2021版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 3 Science and nature学案 牛津译林版必修5

unit 3 science and nature一、语基必备知识(一)重点词汇分类记忆.阅读词汇知其意1physician n医师；内科医生2concept n.概念；观念3crime n.罪，罪行4summary n.总结；概括，概要5nutrition n. 营养6tissue n.(生物的)组织；纸巾.核心词汇写其形1breakthrough n.突破2relation n.关系；亲戚3majority n.多数，大多数4ordinary adj.普通的，一般的5confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信6favour n.赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒7conduct vt.实施；指挥乐队8profit n.利润，收益vi.& vt.获益；对有用9agriculture n.农业10consequence n.结果，后果11transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态.拓展词汇通其变1exact adj. 精确的，准确的exactly adv.精确地；准确地2anxiety n忧虑，焦虑，不安anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的3adopt vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳adopted adj.收养的adoption n采用；收养4profession n职业，行业professional adj.专业的，职业的5original adj.原来的，起初的；首创的；非复制的origin n起源；出身，来历6judgement n判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决judge v判断7accurate adj.准确的，精确的accurately adv.准确地，精确地8actual adj.真实的，实际的actually adv.事实上，实际上9frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐frightening adj.令人害怕的frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的10permission n准许，许可，批准permit vt.许可，准许 n许可证11intention n意图，目的；企图intend vt.打算，想要12consideration n仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及consider v考虑，认为considering prep.鉴于，考虑到considerate adj.体贴的13reliable adj.可信赖的，可依靠的rely vi.依靠，依赖1.走进“有缘词”tissue组织issue问题dessert甜点desert舍弃affect vt.影响effect n影响principle信条principal校长adapt适应adopt收养expand扩张expend花费2.“犯罪”相关常见词crime n罪，罪行accuse vt.控告；指控charge vt.控告commit vt.犯(罪)punish vt.惩罚；处罚sentence vt.判决；宣判3.“情绪”名词集合anxiety焦虑，忧虑depression 沮丧；抑郁症sorrow 悲伤；悲痛sadness 悲伤，难过grief 悲伤；伤心事(二)重点短语记牢用活1on_the_one_hand.on_the_other_hand. 一方面另一方面2toy_with戏弄，摆弄；把当作儿戏3push_ahead_with义无反顾地进行，努力推进4for_sale供出售，待销售5be/get_burnt_out耗尽体力，累垮6follow_in_ones_footsteps效仿某人7o_consideration认真考虑8in_favour_of赞同，支持9point_of_view观点10make_sense有意义，有道理，讲得通11put.in_place准备就绪，布置妥当12rather_than而不是13deal_with处理，对付14compared_with与相比较15point_out指出16in_summary概括地说17in_agreement_with同意；与一致18turn_out结果是，证明是；生产1.“累垮”表达种种be/get burnt outbe/get worn outbe/get tired outbe/get exhausted2“考虑”短语知多少o o accounttake account ofthink over3.学会“总结”好处多in summaryin shortin briefin conclusionin a/one wordto sum upin allon the whole4.“inn.of”短语荟萃in favour of 赞同，支持in memory of 为了纪念in honour of 为了纪念in view of 鉴于；由于in terms of 就而言in case of 以防；万一in need of 需要in place of 代替；取代in search of 寻找，寻求(三)重点句式背熟巧用句型公式教材原句句型1：the first/second/.(n./pron.) to do sth.the_first_mammal_to_be_cloned successfully from an adult cell was dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。句型2：more.than.与其说倒不如说the boy was more frightened than hurt.这个男孩与其说是受伤不如说是害怕。句型3：否定副词与比较级连用表示最高级nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified(gm) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。二、语境强化训练.语境填词根据提示写出该词的适当形式1i was a student who went on alternative trips and had my life totally transformed(转变) by that experience. 2life is a series of choices and we cant always foresee the consequences(结果)3surgeons have made a great breakthrough(突破) in the kidney transplant.4some students failed to grasp even the simplest mathematical concepts(概念)5the student had really answered the question completely, but the answer didnt confirm(证明) his competence in physics.6(2019北京卷) with her dads permission(permit)，she spent the next two years researching online.7frightened(frighten) by the thunder, the little girl dare not sleep in her bedroom.8anxiety(anxious) comes from not being able to adapt yourself in your own existence.9i dont understand exactly(exact) what you are trying to say.10a market survey conducted(conduct) about sales in july shows the food price has increased by 20%.派生词练习用所给词的适当形式填空1with the intention of becoming famous and rich, many ordinary people intend to take part in some tv shows, such as the voice of china, which is intended to find good singers.(intend)2my brother is a reliable person and you can rely on it that he can help you.(rely)3mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it frightened her to death.(frighten)4i will come after the meeting if time permits,_but i should ask for my headmasters permission first.(permit)5your judgement is right.judging from his look, he must be angry with us.but we cant judge a person only by his/her appearance.(judge).选词成篇on the one hand; on the other hand; toy with; in favour of; push ahead with; follow in ones footstepsafter ian wilmut created dolly, more and more scientists 1.follow_in_his_footsteps to clone cows, goats and other animals. some scientists even 2.push_ahead_with research in order to produce a cloned human body.some people are 3.in_favour_of it while others are against it. 4.on_the_one_hand,_they think if people 5.toy_with nature in this way, it might result in catastrophes. 6.on_the_other_hand,_this experiment will make a breakthrough in producing human organs and tissues, which profits humans health.deal with; turn out; o consideration; make (no) sense; rather thanwhen some people 7.deal_with others, they firstly 8.take interests into_consideration,_which 9.turns_out to be wrong and also 10.makes_no_sense. i think it is faith 11.rather_than interests that matters while you are associating with others.完成句子1刘洋是第一位在太空逗留过的中国女性。liu yang is the_first_chinese_female_to_have_stayed in space.2别对他太苛刻了，与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。dont be too hard on him.hes more_cheated_than_stupid3对于学生学习来说，图书馆是最好的地方了。nowhere_is_better than the library for students to study. adoptvt.采用；采纳；收养基础练习单句语法填空/对比填空many animal welfare organizations provide care and adoption(adopt) services for homeless animals.the young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. after a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life. (adopt与adapt)能力提升完成句子我确实珍视这个受教育的机会，总是把这个箴言当作座右铭。i do cherish the educational opportunity and i always adopt_the_motto_to_serve_as_a_reminder (1)adopt sb.as.收养/挑选某人为(2)adoption n.收养；采用；通过(3)adopted adj. 被收养的 佳句背诵 as far as im concerned, we should adopt an optimistic attitude in the face of great pressure.就我个人而言，面对巨大压力，我们应该采取一种乐观的态度。名师点津 一字之差，意义上却大相径庭：adapt意为“(使)适应；改编”；adopt意为“采用；采纳；收养”。 consequencen结果，后果；重要性基础练习单句语法填空a.he was in bad health; as a consequence, he was unable to attend school regularly.bas a consequence of bad health, he was unable to attend school regularly.it rained yesterday, and consequently(consequent), the match was cancelled.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)to be honest, your opinion is very important to me.(高级表达)to be honest, your opinion is of_great_consequence/importance to me. (1)as a consequenceas a result因此，所以as a consequence ofas a result of由于；因为的缘故(2)be of great/no consequence重要的/无足轻重的(3)consequently adv.因此；结果 佳句背诵 sea level rise is expected as a consequence of continuing climate change, which is caused by human activities.人们认为海平面上升是人类活动引起的持续气候变化的结果。 transformvi.& vt.转化；转换；改造；变换基础练习单句语法填空the company has been transformed from a family business into one with 5，000 workforce.the past ten years has witnessed a complete transformation(transform) of my hometown.能力提升词汇升级(普通表达)your generous help and tender care turned my first american trip into an unforgettable memory.(高级表达)your generous help and tender care transformed my first american trip into an unforgettable memory. (1)o. 把变成transform sb./sth.from.把某人/物从中转变(2)transformation n.改变，变革 佳句背诵 im fully aware that its the experience from my life abroad that has totally transformed me.我充分意识到，是在国外的生活经历完全改变了我。 majorityn大多数；大半基础练习单句语法填空with the prices going up, the majority of people find(find) it hard to live on the amount of money they get.the majority were/was(be) on the englands team, which greatly disappointed them.(北京卷)in fact, he inspires me to major in english in college, to be a bridge between china and the world.能力提升完成句子(2018浙江卷6月)作为主修英语的毕业生，申请这个职位我很高兴。as_a_graduate_majoring_in_the_english_language，i feel excited to apply for the position. (1)a/the majority of.大多数be in the majority占大多数(2)major n& v.专业；主修major in.主修(3)minority n.少数be in the minority占少数佳句背诵 when i have a different opinion, i may choose to give it up and respect the opinions of the majority.当我有不同的意见时，我可能选择放弃，尊重大多数人的意见。名师点津 (1)a/the majority of名词，谓语动词的数与of后面的名词相一致；(2)the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 confirmvt.&vi. 证实，证明；确认；使确信能力提升完成句子最近的空难坚定了我的信念，那就是需要更强大的安全规则。the recent airplane crash confirms_my_belief_that stronger safety regulations are needed.已经确定会议将于下个星期召开。it_has_been_confirmed_that the meeting will take place next week.confirm a theory/rumor 证实一种理论/谣言confirm ones belief坚定某人的信念confirm that.确定/证实it has been confirmed that.已确定/证实 佳句背诵 his new role could confirm him as one of our leading actors.他的新角色会确保他跻身我们的一流演员之列。 favourn帮助，恩惠；善意的行为；赞成；关心v偏爱；赞成；有利于基础练习单句语法填空everyone present at the meeting was in favour of what he put forward.a.(2019江苏卷)favorable(favor) policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development.b(2017江苏卷)on the internet, people can seek information about their favorite(favor) stars and buy tickets at a discount as well, which is both timesaving and economical.能力提升完成句子he did_her_a_great_favour/did_a_great_favour_for_her(帮了她一个大忙) by giving her some valuable suggestions. (浙江卷)hey, can i ask_a_favour_of_you/ask_you_a_favour(请求你帮忙)?sure, what can i do for you？ (1)ask sb.a favourask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.给某人以恩惠；帮助某人in favour of支持，赞同(2)favourable adj.赞成的；有利的favourite adj.最喜爱的 佳句背诵 there is a chinese saying going like this: the favour of a drop of water has been rewarded with the gratitude of a fountain of water. 中国有句谚语：受人滴水之恩，当以涌泉相报。 frightenvt.使吃惊；惊吓基础练习单句语法填空a.(2019全国卷)he had tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but, frightened(frighten), it had run off.b(浙江卷)a sudden stop can be a very frightening(frighten) experience, especially if you are travelling at high speed.they frightened the small boy into telling them the secret.能力提升完成句子/句式升级(普通表达)she was_frightened_by_the_frightening_scene(被那可怕的景象吓坏了). she got so nervous that she trembled from head to foot.(高级表达)frightened_by_the_frightening_scene,_she got so nervous that she trembled from head to foot.(过去分词短语作状语) (1)frighten sb. into/out of doing sth.吓得某人做/不做某事(2)fright n.恐惧，害怕frightening adj.令人恐惧的，可怕的frightened adj.害怕的，受到惊吓的 名师点津 “动词 sb. into/out of doing sth.”的常见动词集锦： talk/argue/persuade sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事；talk/argue/persuade sb. out of doing sth.说服某人不做某事；force sb. into doing sth.迫使某人做某事 permissionn准许，许可，批准基础练习单句语法填空without a drivers permit, you are not permitted to_drive(drive) the car.when asked why she came in without permission(permit), she just stared at me and said nothing.no reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission. (1)without ones permission未经某人允许ask for permission请求允许(2)permit v.允许，许可permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事permit doing sth.允许做某事 on the one hand.on the other hand.一方面另一方面基础练习单句语法填空on the other hand, they can enrich my life and provide me with great fun.to improve your english, first(ly), you should listen more；second(ly),_you should read more.im not going to buy it；for one thing i dont like the color, and for another its far too expensive.能力提升完成句子(2019全国卷)一方面，我精通英语口语，另一方面，我有陪伴外国朋友的经验。on_the_one_hand，i_have_a_good_command_of_spoken_english；on_the_other_hand,_i have some experience in accompanying foreign friends. (1)first(ly).second(ly).第一第二(2)for one thing.for another.一则二则 佳句背诵 on the one hand, i have a strong belief that i will do well in the exam; on the other hand, i feel a bit nervous, though its not difficult.一方面，我非常自信能在考试中做好；另一方面，我感觉有点紧张，尽管考试并不难。for one thing there isnt time, and for another we havent enough money.一方面是没有时间，另一方面是我们没有足够的钱。 o consideration认真考虑基础练习单句语法填空(上海卷)all the staff in our company are considering going(go) to the city centre for the fashion show.if you want to go for a picnic, youd better take the weather into consideration(consider)能力提升完成句子时间因素是我们必须首先考虑的。time factor is what we must first take_into_consideration许多建议正在考虑之中。a number of proposals are under_consideration (1)show consideration for对表示关心under consideration在讨论/考虑中out of consideration for出于对的考虑/体谅(2)consider vt.考虑；认为consider doing sth.考虑做某事(3)considerate adj.考虑周到的；体贴的(4)considering prep.考虑到；就而言；鉴于 the first/second/.(n./pron.) to do sth.(教材p42)the first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。 基础练习单句语法填空(湖南卷)the ability to_express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.there was no signal in that faraway village and all my attempts to_contact(contact) you failed.能力提升完成句子(安徽卷)我真的很想采访杨利伟，因为他不仅是第一个去太空的中国人，还是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。i would really like to interview yang liwei because he is not only the_first_chinese_to_go_to_space but also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. (1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时或前有next, only, last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰抽象名词时，常见的有ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety，answer, reply, attempt, belief等。 佳句背诵 he was the last one to reach the finishing line in the race. 他是在比赛中最后一个到达终点线的人。she was the first woman to win the gold medal in the olympic games.她是第一位在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 more. than.与其说倒不如说(教材p50)the boy was more frightened than hurt.这个男孩与其说是受伤不如说是害怕。一词多义写出下列句中more than的含义(2019北京卷) first celebrated in 1970, earth day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区)超过(2019全国卷) whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. he wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀) about themselves.不仅仅是(天津卷)if there is something else that we can do for you, we are more than glad to give a helping hand.非常能力提升完成句子it will take him no_more_than(仅仅) five days to read the book.he failed in the exam again. in my view, he_was_more_lazy_than_stupid(与其说他笨倒不如说他懒) (1)more.than.与其说倒不如说；是而不是(2)more than数词或从句超过more than形容词非常more than名词不只是；不仅是(3)no more than只不过；仅仅not more than不超过；至多rather than而不是other than除了；不同于 佳句背诵 im more than delighted to learn that you are going to visit your chinese friend. 我很高兴得知你要拜访中国友人。(2018全国卷)维度一在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式1we were astonished to find the temple still in its original(origin) condition.2pauls mother had him adopted(adopt) because she couldnt look after him herself.3you can get plenty of valuable information from some reliable(rely) sources.4amy was the only person to_witness(witness) the car accident.5safe driving is good driving because it takes the lives of other people into consideration(consider)维度二在空白处填入1个适当的单词1in our city, almost everyone is in favour of bringing down the housing price because it is too high for us to buy one.2this story is no more interesting than the one our teacher told us in class.3no human being could have passed a happier childhood than myself.4i have no way yet as to how to deal with such a complicated situation.5compared with other applicants, you are more suited to the job.维度三语境品词(写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义)1(2017北京卷)of the two trips, i favour the former one. 偏爱，喜欢2as you know, smoking is one of the major causes of cancer, so youd better give it up.主要的3no reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission.允许4we should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.后果维度四易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)1whatever happens, we must push ahead forward our plans to increase production.forwardwith2what has been confirmed that workers salary will be closely connected with their task.whatit或在that前加上is3i need to call my dad and ask for permit before we go out.permitpermission4for me, music is much a way of life than an interest.muchmore5he wrote the letter with intention of asking for some advice.在with之后加the6on the one hand, of course, cars are very useful; on other hand, they cause air pollution.在other前加the7the frightening child held his mothers hand tightly.frighteningfrightened8you are the second teacher asking me the question today.askingto_ask维度五完成句子1生活在你忙于制订别的计划时不期而至。life is what happens while_you_are_busy making other plans.2先生，如果没有我们经理的允许，你不准进入这座大楼。sir, you are not allowed to enter the building if you dont get_our_managers_permission3(四川卷)一方面，我坚信会在考试中做得很好；另一方面，虽然不难，我仍感觉有点紧张。 on_the_one_hand，i_have_strong_belief_that i will do well in the exam; on_the_other_hand,_i feel a bit nervous, though its not difficult.4这项新政策一定会让公众受益。这就是我支持它的原因。the new policy is bound to benefit the public.this_is_why_im_in_favour_of_it.5你最好抓住这次机会，接受他们提供的工作。我觉得你在以后不会找到更好的工作。youd better take the chance and accept their offer. i_dont_think_you_will_get_a_better_job in the fut