（新课标）2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars单元课堂45分钟小测4 新人教版必修3

单元课堂45分钟小测.单词拼写1a familyfriendly _(气氛) in this hotel makes travelers comfortable.2it is reported that the talk will _(缓解) the tension.3the mystery of _(天文学) attracts many curious people.4they have almost spent as much as one _(十亿) dollars on this project.5an airliner _(失事) in west of denver last night.6an astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary _(宇宙飞船) and then return to it.7in old times people had a _(理论) that the world was flat.8because of the_(猛烈的) natural disaster, a lot of people have lost their lives.9the moons _(引力) affects the tides on earth.10the other day he began a trip circling around the _(地球) in an airplane.答案1.atmosphere2.lessen3.astronomy4billion5.crashed6.spaceship7.theory8.violent9pull10.globe.完成句子1the villagers have already known _ is rebuild the bridge.村民们已经知道我们要做的事是重修这座桥。2scientists have many theories about _.关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。3it matters little _.他喜不喜欢它并没有什么关系。4he _ at six every day.他每天六点起床，这已成为一种习惯。5. _， you might as well make full use of it.你既然得到了一个机会，不妨充分利用它。答案1.what we will do2.how the universe first came into existence3.whether he likes it or not4makes it a habit to get up5.now that you have got a chance.完形填空it was a beautiful, sunny day. i had just finished _1_ my daughter to the airport to catch an early morning flight. my sons and i _2_ went to a fastfood place for _3_ before heading back home. after eating, we all got into the car and pulled out of the _4_. the restaurant was at the very top of a hill. at the bottom of the hill was a _5_ sign, so we found ourselves at the end of a _6_ line of traffic waiting while the cars at the bottom turned onto the _7_ road one at a time. as i looked down to the bottom of the hill, my eyes saw an elderly man standing _8_ the stop sign. his clothes were _9_ and shabby(破旧的). he held a cardboard sign with the words “_10_ help please！” written on it. my heart went out to him and i _11_ myself in his situation. as car after car turned onto the main road without _12_ for him, i reached for my wallet to look for whatever _13_ was left in it. as i was pulling it out of my wallet, _14_， i saw a young girl walk up to him along the side of the road. she was carrying a bag full of _15_ taken out from the restaurant i was just at. i watched as the old man _16_ the young girl and smiled as she reached out her arms to give him a hug.suddenly a _17_ honk(汽车喇叭声) from the car behind me made me realize that i hadnt been _18_ forward because this simple choice for _19_ had attracted my attention and my heart. by the time i reached the _20_ of the hill, both the man and the lady who had helped him were gone. yet, as i drove home, the sun seemed to shine even brighter and heaven felt a bit closer to earth.语篇解读：作者在一次开车外出时遇到了堵车，在等待时，作者看到一位衣衫褴褛的老人正在向人求助。其他司机纷纷开过，没有人理会这位老人。但是，一位年轻的姑娘送给了老人一些食物并给了他一个拥抱，作者被这一幕感动了。1a.forcingbdrivingccheatingdasking解析根据该空后的“.to catch an early morning flight.”可知，作者应该是“开车”送自己的女儿去赶早班飞机。答案b2a.thenbstillcthusdfirst解析根据“. before heading back home.”可知，作者和儿子们送女儿到了机场后，在回家之前先去了一家快餐店。此处表示时间的先后关系，故用then。答案a3a.coffee bteacbreakfastdlunch解析根据作者开车送女儿赶早班飞机，然后来到一家快餐店可知，他们应该是去吃“早饭”。答案c4a.living roombparking lotcgardendyard解析他们吃完早饭后把车从餐馆的“停车场”开了出来。答案b5a.restbturningcstopdslowing解析在山脚下有一个“停车”标志，即让车停下，再一辆辆地开到主路上。下文的stop sign是提示。答案c6a.quietbsingleclongdstrange解析根据“one at a time”可知，一次只能有一辆车开上主路，所以应该是排了很长的队。答案c7a.oppositebmain cdownwarddslim解析作者吃饭的餐馆是在山顶上。沿着山路下山，应该是到达“主路”。下文的main road是提示。答案b8a.on bwithcoverdby解析作者看到山脚下有一位衣衫褴褛的老人站在停车牌旁，故此处用by。答案d9a.loosebformalcold dclean解析根据“_10_ help please！”以及该空后的shabby可知，他的衣服应该是又旧又破。old and shabby“又旧又破”。答案c10a.offerbcallcneeddrefuse解析根据上一句“his clothes were _9_ and shabby(破旧的)”可知，老人很贫穷，在向别人寻求帮助，因此他举的牌子上写的应该是“需要帮助！”。答案c11a.hidbremindedcregretteddimagined解析根据此空前的“my heart went out to him.”可知，看到老人的情形，作者不由自主地“想象”如果自己处在老人的境地会怎样。答案d12a.stoppingbbeggingcreachingdpraying解析车一辆辆地经过，却没有人停下来去帮助这位老人，故此处用stopping。答案a13a.cardbnumberccashdinformation解析根据空前的“. i reached for my wallet.”可知，作者伸手去拿自己的钱包，看看有没有“钱”可以给老人。答案c14a.thereforebinsteadcanyway dhowever解析当作者把钱拿出来时，作者看到一位年轻的姑娘已经上前去帮助老人了。前后是转折关系，故选择however。答案d15a.foodbmoneychopedpaper解析根据空后的“from the restaurant”可知，这位姑娘从餐馆带来了一些“食物”。答案a16a.rewardedbadmittedcthankeddpaid解析这位姑娘给老人带来了食物，老人应该会“感谢”这位姑娘。答案c17a.softbshort clouddgentle解析因为作者沉浸在姑娘帮助老人的这一幕里，忘记了行进，所以后面车里的人大声按喇叭，故用loud。答案c18a.jumpingbpushingcwanderingdmoving解析喇叭声使作者意识到自己忘了开车往前移动，故用moving。答案d19a.couragebtrust ckindnessdsuccess解析根据上文年轻姑娘帮助老人可知，这是个善举，所以用kindness。答案c20a.backbtopcmiddle dbottom解析根据上文多次提到的bottom可知，此处是说当作者开车到达山脚时，老人和姑娘都已经不见了。答案d.阅读理解edmund halley was an english scientist who lived over 200 years ago. he studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made. the orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical(数学上的) problem. he could not figure it out. neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.however, halley had a friend named newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. he told halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆)now halley set to work. he figured out(解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. he made a surprising discovery. the comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.this seemed very strange to halley. the different comets followed the same orbit. the more halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. he decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. the comet had gone away and had come back again.it was an astonishing idea! halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what comet would happen in the future. he decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. there were 53 years to go before halleys prediction could be tested. in 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. halley did not see it, for he has died some years before. ever since then that comet has been called halleys comet, in his honor.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了200多年前英国科学家哈雷以及他的发现。1halley made his discovery _.aby doing experimentsbby means of his own careful observationcby using the work of other scientistsdby chance解析考查细节理解。由文中第三段“he figured out(解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists.”可知应选c。答案c2halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year _.a1704b1705c1706d1707解析考查数学计算。由最后一段中的“he decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. there were 53 years to go before halleys prediction could be tested.”可知，他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。答案b3this passage in general is about _.ahalley and other scientistsbthe orbit of a cometcnewton and halleydhalley and his discovery解析考查主旨大意。本文主要介绍了哈雷以及他的发现。答案d4which of the following is true?aedmund halley was an american scientist.bhalley made his discovery by doing experiments.cnewton was a famous mathematician.dthe orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.解析考查细节理解。从文章首句可以看出a项错误；从第三段的分析中可知b项也错误；由第二段可知，牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除d项。答案c.语法填空gift exchangeseth is a tenyearold boy who 1._(love) geology and biology, especially rocks. he attends a private school and i have the pleasure of working with him after school 2._(two) a month to help him become less 3._(anxiety) focused on his illness.last month seth shared with me his idea of 4._(bring) “gifts from our heart” to our therapy(治疗) session. we then exchanged our heart gifts, and talked about why we shared what we did.today he brought me a heartshaped stone 5._ his personal rock pile. i brought 6._ clean paper bag and we collected small plants for seth to plant later this week.i 7._(inspire) to share this idea, as seth and i discussed it earlier today at our speech ther