2021版高考英语大一轮复习 核心素养测评二十一 Unit 2 Fit for life 牛津译林版选修7

核心素养测评二十一 unit 2fit for life(限时35分钟). 阅读理解achinas health and education authorities on monday required the countrys schools to establish systems to report hiv/aids infection cases in students. the national health and family planning commission and the ministry of education said in a joint circular that infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years, a sign of problems in education and students awareness about hiv/aids prevention. the two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures. the circular also urged proper protection of infected students privacy. “students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on hiv/aids prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality, ” the circular said. it also pledged financial support for volunteer services. the circular said hiv/aids voluntary counselling and testing services should be improved and schools should encourage students with risky behavior to use the services. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育, 建立完善的防控体系, 完善对艾滋病防范的服务。1. what does the underlined word “circular” in the second paragraph mean? a. roundb. notice c. advertisements d. news【解析】选b。词义猜测题。根据上文the national health and family planning commission and the ministry of education said in a joint与下文infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years, a sign of problems in education and students awareness about hiv/aids prevention. 可知: 近年来, 青年学生中的病毒感染明显增加, 这是教育和学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的预防意识存在问题的迹象, 是对circular的具体阐述, 其内容是一份公告和通知, 由此可见, circular意思为“通知; 公告”, 故选b。2. from the passage, we can infer that _. a. students have fully realized the meaning of hiv/aidsb. chinas health and education authorities pay little attention to hiv/aids issues in chinese studentsc. students awareness about hiv/aids should be greatly improvedd. hiv/aids infection cases in students have drawn no concern among students【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据第五段“students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on hiv/aids prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality, ” the circular said. 可知, 该通知称, 中学及以上年级的学生应参加以预防不安全行为以及性责任和道德为重点的艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防特别班。由此可见, 应加大提高学生对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的认识, 故选c。3. what can be the best title for the text? a. call for reports on students with hiv. b. public concerns about hiv/aids infection. c. volunteer services for hiv/aids infection cases. d. to ignore hiv/aids infection cases is wrong. 【解析】选c。标题拟定题。根据文章大意可知, 本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育, 建立完善的防控体系, 完善对艾滋病防范的服务。故选c。【知识拓展】长难句分析the two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures. 分析: 这是一个简单句, 有两个并列谓语动词required. . . and called for. . . 。to improve awareness at schools是第一个谓语动词之后的目的状语; to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures是第二个谓语动词后的目的状语。翻译: 这两个部门要求当地的卫生和教育部门要提高在校意识, 要求建立感染报告机制以及定期咨询机制来分析感染原因、制定对策。bstephen hawkings final fear was that dna manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. the physicist, who died aged 76 in march, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. his last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called brief answers to big questions. hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their childrens dna to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity. and he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. in an extract (摘录) published by the sunday times, he wrote: “i am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression. laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. but some people wont be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life. ” and he said that would cause huge problems for humans who have not undergone the same process, leaving them unable to compete. the professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. he said of normal humans: “presumably they will die out, or become unimportant. instead, there will be a race of self-designing beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate. ” the brief history of time author also refers to techniques like crispr, which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others. and although such procedures could be a boost for medical science, some critics are worried that they could cause a eugenics-style (优生方式) movement, where the weak are weeded out of society. the new book, published by hodder & stoughton on tuesday, also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society. in it, he examines whether aliens exist, colonize space and whether humans will ever go beyond our solar system. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。物理学家斯蒂芬霍金去世前的最后担忧是: 操纵dna将催生超级人类优等种族, 他认为这一发展趋势可能会毁灭人类。4. stephen hawkings views dont include . a. dna manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beingsb. there exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genesc. people cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristicsd. humans who havent undergone genetic engineering may die out【解析】选c。细节理解题。根据第二段“but some people wont be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life. ”可知是some people而不是people, 故c选项以偏概全, 不是霍金的观点。故选c。5. which one is the book published by hodder & stoughton? a. brief answers to big questions. b. the sunday times. c. the brief history of time. d. solar system. 【解析】选a。推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中“the new book, published by hodder & stoughton on tuesday”使用了定冠词the可知是对应第一段中第一次提到的a new book of his collected articles and essays called brief answers to big questions, 故brief answers to big questions 是由hodder & stoughton 出版的, a选项正确。【误区警示】the sunday times是霍金曾经在上面发表过文章的报刊, 故b选项排除; the brief history of time是霍金之前的书, 故排除c选项; solar system不是书, d选项不正确。6. whats stephen hawkings attitude towards human genetic engineering? a. supportive. b. impartial. c. favorable. d. concerned. 【解析】选d。观点态度题。根据文章第一段第一句“stephen hawkings final fear was that dna manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. ”; 第二段第二句“and he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. ”; 与第二段中“the professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. ”中fear, crisis, warned等词可以看出, 霍金对于人类基因工程的态度是担忧的, 因此选d。7. what does the text mainly want to tell us? a. crispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed. b. dna manipulation will create a master race of superhumans. c. humans will colonize space and go beyond our solar system. d. dna manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings. 【解析】选d。主旨大意题。从文章的第一段第二句“the physicist, who died aged 76 in march, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. ”可知操纵dna可能会导致人类灭绝, 故选d。【误区警示】文章只是作为举例说明, 提到了crispr(基因编辑技术) 使科学家能够修改有害的基因。并不是文章的主要内容, 故排除a选项; 文章提出操纵dna将导致人类灭绝, 而不是创造优良种族, b选项与文章内容相悖, 故b选项错误; c选项“人类将移民太空并走出太阳系。”文章中没有提及, 排除c选项。【知识拓展】佳词积累1. development n. 发展2. prediction n. 预测3. intelligence n. 智力, 聪明4. aggression n. 侵略, 挑衅5. temptation n. 欲望, 诱惑6. characteristics n. 特征; 特性; 特质7. humanity n. 人道, 仁慈. 阅读填句世纪金榜导学号current digital technology gives us music of flawless quality. it also makes it easier to copy, upload and stream music without having to download it. 1. however, as climate change is on everyones mind these days, the question related to music arises: which music consumption form is worse for the environment: cds, vinyl (黑色胶片), or digital music? the answer might surprise you. 2, logic would suggest that music downloads and online streaming are good for the environment. but must it surely be more environmentally friendly? even though streamed music is material-free, that doesnt mean it doesnt have an environmental impact. in fact, the information is searched and sent to our electronic devices across the network, which costs energy. 3. researchers found that streaming an album over the internet will use 27 times more energy than it takes to produce a single cd or vinyl record. in any given second, the music platform is serving about 2. 5 million streams at the same time. 4, that means almost 210, 000 albums worth of music has been streamed. it will use nearly 8, 000 times more energy than what making one cd takes. meanwhile, if you buy a cd, its there permanently. the only extra energy required is whatever you need to power your cd player. the study was published before record store dayan event that encourages listeners to buy physical record. 5. rather, they want you to think about your power use and choose services that minimize their effect on the planet. they also hope this could develop alternatives that are more sustainable without sacrificing the convenience you expect. a. since our digital music uses less plasticb. if average albums contain twelve tracksc. this happens every time we stream musicd. as a result, streaming music becomes populare. although streaming music is a greener alternativef. it wants to convey effects of streaming on economyg. but the researchers arent advising playing music traditionally【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。当今的数字技术给我们带来了完美无瑕的音乐品质。且因为我们的数字音乐使用更少的塑料, 从逻辑上讲, 音乐下载和在线流媒体对环境是有好处的。事实上, 信息是通过网络搜索并发送到我们的电子设备上的, 这需要消耗能源。研究人员希望人们考虑能源使用, 并选择那些对地球影响最小的服务。1. 【解析】选d。根据上文it also makes it easier to copy, upload and stream music without having to download it. 它还使复制、上传和流媒体音乐变得更容易, 而无需下载。可推测下文将叙述这种情况带来的影响是: 因此, 流媒体音乐变得流行起来。故选d。2. 【解析】选a。根据下文logic would suggest that music downloads and online streaming are good for the environment. 从逻辑上讲, 音乐下载和在线流媒体对环境是有好处的。可推测上文是说明: 因为我们的数字音乐使用更少的塑料。故选a。3. 【解析】选c。根据上文in fact, the information is searched and sent to our electronic devices across the network, which costs energy. 事实上, 信息是通过网络搜索并发送到我们的电子设备上的, 这需要消耗能源。下文则说