Washington-Irving-and-James-Fenimore-CooperPPT课件

.,1,AuthorsinAmericanRomanticPeriod,WashingtonIrvingitisalsosometimescalledtheageofTranscendentalism.,.,4,WashingtonIrving(1783-1859),.,5,Lifeintroduction:,Born:1783,theyoungestof11children.Bornplace:NewYorkslowerManhattan.,.,6,Growthenvironment:HisfatherwasamoderatelywealthyScottishhardwaremerchant.WashingtonIrvinggrewupinahouseholdfilledwithFederalistsentiments.Throughouthislife,Irvingremainedamanpleasedwithupper-classtastesandaFederalistinpoliticsandinculture.,.,7,In1803heinterruptedhisworkasalawclerktotravelthroughthefrontierofupperstateNewYorkandeasternpartofCanada.In1804hewenttoRomewherehemettheAmericanpainterWashingtonAllstonanddevelopaninterestinart.,.,8,In1806hewasadmittedtobecomealicensedlayerinNewYork.Buthepreferredtospendhistimedevelopinghisknowledgeinculturalaffairsandinliterature.Thenjoinedagroupoflike-mindedandwell-readyoungbachelorswhodiscoursedintavernsandliterarycircles.,.,9,In1815IrvingmadehissecondtriptoEuropewherehelingeredforthenext17years.1819-1820Irvingsshortstories,TheSketchBook”ofGeoffreyCrayonfirstprintedinAmerica.Containedtwoofhismostfamoustales:RipvanWinkleandTheLegendofSleepyHollow.,.,10,In1832IrvingreturnedtoAmericaDied:28November1859.,.,11,Masterpieces:Hismajorworkmaybedividedintosuchcategoriesasessaysandsketches,talesandshortstories,historicalandbiographicalaccounts.,.,12,AhistoryofNewYork,formthebeginningoftheworldtotheendoftheDutchdynasty,byDietrichKnickerbocker(1809)纽约外史Thisishisfirstsuccessfulworkwhich,writtenunderthenameofDietrichKnickerbockers,wonhimwidepopularityafteritcameoutin1809.,.,13,RipVanWinkle瑞普凡温克尔,.,14,TheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷的传说,.,15,TheSketchBookofGeoffrey见闻札记Crayon,Gent.(1819-1820),.,16,ItshouldbeconsideredalongwithIrvingotherbooksoftales.SomeofthesketchesareessaysexpressinganostalgiaforthetraditionsofEnglishlife,suchas“theChristmasDinner”,“StratfordonAvon”,“aSundayinLondon”,“WestminsterAbbey”.SomesketchesareaboutAmericanscenes.“RipVanWinkle”and“TheLegendofSleepyHollow”areincludedinthisbook.,.,17,BracebridgeHallTalesofaTraveler旅人述异(1824)TheAlhambra阿尔罕伯拉（1832）,.,18,AHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus(1828)哥伦布传Itshouldbecomparedtohisotherbooksofhistoryandbiography.Thishistory/biographyisbasedontheworkofNavarrete.,.,19,AChronicleoftheConquestofGranada(1829)攻克格拉纳达showsthesameindecisivenessonIrvingspartabouthistoryandromance.Astoria(1836)阿斯托里亚thefirstbiographyofanAmericanbusinessmogul,J.J.Astoria,.,20,Influenceinliterature:,IrvingisthefirstbelletristinAmericanliterature,writingforpleasureatatimewhenwritingwaspracticalandforusefulpurposes.,.,21,HeisthefirstAmericanliteraryhumorist.Hehaswrittenthefirstmodernshortstories.Heisthefirsttowritehistoryandbiographyasentertainment.Heintroducedthenonfictionproseasaliterarygenre.HisuseofthegothiclooksforwardtoPoe.,.,22,Featuresandstyle:,Inhisimaginativeandhistoricalstyleknownforhishumor,hisvividcharacterization,hissenseofirony,hisfinishedstyle,andthedefinitenessofAmericanespeciallynewYorklocation.Buthelacksintellectualdepths.Hisstyleissuggestiveandhighlightsattitudesandmoods.,.,23,JamesFenimoreCooper(17891851),.,24,LifeIntroduction:,Earlylife:BorninBurlington,NewJerseyThesonofWilliamandElizabeth(Fenimore)CooperMovedtoCooperstown,NewYorkin1791EnrolledatYaleat13.Buthewasexpelledforchildishpranksinthethirdyear.,.,25,Obtainedworkasasailoronamerchantvesselin1806.JoinedtheUnitedStatesNavyat18(18081811).Obtainedtherankofmidshipmanbeforeleavingin1811.MarriedSusanAugustadelanceyin1810.Andhadsevenchildren.WriterPaulFenimoreCooperwasagreat-grandson.,.,26,Laterlife:,LiveinNewYorkandparticipatedinintellectuallifeandpoliticsatthebeginningofthe1820s.LivedinEuropeandwroteromancesandunsuccessfullybooksaboutdemocracy,politics,andsociety,from1826to1833.ReturnedtotheUnitesStates,livingfirstinNewYorkCityandtheninCooperstownin1833.Earnedlessfromhisbooksbutwasforcedtogoonwritingforincomeduringthelastdecadesofhislife.DiedofdropsyatOtsegoHallin1851.,.,27,Works:,Precaution戒备(1820,hisfirstnovel,imitatingAustensPrideandPrejudice)TheSpy间谍(hissecondnovelandagreatsuccess)TellsanadventuretaleabouttheAmericanRevolution.ThePilot领航者(bestofhissearomances)TheLittlepageManuscripts利特佩奇的手稿LeatherstockingTales皮袜子故事集,.,28,LeatherstockingTales:,ThePioneers拓荒者（1823）NattyBumppofirstappearsasaseasonedscoutinadvancingyears,withthedyingChingachgook,theoldIndianchiefandhisfaithfulcomrade,astheeasternforestfrontierbeginstodisappearandChingachgookdies.,.,29,.,30,TheLastoftheMohicans最后的莫希干人(1826),AnadventureoftheFrenchandIndianWarsintheLakeGeorgeCounty.,.,31,ThePrairie草原(1827),SetinthenewfrontierwheretheLeatherstockingdies.,.,32,ThePathfinder探路者(1840),ContinuingthesameborderwarfareintheSt.LawrenceandLakeOntariocountry.,.,33,TheDeerslayer杀鹿者(1841),EarlyadventureswiththehostileHurononLakeOtsego,NY.,.,34,Healsowroteaseriousofseaadventureslike：TheRedRiver赤河恋影(1827)TheWing-and-wing岁月风云(1842).,.,35,Influenceinliterature:,CoopersContributiontoAmericanliteratureisseveral-fold:1.ThefirstsuccessfulAmericanhistoricalromanceintheveinofSirWalterScott(TheSpy,1821).2.Thefirstseanovel(ThePilot,1824).3.Thefirstattemptatafullyresearchedhistoricalnovel(LionelLincoln,1825).,.,36,4.Thefirstfull-scaleHistoryoftheNavyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica(1839).5.ThefirstAmericaninternationalnovelofmanners(HomewardBoundandHomeasFound,1838).6.ThefirsttrilogyinAmericanfiction(Satansto