2021版高考英语大一轮复习 核心素养测评六 Unit 3 Amazing people 牛津译林版必修2

核心素养测评六 unit 3amazing people. 阅读理解afollowing mo yans nobel prize, the usually silent chinese literary circle got warmed up again. a shanghai writer named jin yucheng surprised nearly everyone by making his new novel full of the shanghai dialect(方言). published in 2012, the 350, 000-word blossoms is a novel about the changes in shanghai over 30 years, drawing clear images of the city through the stories of many common people. there is no main story like most novels, but every story in it could run independently. while putonghua is the standard choice for chinese literature today, jins use of the shanghai dialect appears both different and bold. “i have seen too many novels that look similar to each other. chinese literature is getting monotonous both in language and form. i want to be special with my own language, ” jin told the global times. in the novel, jin makes a breakthrough by mainly using dialogues to unfold various plots and represent typical characters on a daily basis. he also abandons the use of some punctuation like quotation marks(引号), showing a return to the traditional chinese huaben(话本) genre. since its publication, the book has been widely recommended on sina weibo with many netizens rating the novel high for its unique use of the dialect and vivid description of life using plain speech. jin said that he got the idea of writing the novel while chatting in an online forum where people use the shanghai dialect. the praise he received from the netizens encouraged him to continue writing the random stories. “id like to see more writers to follow my lead. it will enrich our literature and make it diverse, ” he said. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了上海作家金宇澄的小说繁花。1. what can we know from the first two paragraphs? a. the chinese literary circle is always silent. b. mo yan was surprised at jin yuchengs new novel. c. the novel represents a modern lifestyle in shanghai. d. the stories in the novel arent linked to each other. 【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“there is no main story like most novels, but every story in it could run independently. ”可知, 繁花没有像大多数小说那样有一个主要故事, 但它的每一个故事都可以独立成篇。据此可知, 这部小说中的故事并没有互相联系, 故d项正确。2. what does the underlined word “monotonous” in paragraph 3 mean? a. lacking in variety. b. short of expectations. c. wanting further improvement. d. requiring more consideration. 【解析】选a。词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“i have seen too many novels that look similar to each other. ”可知, 金宇澄认为中国的很多小说看上去彼此相似; 再结合该段第三句中的“i want to be special with my own language”可知, 他想要用自己的语言让自己的小说有特色。据此可推知“chinese literature is getting monotonous both in language and form. ”表示中国文学在语言和形式上正变得单调, 画线词与a项含义相近, 故a项正确。b项意为“低于预期”, c项意为“想要进一步改善”, d项意为“需要更多的考虑”, 都与文意不符。3. how does jin yucheng make a breakthrough in his new novel? a. by inventing lots of typical characters. b. by creating a vivid background. c. by employing dialogues to develop plots and characters. d. by playing with beautiful words in shanghai dialect. 【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“in the novel, jin makes a breakthrough by mainly using dialogues to unfold various plots and represent typical characters on a daily basis. ”可知, 金宇澄在小说中主要是使用对话来展开各种情节并描写日常生活中的典型人物来取得突破的, 故c项正确。4. what encouraged jin yucheng to continue writing in dialect? a. the netizens posts. b. the netizens praise. c. the citizens comments. d. other writers encouragement. 【解析】选b。细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“the praise he received from the netizens encouraged him to continue writing the random stories. ”可知, 网民们的赞扬鼓励着他继续用方言写小说, 故b项正确。bsometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet, or new plans to battle its effects. but the concept itself isnt new at allin fact, scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years. the idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824, when joseph fourier wondered what was regulating the earths temperature. fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid: as light shines through the glass, the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat. as fouriers ideas spread, it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”. scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect. not until a swedish chemist named svante arrhenius came along, did scientists understand how global warming actually works. after years of work, arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures. arrhenius found that co2 and other gases trap radiation, which warms the atmosphere. arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect. but arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet. at a lecture later that year, arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”. while arrhenius findings won him the 1903 nobel prize in chemistry, scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950, when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it. by the end of the 1950s, american scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. climate change research has come a long way since fourier first described the greenhouse effectstill, maybe arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们对气候变化及其对地球造成影响的探索。5. what does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to? a. the atmosphere. b. the greenhouse effect. c. the climate change. d. the heat from the sun. 【解析】选a。指代判断题。根据第二段中的“fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid”可知, it应指代其前某个单数或不可数名词, 结合语境可判断指代atmosphere, 故选a。6. when did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming? a. in 1903. b. in 1950. c. 200 years ago. d. by the end of 1950s. 【解析】选d。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“by the end of the 1950s, american scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long-term consequences of climate change. ”可知, 到20世纪50年代末, 美国科学家们才发出气候变暖的长期后果的警报, 推断此时发现了全球变暖的危害的证据, 故选d。7. whats the authors attitude towards arrhenius wish? a. positive. b. indifferent. c. supportive. d. opposed. 【解析】选d。观点态度题。根据文章第四段最后一句谈及arrhenius对气候变暖的观点, 并对照最后一段中的“. . . still, maybe arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for”可知, 作者对瑞典化学家arrhenius的观点持反对意见, 故选d。8. whats the main idea of the text? a. causes of climate change. b. effects of greenhouse gases. c. explorations on climate change. d. findings about global warming. 【解析】选c。主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知, 本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。其他选项均较为片面, 仅为文中谈及的一个方面, 故选c。. 阅读填句世纪金榜导学号根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。gardening 380 kilometers above earthastronauts have to go through physical, psychological, and technical training. they also go through training in how to care for plants. these “astronaut gardeners” share their work and living space with plants. taking seeds and plants along on a trip isnt a new idea. as space trips become longer, it will be necessary to grow food in space. 1 because of this, its not practical to send everything needed for a long journey, only to be used once and thrown away. plants can serve many uses on a space journey. they can provide more fresh things. 2 also, plants can help to make air quality better because they produce oxygen. they can improve the quality of the air inside the spacecraftthe only air the astronauts can breathe. 3 due to the lack of gravity in space, the oxygen that the plants produce stays around the plants. this can actually kill them, so fans are needed to circulate the air. without gravity, roots dont “know” to grow down, leaves dont “know” to grow up, and water doesnt easily travel up the roots to the leaves. 4 besides, soil is too heavy to send to space, and special liquid gels (凝胶) are used to help plant growth. scientists are also working on the plants themselves. they are trying to make plants grow more rapidly and grow with less water and light in space, and they are looking for ways to make plants more resistant to disease. 5 imagine that deserts may one day provide lots of fresh food for local people, saving transportation costs. similarly, plants that are resistant to disease could provide an important food supply. with the worlds population now at about 7. 7 billion people, our astronaut gardeners may help discover ways to feed those billions. a. every plant grown in space must have several uses. b. however, there are challenges with growing plants in space. c. such methods may result in improvements back here on earth. d. the cost of taking anything into space is about $22, 000 per kilogram. e. specialized containers are being developed to help the plants grow correctly. f. astronauts will welcome the addition of fruit and vegetables to their diet of dry foods. g. currently all oxygen is taken aboard in tanks. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了宇航员在太空种植物的原因和好处以及种植方法。1. 【解析】选d。空后是说将所有所需东西带上太空是不切合实际的; 据此可推知, 空处应是介绍空后一句的原因。故d项“带任何东西到太空的花费大约是每千克22 000美元”符合语境。2. 【解析】选f。根据空前一句可知, 植物可以为宇航员提供新鲜的东西; 根据空后一句可知, 植物还可以改善宇宙飞船内的空气质量, 因为其可以产生氧气; 据此可推知, 空处应是介绍太空种植植物的好处, 即宇航员也喜欢在他们的干粮中有新鲜的果蔬食物。故f项正确。3. 【解析】选b。上文介绍了太空种植的好处, 即为宇航员提供新鲜的果蔬、改善宇宙飞船的空气质量等; 结合下文可知, 种植太空果蔬有一定的困难; 据此可知, 空处承上启下, 与上文形成转折关系。故b项正确。4. 【解析】选e。根据上文可知, 在失重的情况下, 植物的根和叶不知道如何生长, 水分也不容易从根部传到叶子上; 而空后一句介绍了关于土壤的解决方法; 据此可推知, 空处应是介绍解决上述问题的方法。故e项“正在研制专门的容器去帮助植物正确地生长”符合语境。5. 【解析】选c。根据空前一句可知, 科学家们正在寻找各种让植物少使用水却能在太空快速生长, 而且可以抵抗病害的方法; 且下文又提到改良后的植物对地球的影响; 据此可推知, 空处应是说明这些方法可以在地球上运用以带来积极效果。故c项正确。. 语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。most 97-year-olds would 1. (probable) feel accomplished just getting out of bed in the morning. john b. goodenough, 97, just won the nobel prize in chemistry. 2. (bear) in 1922 in jena, germany, goodenough earned a phd from the university of chicago in 1952. he went on to work at the massachusetts institute of technology, then at the university of oxford. it was at oxford 3. goodenough made the groundbreaking discovery of lithium-ion batteries (锂离子电池) that helped 4. (he) win the nobel. the ability 5. (store)energy from renewable sources, the sun, the wind, opens up 6. sustainable energy consumption. from laptops to smartphones, lithium-ion batteries power some of the most commonly used devices. electric vehicles 7. (make) possible because of the development of these batteries, and wireless communication has flourished because of 8. technology. even at the age of 97, he continues to develop new polymers and battery concepts with researchers in his lab. he is now largely focused on 9. (develop) all-solid-state batteries as they can offer better 10. (safe). 【文章大意】由于在锂离子电池领域的贡献, 97岁的古迪纳夫是迄今为止最年长的诺贝尔化学奖获得者。1. 【解析】probably。考查词形变化。大多数97岁的老年人可能只要早上能起得了床就会充满成就感。此处修饰动词feel, 应使用副词形式, 故填probably。2. 【解析】born。考查非谓语动词。be born in意为“出生于”, 和句子主语goodenough在逻辑上是被动关系, 此处使用过去分词作状语。故填born。3. 【解析】that。考查强调句型。正是在牛津大学期间, 古迪纳夫有了对锂离子电池的突破性发现, 帮助他获得了诺贝尔奖。该句为强调句, 其结构为“it was +被强调部分+that从句”, 被强调的是地点状语at oxford。故填that。4. 【解析】him。考查代词。作help的宾语, 用代词的宾格。5. 【解析】to store。考查非谓语动词。the ability后常用不定式作定语, 修饰名词。6. 【解析】for。锂离子电池储存来自太阳能、风能等可再生能源的能力为可持续的能源消费打开了大门。此处表示目的, 故填for。7. 【解析】were made。由于锂离子电池的发展, 使电动汽车有可能被研发出来。make和electric vehicles在逻辑上是被动关系; 根据常识, 电动汽车被研发发生在过去, 故填一般过去时的被动语态。8. 【解析】the。无线通信也因为锂离子电池的技术而蓬勃发展。此处表示特指, 故填the。9. 【解析】developing。古迪纳夫现在主要专注于开发全固态电池。作介词on的宾语且表示动作, 应使用动名词形式。故填developing。10. 【解析】safety。它们能够提供更好的安全性。作动词offer的宾语应使用名词, 故填safety。语法填空阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。the life and work of marie curiemarie curie is probably the most famous woman scientist 1. has ever lived. born in poland in 1867, she is famous for her work on radioactivity, and was twice a 2. (win) of the nobel prize. with her husband, pierre curie, and henri becquerel, she was 3. (award) the 1903 nobel prize for physics, and was the sole winner of 4. 1911 nobel prize for chemistry. from childhood, marie was praised for her great memory, and at the age of 16 won a gold medal on completion of her secondary education. 5. her father lost his savings through bad investment, she had to take work as a teacher. from her earnings she was able to help her sister bronia study 6. paris, on the understanding 7. bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education. in 1891, this promise 8. (accomplish) and marie went to paris and began to study at the university of paris. she often worked far into the night and lived on little more than bread and tea. due to her hard work, she always came 9. (one) in the examination. it was 10. until the spring of that year that she was introduced to pierre curie. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了有史以来最有名的女科学家之一居里夫人的生活与工作。1. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句, 修饰先行词woman scientist, 且在定语从句中作主语, 故填who/that。2. 【解析】winner。考查词性转换。冠词后用单数名词, 且表示“(诺贝尔奖)得主/获得者”, 故填winner。3. 【解析】awarded。考查动词的语态。此处表示“她被授予1903年诺贝尔物理学奖”, she与award之间是被动关系, 应用被动语态, 故填awarded。4. 【解析】the。考查冠词。她在1911年赢得了诺贝尔化学奖。特指1911年的诺贝尔化学奖, 故填the。5. 【解析】because。考查连词。此处表示因为她父亲投资失败而将积蓄付之一空, 她不得不工作。上下文表示因果关系, 故填because。6. 【解析】in。考查介词。表示在巴黎, 指大地方, 故填in。7. 【解析】that。考查固定搭配。on the understanding that “以为条件”, 为固定用法, 故填that。8. 【解析】was accomplished。考查动词的时态和语态。主语promise和所给词之间是被动关系, 全文时态是一般过去时, 故填was accomplished。9. 【解析】first。考查序数词。居里夫人学习非常刻苦, 她总是考第一名, 故填first。10. 【解析】not。考查连词。强调“直到才”, 用not. . . until. . . , 故填not。. 阅读理解stephen hawking was a british scientist, professor and author who made great contributions to physics and cosmology (宇宙学). his books helped to make science much easier to understand. here is a brief introduction to his family and early years. as the eldest of frank and isobel hawkings four children, stephen hawking was born into a family of thinkers. his scottish mother earned her way into oxford university in the 1930s-a time when few women were able to go to college. his father, another oxford graduate, was a medical researcher. stephen hawkings birth came at an inopportune time for his parents, who didnt have much money. and england was dealing with world war . in an effort to look for a safer place, isobel returned to oxford to have their first child. the hawkings would go on to have two other children, mary (1943) and philippa (1947). and their second son, edward, was adopted in 1956. in 1950, hawkings father was sent to africa and spent the winter months there doing research. he wanted his eldest child to go into medicine, but at an early age, hawking showed an interest in science and the sky. that was clear to his mother, who, along with her children, often relaxed in the backyard on summer evenings and looked at the stars. “stephen always had a strong sense of wonder, ” she remembered. “and i could see that the stars would draw him. ”hawking was also frequently on the go. with his sister mary hawking, who loved to climb, designed different entry routes into the family home. he loved to dance and also took an interest in rowing, becoming a team coxswain (舵手) in college. 【文章大意】本文为说明文。讲述的是著名的科学家、教授和作家斯蒂芬霍金的家庭及早期的生活。1. what do we know about stephen hawkings family from the text? a. hawking was the oldest child in his family. b. hawkings mother was a teacher at oxford university. c. hawking had two brothers and three sisters altogether. d. hawkings father graduated from london university. 【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第二段“as the eldest of frank and isobel hawkings four children. . . ”可知霍金是家中的长子, 故a项正确。2. what is the meaning of the underlined word “inopportune” in the third paragraph? a. bringing great luck. b. all of a sudden. c. happening at a bad time. d. causing trouble. 【解析】选c。词义猜测题。根据第三段“. . . who didnt have much money. and england was dealing with world war . ”可知当时他的父母没有钱, 而且英国要处理二战事宜, 政治环境也较为动乱, 所以他的出生不合时宜。3. where was hawking born? a. in africa. b. in the us. c. in scotland. d. in oxford. 【解析】选d。细节理解题。根据第三段“in an effort to look for a safer place, isobel returned to oxford to have their first child. ”可知, 霍金在牛津出生。 4. why did hawking choose to study science and the sky? a. because his father asked him to do so. b. because his mother had a great influence on him. c. because he was interested in them at an early age. d. because he was fond of doing research on stars. 【解析】选c。细节理解题。 根据第四段“. . . but at an early age, hawking showed an interest in science and the sky. ”可知, 因为霍金从小对科学和天空感兴趣, 所以他选择研究这些领域, 故c项正确。. 完形填空you may always hear about people who knew exactly what they wanted to do with their life from the time they were in kindergarten. i didnt consider lots of career 1 when i graduated from high school. like most students who earned good grades in math and science classes, i found people encouraging me to be an engineer. but all of that changed when i went to my university. i will never forget the feeling of walking into my very first biology 2. i nervously found a seat and waited for the type of 3 you see in tv shows, old and strict. what i got was exactly opposite. dr espinoza was a caring and enthusiastic teacher, and two terms of her classes made me fall in love with biology. her exciting classes made me 4 that i had other choices besides being a(n) 5. it meant i was headed for a career in biological research. 6 dr espinoza and many other professors like her, i found that scientists arent just what we 7 on the national geographic channel. they are real people who answer real questions and 8 real problems. this led me to seek out 9 to