主谓一致课件

.,1,主谓一致主谓一致是指谓语动词在形式上与句子主语保持一致。即谓语在人称和数上须和主语保持一致。一致原则有：形式一致：与主语在形式上取得一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数。主语为复数，谓语用复数。意义一致：与主语在意义上保持一致。主语虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语用复数。主语虽为复数，但意义为单数，谓语用单数。1）Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives.2）Threeyearsinastrangelandseemslikeacountry.就近一致：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于邻近的词的形式。,.,2,I.形式一致1.单数名词、代词，不可数名词,单个的动词不定式，动名词短语或从句作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。但由and连接的两个并列结构，谓语动词用复数。Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.Smoking_harmtoyourhealth.Failure_themotherofsuccess.Whathesaid_quiteright.ThequestionsraisedbyTom_veryimportant.Toworkhardandtorealizemywish_myaims.WhatIsawandwhatIheard_thesame.,.,3,2.用and，both.and连接的并列主语,谓语动词多用复数。但如果并列的名词指的是同一个人、同一事物或表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。（这时and后接名词前无冠词）1）Togotobedearlyandtogetupearly_agoodhabit.2）Bothbreadandbutter_soldintheshop.3）Breadandbutter_servedforbreakfastinthishotel.4）Acartandhorse_seeninthedistance.5）Thegirlsteacherandfriend_ayounglady.6）Thepoetandwriter_arrived.Thepoetandthewriter_arrived.,is,are,is,was,is,has,have,.,4,7）Whathesaysandwhathedoes_notagree.8）Whatcausedthefireandhowmuchtheloss_stillunknown.3.由and连接的两个单数主语前分别有every,each,manya,no修饰时，谓语用单数。即everyandevery,eachandeach,noandno及manyaandmanya.Everyboyandeverygirl_totheparty.(invite)Eachboyandeachgirl_gotaseat.(have)Noteacherandnostudent_admitted.Manyadeskandmanyabench_outofthehall.(take)Manyaman_itbefore.(see),do,were,.,5,4.在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数与其后的主语一致。在therebe句型中,如果有多个名词，谓语动词应与第一个名词保持一致。Southofthetown_acity.Onthewall_severalpictures.There_anappleandthreeorangesontheplate.(be)There_tobefourgunmenwatchingonthetemple.(seem)Now_yourturn.Such_hiswords.,.,6,5.主语后面跟有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,nolessthan，morethan，ratherthan，like,besides,except,but,including,inadditionto等引起的短语，谓语动词采取承前原则。Tom,togetherwithhisparents,_gone.Nooneexceptmyparents_aboutit.Thevisitorsaswellastheguide_rescued.John,ratherthanhisclassmates,_tomeetyou.Allbutme_toblame.,.,7,6.不定代词either,neither,each,one,theother,another以及由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数。Eachofus_somethingtosay.Something_wrongwiththephone.Someone_usingthetelephone.Everythingaroundus_matter,_?但none/neither/eitherof作主语时，后接不可数名词用单数的谓语动词；后接可数名词时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数。Noneoftheinformation_usefultome.Noneofthebooks_easyenoughforus.Noneofus_acamera.,.,8,7定语从句中的谓语动词与其先行词保持一致。I,who_yourfriend,willhelpyou.但oneof+the+n(pl)+定语从句,从句中谓语用复数,而.the(only)oneof+the+n(pl)+定语从句,从句中谓语用单数Tomisoneofthestudentswho_passedtheexam.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_passedtheexam.OneofthebooksIborrowed_stolen.,.,9,8It+be+被强调部分+that/who结构中，be用单数，如被强调的部分是主语，that/who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称和数一致。ItisIwho_goingabroadforfurtherstudy.(be)Itistheythat/who_chattingontheInternet.(enjoy),.,10,9.morethan+n.谓语动词取决于后面名词的数.morethan+数词+n(pl)作主语时,谓语用复数.morethan+one+n(单数)作主语时,谓语单复数均可,但多用单数。.Morethan200people_seenthefilm.(have)Morethanoneperson_madethesuggestion.(have)more+n(pl)thanone作主语时,谓语动词多用复数.Moremembersthanone_againstyourplan.,.,11,II.意义上的一致:1有些名词只有复数形式,如：glasses,scales(天平),scissors(剪刀),trousers,spectacles(眼镜),clothes,goods,socks,shorts,pliers(钳子),compasses(圆规),chopsticks等等作主语时,谓语用复数。但如有成双成对的名词apairof,thispairof,akindof时,谓语用单数.Pair等用复数，谓语复数.Theglasses_tome.(belong)Thispairoftrousers_mine.Thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind,作主语，谓语用单数；thiskindofmen,menofthiskind和thesekind(s)ofmen三者意义相同，但后两者作主语时，谓语用复数。Thiskindofmen_dangerous.Menofthiskind_hardtogetonwith.,.,12,2有些名词形式上是复数,意义上是单数,作主语谓语动词用单数.这些名词有:news,works,means,physics,mathematics,economics(以ics结尾的学科名词).Physicsseemstobedifficulttome.(1)单复数相同的词,作主语时谓语动词单复依定语而定.如:means,works,deer,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss等。1)Allmeanshavebeentried.2)Everymeanshasbeentried,butwithoutmuchresult.works作“工厂”解时，谓语动词用单数，作“著作”解时，谓语动词用复数。Theglassworkswassetupin1959.ChairmanMaosworkshavebeenpublished.politics作“政治学科”解,谓语用单数，作“政治见解”解,谓语用复数.MayIaskwhatyourpoliticsare？,.,13,3集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。如：people,police,cattle，youth等。但people表示“一个民族”解时，谓语用单数；表示“多个民族”时.谓语用复数。Thecattle_eatinggrassinthefields.Thepolice_searchingthetownforthemurderer.Ouryouth_allloyaltoourmotherland.TheChinesepeople_abraveandhard-workingone.,.,14,4表示书刊、剧名、报纸名、国家、城市、组织、人名等的名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。“TheArabianNights”_averyinterestingbook.TheSelectedPoemsofLiBai_publishedlongago.TheUnitedStated_adevelopedcountry.TheTimes_onceaweek.(appear),.,15,5有些集合名词如family,group,team,crowd,audience,class,crew，club，government，nation,public，enemy，company，committee,population等作主语时，若作为一个整体，谓语用单数，若考虑其成员，谓语用复数。Myfamily_ahappyone.Myfamily_havingbreakfastthen.Ourfootballteam