffingers(weak).Flexesthewrist.,Flexordigitorumsuperficialis.,Fig5.Flexordigitorumsuperficialis.,Returntotitlepage,.,前臂8块屈肌,深层3块指深屈肌拇长屈肌旋前方肌,.,DeepMusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Titlepage,Thedeepmusclesoftheforearmcompriseoftheflexorpollicislongus,flexordigitorumprofundusandpronatorquadratus.Forfurtherdetailsclickoneachoftheindividualmuscles.1.Flexordigitorumprofundus.2.Flexorpollicislongus.Pronatorquadratusnotshown.,1,1,2,Brachio-radialis(cut),Tendonofcarpiflexorradialis(cut),Fig6.Deepmusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.,Returntomainmenu,.,Flexordigitorumprofundusandflexorpollicislongus,FlexorpollicislongusOrigin:-Middleoftheanteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheradiusandfromtheadjoiningpartoftheinterosseousmembrane.Insertion:-Thetendonpassesdistallythroughthecarpaltunnelandattachestothedistalphalanxofthethumb.Nervesupply:-Theanteriorinterosseousbranchofthemediannerve.Action:-Flexesthephalangesofthethumb.Flexordigitorumprofundus深的Origin:-Upperthree-quartersoftheanteriomedialshaftoftheulna.Insertion:-Themuscledividesintofourtendonsjustpriortotraversingthecarpaltunnel.Theyattachtothedistalphalanxofthefourfingers.Nervesupply:-Themedialpartissuppliedbytheulnarnerve,thelateralportionissuppliedbytheanteriorinterosseousbranchofthemediannerve,C8andT1.Action:-Flexesthefinger.Exclusiveflexorofthedistalphalanx.Weakflexorofthewrist.,Flexorpollicislongus,Pronatorquadratus,Flexordigitorumprofundus,Fig7.Flexordigitorumprofundusandflexorpollicislongus.,Returntotitlepage,.,PronatorQuadratus,Origin:-Lowerquarteroftheanteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheulna.Insertion:-Lowerquarteroftheanteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheradius.Nervesupply:-Theanteriorinterosseousbranchofthemediannerve.Action:-Pronatestheforearm.,Pronatorquadratus,Flexorcarpiradialis(cut),Flexorpollicislongus,Flexordigitorumprofundus,Flexorcarpiulnaris(cut),Fig8.Pronatorquadratus.,Returntotitlepage,.,ArteriesandNervesoftheanteriorcompartment.Titlepage,Ulnarartery:-Largerthantheradialartery.Itpassesbetweenthearchformedbytheradialandulnarattachmentoftheflexordigitorumsuperficialisanddescendsthroughtheanteriorcompartment.Itentersthepalmofthehandinfrontoftheflexorretinaculum,andpromptlydividesinsuperficialanddeeppalmerbranches.Branches-Muscularbranches-tothemusclesoftheanteriorcompartment.Recurrentbranches-totheanastomosisaroundthewristjointBranchestotheanastomosisaroundthewristjointCommoninterosseousartery-arisesintheupperpartoftheulnararteryandthendividesintheanteriorandposteriorinterosseousarteries.Anteriorinterosseousartery:-arisesfromthecommoninterosseousarteryanddescendsintheanteriorcompartmenttoeventuallyjointheanastomosisaroundthewristjoint.Itsuppliesthedeepflexormuscles,andgivesoffnutrientbranchestothetheradiusandulna.,Brachialartery,Mediannerve,Ulnarnerve,Radialnerve,Ulnarartery,Fig9.Arteriesandnervesoftheanteriorcompartment.,Next,Returntonerves,.,ArteriesandNervesoftheanteriorcompartment.,Posteriorinterosseousartery-arisesfromthecommoninterosseousarteryandandenterstheposteriorcompartment.Radialartery:-Itbeginsinthecubitalfossa肘窝whenthebrachialarterydividesintotheradialandulnaartery.Itpassesdistally,travelsunderthebrachioradialis,restingonthedeepflexormuscles.Thearterybrieflytravelsonthelateralsideoftheradius,beforetravellingovertheanteriorsurfaceoftheradius.Thearterythenwindsaroundthelateralaspectofthewrist,beforeenteringthepalmofthehandtoformthedeeppalmerarch.Branches-Muscularbranches:totheneighbouringmuscles.Branchestotheanastomosisaroundthewristandelbowjoint.Superficialpalmerjoint:arisesjustabovethewrist,frequentlyjoinstheulnararterytogiverisetothesuperficialpalmerarch.,Radialnerve,Superficialradialnerve,Radialartery,Brachialartery,Mediannerve,Ulnarnerve,Ulnarartery,Mediannerve,Fig10.Arteriesandnervesoftheanteriorcompartment.,Next,Returntonerves,.,Nervesoftheanteriorcompartment,MedianNerve(fig9,fig10)Themediannerveleavesthecubitalfossainbetweenthetwoheadsofthepronatorteres.Itdescendsbetweenthesuperficialanddeepflexormuscles.Atthewristitliessuperficially,beforeenteringthepalmbehindtheflexorretinaculum.Branches:-Muscularbranch:-allthesuperficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartmentexceptflexorcarpiulnaris.Articularbranches:totheelbowjointAnteriorinterosseousnerve:arisesfromthemediannerveasitemergesfromthetwoheadsofthepronatorteres.(seebelow)PalmercutaneousBranch:Distributedtotheskinoverthelateralpartofthepalm.AnteriorinterosseousnerveItarisesfromthemediannerve(seeabove)andthendescendsdowntheanteriorsurfaceoftheinterosseousmembrane.Branches-Muscularbranches:allthemusclesofdeepflexionintheanteriorcompartmentexceptthemedialpartofdigitorumprofundus.Articularbranches:tothewristjoint,thedistalradioulnarjoint,andthejointsofthecarpus.UlnarNerve(fig9,fig10)Theulnarnervepassesbehindthemedialepicondyleandenterstheforearmbetweenthetwoheadsofflexorcarpiulnaris.Itdescendsbetweentheflexorcarpiulnarisandtheflexordigitorumprofundus.Theulnarnervebecomessuperficialatthewrist,beforeenteringthepalminfrontoftheflexorretinaculum.Branches-Muscularbranches:totheflexorcarpiulnarisandtothemedialhalfoftheflexordigitorumprofundus.Articularbranches:totheelbowjoint.Palmarcutaneousbranch:arisesinthemiddleoftheforearm,Suppliesskinoverthethenareminence鱼际.Dorsalcutaneousbranch:arisesinthedistalthirdoftheoftheforearm,andpassesmediallytothedorsumofthehand.,Returntomainmenu,.,前臂10块伸肌,浅层5块桡侧腕长伸肌桡侧腕短伸肌指伸肌小指伸肌尺侧腕伸肌,.,Superficialmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.Titlepage,Thesuperficialmusclesoftheanteriorcompartmentaremainlyconcernedwiththeextensionatwristjointandofthedigit.ThemusclesinthisgroupcompriseoftheExtensorcarpiradialisbrevis,extensordigitorum,extensordigitiminimi,extensorcarpiulnaris,andthetwomorelaterallyingbrachioradialisandextensorcarpiradialislongus.NB-Theanconeusalsoliesintheposteriorcompartmentbutisfunctionallyverydifferenttotherestofthemusclesinthisgroup.Itsactionaretoaidthetricepsinextensionattheelbowjoint.Clickbelowoneachofthemusclesforfurtherdetailabouteachoftheindividualmuscles.1.Extensorcarpiradialislongus2.Extensordigitorum3.Extensorcarpiulnaris4.ExtensordigitiminimiBrachioradialisandextensorcarpibrevisarenotincludedinthefigure.,2,4,Anconeus,2,3,1,Fig11.Superficialmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.,Returntomainmenu,.,Extensorcarpiradialislongusandbrevis,andextensorcarpiulnaris,ExtensorcarpiradialislongusOrigin:-Fromthelowerthirdofthelateralsupracondylarridgeofthehumerus.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthesecondmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Radialnerve,C6andC7.Action:-Extendsandabductsthehandatthewristjoint.ExtensorcarpiradialisbrevisOrigin:-Fromthecommontendonattachedtothelateralepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthethirdmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Extendsandabductsthehandatthewristjoint.ExtensorcarpiulnarisOrigin:-Fromthecommontendonattachedtothelateralepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthefifthmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8Action:-Extendsandadductsthehandatwristjoint.,Extensorcarpiradialislongus,Extensorcarpiradialisbrevis,Extensorcarpiulnaris,Fig12.Extensorcarpiradialisbrevisandlongusandextensorcarpiulnaris.,Returntotitlepage,.,Extensordigitorumandextensordigitiminimi,ExtensordigitorumOrigin:-Fromthecommontendonattachedtothelateralepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Themuscledividesintofourtendonswhichpasstothefingersandformthedorsalexpansion.Onthedorsumofthehandtheseareinterconnectedbyfibroustissue.Neartheproximalinterphalangealjointofeachfingertheexpansionsdivideintothecentralpart,whichinsertsintobaseofthemiddlephalanx,andthetwolateralparts,whichinsertintothebaseofthedistalphalanx.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8Action:-Mainlyitextendsthemetacarpophalangealjoint,butitalsoassistsinextendingtheproximalanddistalinterphalangealjointandthearm.ExtensordigitiminimiOrigin:-Fromthecommontendonattachedtothelateralepicondyleofthehumerus.Insertion:-Viatwotendonstothedorsalexpansionforthelittlefinger.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8Action:-Assistsintheextensionofthelittlefinger.,Extensordigitorum,Extensordigitiminimi,Fig13.Extensordigitorumandextensordigitiminimi.,Returntotitlepage,.,Brachioradialis,Origin:-Fromtheuppertwpthirdsofthelateralsupracondylarridgeofthehumerus.Insertion:-Baseofthestyloidprocessoftheradius.Nervesupply:-Radialnerve,C5andC6.Action:-Itflexestheforearm(despitebeingbeingservedbyanextensornerve),assistsinrotatingorrestoringthearmintomidproneposition,dependingontheinitialposition.,Brachio-radialis,Extensorcarpiradialislongus,Extensorcarpiradialisbrevis,Flexorcarpiradialis,Fig15.Brachioradialis(anteriorview).,Fig14Brachioradialis(lateralview).,Returntotitlepage,.,Deepmusclesintheposteriorcompartment.Titlepage,Thedeepmusclesoftheforearmconsistofthreemusclesthatactonthethumb,theextensorindicisandsupinator.Exceptforthesupinatortheyalloriginatefromonlytheforearmbones.Forfurtherdetailsoneachofthebonesclickontheindividualmuscles.1.Supinator.2.Abductorpollicislongus.3.Extensorpollicislongus.4.Extensorindicis.5.Extensorpollicisbrevis.,1,2,4,3,5,Fig16.Deepmusclesoftheposteriorcompartment.,Returntomainmenu,.,Extensorpollicislongusandbrevis,andabductorpollicislongus,AbductorpollicislongusOrigin:-Middleoftheposteriorsurfaceoftheshaftoftheulnaandradius.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthefirstmetacarpalbone.Nervesupply:-Theposteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Abductsandextendsthethumb.ExtensorpollicislongusOrigin:-Fromtheposteriorsurfaceoftheulna.Insertion:-Posteriorsurfaceofthebaseofthedistalphalanxofthethumb.Nervesupply:-Theposteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Extendsthethumb.ExtensorpollicisbrevisOrigin:-Posteriorsurfaceoftheradius.Insertion:-PosteriorsurfaceoftheproximalphalanxofthethumbNervesupply:-Theposteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Extendsthethumb.Anatomicalsnuffbox:medialboundaryisthethetendonoftheextensorpollicislongusandthelateralboundaryisthetendonoftheabductorpollicislongusandextensorpollicisbrevis.,Abductorpollicislongus.,Extensorpollicislongus,Fig17.Abductorpollicislongus,extensorpollicislongusandbrevis.,Extensorpollicisbrevis,Returntotitlepage,.,Supinator,SupinatorThesupinatorconsistsofobliqueandatransversehead.Origin:-Obliquehead:Fromthelateralepicondyleofthehumerusandcollateralligamentoftheelbowjoint.Transversehead:Supinatorcrestoftheulna.Insertion:-Bothheadswindlaterallyaroundtheproximalpartoftheradius,attachingtotheanterioraspectoftheradius.Nervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C6andC7.Action:-Supinatestheforearm(mainlyassistsasthebicepsbrachiiismainsupinatoroftheforearm).,Transversehead,Obliquehead,Fig18.Supinatormuscle(anteriorview).,Returntotitlepage,.,Extensorindicis,Origin:-Posteriorsurfaceoftheulna.Insertion:-DorsalexpansionoftheindexfingerNervesupply:-Posteriorinterosseousnerve,C7andC8.Action:-Extendstheindexfinger.,Returntotitlepage,Extensorindicis,Fig19.Extensorpollicis,.,Arteriesandnervesintheposteriorcompa