状语及状语从句(语法加练习完整讲解) 教育学习

TheAdverbial状语,1,一类参考,一、什么是状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。1.状语修饰动词Silentlyshewentaway.她悄悄地走开了。2.状语修饰句子Sadly,hewillnotbethere.令人伤心的是，他将不会在那里了。,2,一类参考,3.状语修饰副词或形容词：1）very,extremely,pretty,badly,any,much,可作为状语修饰形容词或副词。Theytravelveryfast.它们行进速度非常快。Icantrunanyfaster.我不能跑得更快了。2）有些短语如abitmore,agreatdeal,moreorless,somuch也可修饰副词和形容词。Shesfeelingsomuchbettertoday.她今天身体好多了。3）this和that也可以作状语去修饰形容词和副词DoIlookthatstupid?我看起来有那么傻吗？Ididntthinkwedgetthisfar.我没想到我们会走这么远。,3,一类参考,二、什么可以作状语？1副词（短语）：Sayagain再说一遍。Suddenlyitbegantorain天突然下雨了。2.形容词（短语）Muchinterested,heagreedtogiveitatry.他很感兴趣，同意试一试。3介词短语：Pleasecomehereintheevening请晚上来这儿。Hewrotewitharedpencil他用红铅笔写的。,4,一类参考,4动词不定式（或不定式短语）：Hewenttoseeafilm他看电影去了。Myfatherwassurprisedtohearthenews我父亲听到这个消息，感到惊奇。5分词（短语）：Hesattherereadinganovel他坐在那儿看小说。Thestudentswentawaylaughing学生们笑着走开了。,5,一类参考,6名词（短语）：Waitamoment等一会儿。Itcangoalldayandallnight它能整日整夜地走。7状语从句：IllwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere我一到那儿就给你写信。Hedidntcomebecausehehadtostayathometofinishhishomework他没来，因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业。,6,一类参考,三、状语的分类：状语按用途可分为：地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等几类。1地点状语：Thestudentsaredoingtheirhomeworkintheclassroom学生们正在教室里做作业。,7,一类参考,2时间状语：IlearnedalotfromthepeasantswhenIlivedinthecountryside我在农村生活时，向农民学到很多东西。3目的状语：Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveontime他们早点动身，以便准时到达。,8,一类参考,4原因状语：Shewillnotgohomebecauseshehastoattendameeting因为要开会，所以她不能回家了。5结果状语：LiMingstudiedsohardthathecaughtupwiththeothersveryquickly李明学习如此努力，结果很快赶上了其他人。,9,一类参考,6程度状语：Inearlyforgotwhathehadpromised我几乎忘记了他答应的事。7方式状语：Hecamesinginganddancing他唱着跳着走过来。,10,一类参考,8条件状语：IfyouworkhardatEnglish，youwilldowellinEnglish如果你努力学习英语，你的英语成绩就会好。9让步状语：Hewenttoschoolyesterdaythoughhewasill昨天他尽管有病，仍上学去了。10比较状语：LessonTwoisnotsodifficultasLessonOne第二课不像第一课那样难。,11,一类参考,四、状语的位置：一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活，它可以处于句首、句中或句末。Immediatelyhereplied.Heimmediatelyreplied.Herepliedimmediately.,12,一类参考,1状语位于句首：为了强调状语或者为了使它与上下文紧密衔接，通常把状语放于句首。TomorrowIamgoingswimming明天我要去游泳。Hereinthecinemahouse，smokingisnotallowed在电影院这里不准吸烟的。,13,一类参考,2状语位于句中：状语在句中的位置是：(1)如果没有助动词，状语就位于动词前面。Ioftengotoseeafilm我经常看电影。(2)如果动词前有一个或几个助动词，状语位于第一个助动词之后。Hehasalreadyhadhislunch他已吃过午饭了。(3)如果动词是be，状语就放在be动词之后。Heisalwaysathome.他总是在家。,14,一类参考,3.状语位于句末，这是状语的通常位置。Wegetupatsixinthemorning.我们早晨六点起床。,15,一类参考,五、句中多个状语同时出现，位置如何？1.多个地点状语同时出现在句末，较小的地点状语放在较大的地点状语前面，单词放在短语前面，次要地点放在重要地点前面。Weshouldsitinthefrontrowintheclassroom.我们应该坐在教室的前排。WeliveinRoom204inthesciencebuilding.我们住在科学楼204楼。,16,一类参考,2.地点和时间状语同时出现在一个句子中：（1）地点状语放在时间状语前面。HewasborninBeijingin1979.他1979年出生于北京。（2）较短的状语放在较长的状语前面。OurplanewillarriveateightoclockthiseveningattheInternationalAirportintheeasternsuburbsofBeijing.我们的飞机将于今晚八点到达北京东郊国际机场。,17,一类参考,3.如果句子中状语有单词、短语和从句，它们的位置排列应是：单词在前面，短语在中间，从句在后边。IhopetostayhereforalongtimeifIamallowedtodoso.如果我得到允许的话，我希望在这里呆一段时间。4.如果句子中同时出现几种状语形式，它们的位置排列是：方式状语+地点状语+时间状语Marystudiedwellhereyesterday.玛丽昨天在这里学得很好。,18,一类参考,5.如果句末状语太多，可调一个（不得超过一个）到句首。如果有时间状语，通常将时间状语放于句首。YesterdaymorningWangLinwasdrawingahorsecarefullywithabrushonapieceofpaperinourclassroom.昨天上午王琳在我们教室里用笔细心地在一张纸上画马。,19,一类参考,TheAdverbialClauses状语从句,20,一类参考,九种状从,时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句,21,一类参考,时间状语从句,when,while,as,before,after,since,bythetime,till,until,notuntil,everytime,eachtime,thefirst/second/lasttime,once,themoment,theminute,theinstant,assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,hardly/scarcelywhen/before,nosoonerthan(刚/一就),Iwilldiscussthiswithyouwhenwemeet.我们见面时再与你讨论这件事。Comeandseemewheneveryouwantto.任何时候想来就来看看我。,22,一类参考,地点状语从句,where,wherever,Sitwhereveryoulike.想坐哪里就坐哪里。Youhavetherighttolivewhereyouwant.你有权住在你想住的地方。,23,一类参考,原因状语从句,because,since,as,for,nowthat(既然),inthat(因为)notthat.butthat.(不是因为.而是因为),Astheweatherwasfine,wedecidedtoclimbthemountain.因为天气很好，我们决定爬山。Sinceheisbusy,Iwonttroublehim.既然他很忙，我就不打扰他了。Hefeltabitworried,notthathisstudentswerenotworkinghard,butthattheycaredlittlefortheirhealth.他有些担心，不是因为他的学生不努力学习，而是因为他们不太注意身体健康。,24,一类参考,条件状语从句,if（如果）,unless（除非）,suppose（supposing）（假设），provided/providing（that）（假若），as(so)longas（只要）,oncondition（that）（如果）,Ifyouwanttosucceed,youdbetterworkhard.如果你想成功，最好努力工作。Illcomeunlessitrains.除非下雨，否则我一定来。Youcanborrowthebookaslongasyoupromisetokeepitclean.只要你保证不弄脏，你就可以借书。,25,一类参考,让步状语从句,although,though,as,eventhough/evenif,while(虽然）,whichever,wherever,whatever,whoever,whenever,however,whetheror；nomatter+which/what/when/where/who/how,Althoughheispoor,heishonest.他虽然穷，但是诚实。Whateveryousaysheneverlistens.不管你说什么，她都不听。,26,一类参考,结果状语从句,sothat,suchthat,Theproblemissodifficultthatitwilltakeustimetoworkitout.这道题如此难以至于我们要用很多时间才能解决。Sheissuchakindgirlthateveryonelikesher.她非常善良，以至于每个人都喜欢她。,27,一类参考,目的状语从句,sothat（为了，以便）,inorderthat（为了，以便）,incase(以防),lest（以免，以防）,Letstakethefrontseatssothatwecanseemoreclearly.我们坐前排吧，这样可以看得清楚一些。Wemusthurryofflestweshouldmissthebus.我们得赶快走了，以免赶不上汽车。,28,一类参考,方式状语从句,as（像，如同）,asif/asthough（似乎）,Statethefactsastheyare.如实地陈述事实。Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.看起来好像要下雨了。Sheclosedhereyesasthoughshewassleeping.她闭上眼睛似乎在睡觉。,29,一类参考,比较状语从句,than,asas,notso/asas,the+比较级,the+比较级,Heworksasfastasaskilledworkerdoes.他干得像熟练工人一样快。Thesooneryoureachthetarget,thehigherscoreyouhave.你愈快触到目标，得的分愈高。Theworkwasfinishedearlierthanweexpected.工作完成得比我们预计的要早。,30,一类参考,1状语从句连词的含义及用法比较；2、nomatterwh-与wh-ever引导的从句的区别；3、状语从句的时态问题；4、状语从句倒装及省略问题；5、状语从句与其它从句区别。,考点与难点归纳,31,一类参考,一时间状语从句问题1:1.Wewereswimminginthelake_suddenlythestormstarted.A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before2.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret_someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when3.Hetransplantedthelittletreetothegarden_itwasthebesttimeforit.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.until4.DidJackcomebackearlylastnight?Yes.Itwasnotyeteightoclock_hearrivedhome.A.BeforeB.whenC.thatD.until5.Hewasabouthalfwaythroughhismeal_afamiliarvoicecametohisears.A.whyB.whereC.whenD.while,A,D,B,B,C,32,一类参考,连接词when的用法小结when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。如：Whenthefilmended,theywentback.WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.2.When常用于下列句式：意为“就在那时”。如：wasdoingsomethingwhenwasabouttodowhenwasonthepointofdoingsth.whenhaddonewhen3.when可以表“既然”，如：HowcanIhelpthemtounderstandwhentheywontlistentome?,注意同一个从属连词的多义性：,33,一类参考,问题2:6.ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,_thequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.A.sinceB.whenC.asD.while7._Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless8._itistruethatastudentsmostimportantgoalistodowellinhisorherstudies,itdoesntneedtobetheonlygoal.AwhenBAsCWhileDBefore25.Marymadecoffeeherguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.(全国)A.sothatB.althoughC.whileD.asif,D,A,C,C,34,一类参考,1.while可用来引导时间状语，意为“当的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续性的，如：Pleasedonttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。JanewasdressedinbrownwhileMarywasdressedinblue.3.while也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于althoughWhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idontagreethattheycantbesolved.4趁的情况赶紧做,否则来不及了Strikewhiletheironishot.,连接词while的用法小结,35,一类参考,1.as可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边”；随着如：Shesangasshewalkedhomealltheway.(一边一边）Shewasdoingherhomeworkasshewaslisteningtothemusic.Asshegrewolder,shebecamemorebeautiful.（随着）Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.2.as也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为”；如：Assheisfreetoday,shewouldliketodosomeshopping.（因为）3.as还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为“尽管”。如：Tiredashewas,herefusedtotakearest.（尽管）Hardasheworked,hecantworkouttheproblem.Childasheis,heknowsalot.,连接词as的用法小结,36,一类参考,连接词when,while,as的用法区别：when,while,as这三个连词都可表示“当的时候”，使用时应注意：1)when可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：Whenhecamein,wewerehavingsupper.Whenwewerehavingsupper,thelightsuddenlywentout.2)while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如：When/Whilehewaseatinghisbreakfast,heheardthedoorbellring.WhilehewaswatchingTV,theboyfellasleep.3)as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示“随着”，。Shesangasshewalkedalong.Astheelectionapproached,theviolence（暴行）gotworse.,37,一类参考,问题3:1.DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?Yes.Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.although2.Ithoughtherniceandhonest_Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime3._enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.Hardlyhehad,B,C,C,38,一类参考,小结：1一些词，如themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,nosoonerthan等也可引导时间状语从句，相当于assoonas的意思。Icameimmediatelyyoucalledmeup.2一些含有time的名词短语，如thefirst/second/lasttime,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,bythetime等，也可引导时间状语从句。ThefirsttimeIdrovethecar,Ifeltverynervous.Nexttimeyoucome,pleasebringyourcomputer.3.如果hardly或nosooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须倒装。Hardly/scarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.,39,一类参考,问题4:1.Washisfatherverystrictwithhimwhenhewasatschool?Yes.Hehadneverpraisedhim_hebecameoneofthetopstudentsinhisgrade.A.afterB.unlessC.untilD.when2.Agoodstorytellermustbeabletoholdlistenerscuriosity_hereachestheendofthestory.A.whenB.unlessC.afterD.until3.Itwasnot_shetookoffherdarkglasses_Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then,C,D,B,40,一类参考,小结：till,until和notuntil：1.until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动作，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：Wewaiteduntil/tillhecame.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：Hewontgotobeduntilherfatherreturns.3till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.,41,一类参考,问题5:1.Hemadeamistake,butthenhecorrectedthesituation_itgotworse.A.untilB.whenC.beforeD.as2.Scientistssayitmaybefiveorsixyears_itispossibletotestthismedicineonhumanpatients.A.sinceB.afterC.beforeD.when3.Whydidntyoutellhimaboutthemeeting?Herushedoutoftheroom_Icouldsayaword.A.beforeB.untilC.whenD.after4.Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.because,C,C,A,B,42,一类参考,连接词before的小结：一、含义1Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawtheland.2Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.3Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.4HerushedoutoftheroombeforeIcouldsayaword,.,“过了才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,43,一类参考,二1）Itwillbe一段时间before“还要过多久才”Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）Itwas+时间段+before从句“过了多久才”（已发生）Itwasthreeweeksbeforehecameback3）Itwillnotbelongbefore“过不了多久就会”Itwontbelongbeforeshecomesback4）Itwasnotlongbefore“过不多久就了”如：Itwasntlongbeforeherealizedhismistake.5）Itis/hasbeen时间since如：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceshewasinthearmy.Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.,注意时态,44,一类参考,1.Afterthewar，anewschoolbuildingwasputup_therehadoncebeenatheatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when2.-DontlookdownuponBob.Hehashisownadvantages.-Oh,yes._othersareweak,heisstrong.A.IfB.WhenC.WhereD.Though3.-Thethreadofmykitebrokeanditflewaway.-Ihadtoldyouitwouldeasilybreak_itwastheweakestA.whenB.whereC.unlessD.since,45,一类参考,二、地点状语从句,地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where，whereverWhere-在地方，Wherever-无论哪里1.Putthemedicinewhereyoucaneasilygetit.2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.3.Hefollowsherwherevershegoes.4.Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.,46,一类参考,三、条件状语从句问题1：1、Itisknowntoallthat_youexerciseregularly,youwontkeepgoodhealth.A.unlessB.wheneverC.althoughD.if2.Youwillbelate_youleaveimmediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or3.Thelittleboywontgotosleephismothertellshimastory.A.orB.unlessC.butD.whether,A,A,B,unless相当于ifnot，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。,47,一类参考,问题2：1、_Icansee,thereisonlyonepossiblewaytokeepawayfromthedanger.A.BecauseB.AsfarasD.Evenif2、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctors_Ihavetowait.AincaseBsothatCinorderDasif,B,A,aslongas与asfaras都可引导条件状语从句，aslongas表示“只要”，asfaras表示“就而言”。题1根据题意应该选用B。incase表示“以防”。,48,一类参考,四、让步状语从句问题1：1、_Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.Unless2、Allowchildrenthespacetovoicetheiropinions,_theyaredifferentfromyourown.A.untilB.evenifC.unlessD.asthough,A,B,while既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。evenif等于eventhough，表示“即使、尽管”。asthough等于asif，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。,49,一类参考,问题2：1、Hetriedhisbesttosolvetheproblem,_difficultitwas.A.howeverB.nomatterC.whateverDalthough2、Theoldtowermustbesaved,_thecostis.AhoweverBwhateverCwhicheverDwherever3.EnglishandFrencharetaughthere.Youcanchoose_youlike.A.nomatterwhichB.whicheverC.whichD.whatever,A,B,nomatterwh-与wh-ever的联系及区别：nomatterwh-只引导让步状语从句，此时与wh-ever通用。Nomatterwhen/Wheneverhecomesback,heshouldbeinvitedtotheparty.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，Nomatterwh-不能。如：Whoevercanhelpuswillbewelcome.,B,50,一类参考,五、结果状语从句sothat,suchthat1)ItissogoodastorythatIllneverforgetit.ItissuchagoodstorythatIllneverforgetit.2)such+a+adj+名词+thatclausesuch+（adj）+名词复数3)so+adj./adv.+thatclause4)so+many/few+复数名词+thatclausemuch/little+不可数名词,51,一类参考,六、原因状语从句,1)because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来回答why的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：Hedidntcometoschoolyesterdaybecausehewasill.2)since常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要弱，一般译成“既然”。如：Sinceyouarehere,whynotstayforafewmoredays?3)as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于”。如：Asitsgettingdarker,wemustgohomenow.4)for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.,52,一类参考,例.Thedaymustbebreaking,_thebirdshavebegunsinging.A.becauseB.asC.forD.since,句意为：天破晓了，因为鸟儿开始歌唱。for表附加推断的理由。不是必然的因果关系,而是一种推断。,53,一类参考,七、目的状语从句,.Ihurried_Iwouldntbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unlessYoumustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat(lest)heshouldforgetit.Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.,54,一类参考,八、比较状语从句,（asas,notas(so)as,more/-erthan,lessthan1)Hedoesntworksohardasyoudo.2)ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB.3)Themoreyouworry,thelessyoullsucceed.4)Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal.26.Ihaveseldomseenmymother_pleasedwithmyprogressassheisnow.A.soB.veryC.tooD.rather,55,一类参考,状语从句的时态问题问题1：1、Thehousecouldfalldownsoonifnoone_somequickrepairwork.AhasdoneBisdoingCdoesDhaddone2、Itisalmostfiveyears_wesaweachotherlasttime.A.beforeB.sinceC.afterD.when,在条件，时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。在since引导的时间状语从句中，动词一般都用一般过去时，而主句常用现在完成时。,C,B,56,一类参考,状语从句的倒装问题问题1：1、Sodifficult_ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel2、Notuntilallthefishdiedintheriver_howseriousthepollutionwas.A.didthevillagersrealizeB.thevillagersrealizedC.thevillagersdidrealizeD.didntthevillagersrealize,D,A,57,一类参考,状语从句的倒装一般有下面几种情况：否定词开头；notuntilso加adj.开头；as/though引导的让步状语从句。特别注意：HardlywhenNosoonerthanChildasheis,Hardlyhadhegottothestationwhenthetrainleft.Nosoonerhadhegottothestationthanthetrainleft.Childasheis,hecanspeaksevenforeignlanguages.,58,一类参考,WhilewatchingTV,_.AthedoorbellrangBthedoorbellringsCweheardthedoorbellringDweheardthedoorbellrings,C,状语从句省略问题,59,一类参考,1：如果主从句主语一致，从句中又有“be”时，省略主语和be。Whilestillastudent,sheplayedmanyroles.Whentoldthesecret,hewassurprised.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnightIf(youare)asked,youmaycomein.2：从句中可省略it+是。Youcanturntomeforhelpifnecessary.If(itis)necessary/possible.Illexplainittoyouagain.,状语从句省略问题,6