高级路由OSPF协议详解（课堂PPT）

OSPF路由协议,OSPF路由综述,OSPF协议概述数据包类型网络类型邻居关系状态链路状态通告（LSA）类型路由器类型区域类型；单区域，多区域，Stub，NSSAOSPF和RIP重分布,2,OSPF是链路状态路由协议,可适应大规模网络路由变化收敛速度快无路由自环支持VLSM支持等值路由支持区域划分提供路由分级管理支持验证支持以组播地址发送协议报文,3,OSPF分层的路由,由区域和自治系统组成路由更新流量很少,4,ShortestPathFirst算法,将路由器放在树根，基于累加的值计算到达每个网络的最短路径。Cost=108/bandwidth(bps),5,选择路由,TopologyTableNetCostOutInterface10.2.2.06To010.3.3.07To010.3.3.010E0,Cost=10,Cost=6,Cost=1,A,B,C,Thisisthebestrouteto10.3.3.0.,10.1.1.0/24,10.2.2.0/24,10.3.3.0/24,10.4.4.0/24,6,OSPF数据包类型,7,OSPF包头,8,OSPF数据包在hello头标中载有的信息,9,邻居关系,Hello,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,RouterIDHello/deadintervalsNeighborsArea-IDRouterpriorityDRIPaddressBDRIPaddressAuthenticationpasswordStubareaflag,*,*,*,*,*Entrymustmatchonneighboringrouters,10,邻居关系(cont.),Hello,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,RouterIDHello/deadintervalsNeighborsArea-IDRouterpriorityDRIPaddressBDRIPaddressAuthenticationpasswordStubareaflag,*,*,*,*,*Entrymustmatchonneighboringrouters,11,OSPF网络类型,12,Point-to-PointNeighborship,RouterdynamicallydetectsitsneighboringrouterusingtheHelloprotocolNoelection（选举）:AdjacencyisautomaticassoonasthetworouterscancommunicateOSPFpacketsarealwayssentasmulticast224.0.0.5,13,NBMATopology,X.25FrameRelayATM,Singleinterfaceinterconnects(相互连接)multiplesitesNBMAtopologiessupportmultipleroutersbutwithoutbroadcastingcapabilities（能力）,14,FrameRelayTopologies,Star(HubandSpoke),FullMesh,PartialMesh,15,DRSelectioninNBMATopology,OSPFconsiders（认为）NBMAtobelikeotherbroadcastmediaDRandBDRneedtohavefullphysicalconnectivity（连通性）withallotherroutersDRandBDRneedalistofneighbors,16,Subinterfaces,TypicallyusedinNBMAtopologiesAphysicalinterfacecanbesplitintomultiplelogicalinterfaces,calledsubinterfacesCanbepoint-to-pointormultipoint,17,NBMAModeNeighborship,Usuallyafully-meshednetworkDR/BDRelectedNeighborsmustbestaticallyconfiguredOneIPsubnetStabilityofthenetworkmaybeanissueReplicate（复制）LSApacketsRFC2328compliant,18,Point-to-MultipointModeNeighborship,Fully-meshedorpartially-meshedtopologyNoDR/BDRelectionNeighborsdonotneedtobestaticallyconfiguredOneIPsubnetReplicateLSApacketsRFC2328compliant,19,NBMA拓扑上的OSPF小结,RFCorCisco,首选网络结构,子网地址,邻居关系,NBMA,OSPF模式,Cisco,Cisco,RFC,Point-to-point,Fullymeshed,Partialmeshorstar,usingsubinterface,Same,Same,Differentforeachsubint.,Same,手工配置DR/BDRelected,自动配置NoDR/BDR,Same,RFC,Cisco,Broadcast,自动配置DR/BDRelected,Point-to-multipoint,Partialmeshorstar,自动配置NoDR/BDR,Point-to-multipointnonbroadcast,手工配置NoDR/BDR,Partialmeshorstar,Fullymeshed,20,Debugipcostadj,Point-to-pointinterfacescomingup:Noelection%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceSerial1,changedstatetoupOSPF:InterfaceSerial1goingUpOSPF:Rcvhellofrom192.168.0.11area0fromSerial110.1.1.2OSPF:EndofhelloprocessingOSPF:BuildrouterLSAforarea0,routerID192.168.0.10OSPF:RcvDBDfrom192.168.0.11onSerial1seq0 x20C4opt0 x2flag0 x7len32stateINITOSPF:2WayCommunicationto192.168.0.11onSerial1,state2WAYOSPF:SendDBDto192.168.0.11onSerial1seq0 x167Fopt0 x2flag0 x7len32OSPF:NBRNegotiationDone.WearetheSLAVEOSPF:SendDBDto192.168.0.11onSerial1seq0 x20C4opt0 x2flag0 x2len72Ethernetinterfacecomingup:ElectionOSPF:2WayCommunicationto192.168.0.10onEthernet0,state2WAYOSPF:endofWaitoninterfaceEthernet0OSPF:DR/BDRelectiononEthernet0OSPF:ElectBDR192.168.0.12OSPF:ElectDR192.168.0.12DR:192.168.0.12(Id)BDR:192.168.0.12(Id)OSPF:SendDBDto192.168.0.12onEthernet0seq0 x546opt0 x2flag0 x7len32OSPF:DR/BDRelectiononEthernet0OSPF:ElectBDR192.168.0.11OSPF:ElectDR192.168.0.12DR:192.168.0.12(Id)BDR:192.168.0.11(Id),21,DRandBDR,DR,BDR,HelloselectDRandBDRtorepresentsegmentEachrouterthenformsadjacencywithDRandBDR,22,HellopacketsexchangedviaIPmulticastElectingDRandBDR1.highestOSPFpriority2.highestRouterID,P=1,P=0,P=1,ElectingtheDRandBDR,P=3,P=2,DR,BDR,23,OSPF状态,DOWNINIT（初始）TWO-WAY（双向）EXSTART（准启动）EXCHANGE（交换）LOADING（加载）FULLadjacency（全毗邻）,24,邻居关系建立状态,172.16.5.1/24E0,172.16.5.2/24E1,A,B,DownState,25,邻居关系建立状态(续.),172.16.5.1/24E0,172.16.5.2/24E1,RouterBNeighborsList172.16.5.1/24,intE1,IamrouterID172.16.5.1andIseenoone.,DownState,InitState,A,B,26,邻居关系建立状态(续.),172.16.5.1/24E0,IamrouterID172.16.5.2,andIsee172.16.5.1.,172.16.5.2/24E1,RouterBNeighborsList172.16.5.1/24,intE1,IamrouterID172.16.5.1andIseenoone.,DownState,InitState,A,B,27,邻居关系建立状态(续.),172.16.5.1/24E0,IamrouterID172.16.5.2,andIsee172.16.5.1.,RouterANeighborsList172.16.5.2/24,intE0,172.16.5.2/24E1,RouterBNeighborsList172.16.5.1/24,intE1,IamrouterID172.16.5.1andIseenoone.,DownState,InitState,Two-WayState,A,B,28,邻居关系建立状态(续.),E0172.16.5.1,DR,E0172.16.5.3,No,IwillstartexchangebecauseIhaveahigherrouterID.,IwillstartexchangebecauseIhaverouterID172.16.5.1.,Hello,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,Hello,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,ExstartState,29,邻居关系建立状态(续.)发现路由,Hereisasummaryofmylink-statedatabase.,DBD,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,ExchangeState,Hereisasummaryofmylink-statedatabase.,E0172.16.5.1,DR,E0172.16.5.3,No,IwillstartexchangebecauseIhaveahigherrouterID.,IwillstartexchangebecauseIhaverouterID172.16.5.1.,Hello,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,Hello,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,ExstartState,30,邻居关系建立状态(续.)发现路由,E0172.16.5.1,E0172.16.5.3,Thanksfortheinformation!,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,DR,31,邻居关系建立状态(续.)发现路由,Ineedthecompleteentryfornetwork172.16.6.0/24.,Hereistheentryfornetwork172.16.6.0/24.,Thanksfortheinformation!,LSR,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSU,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LoadingState,E0172.16.5.1,E0172.16.5.3,Thanksfortheinformation!,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,DR,32,邻居关系建立状态(续.)发现路由,FullState,Ineedthecompleteentryfornetwork172.16.6.0/24.,Hereistheentryfornetwork172.16.6.0/24.,Thanksfortheinformation!,LSR,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSU,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LoadingState,E0172.16.5.1,E0172.16.5.3,Thanksfortheinformation!,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,LSAck,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,DR,33,维护路由信息,RouterAtellsallOSPFDRson224.0.0.6,Link-StateChange,LSU,DR,A,B,34,维护路由信息(续.),LSU,RouterAtellsallOSPFDRson224.0.0.6DRtellsotherson224.0.0.5,Link-StateChange,LSU,DR,A,B,35,LSU,维护路由信息(续.),LSU,Link-StateChange,LSU,DR,A,B,RouterAtellsallOSPFDRson224.0.0.6DRtellsotherson224.0.0.5,36,维护路由信息(续.),Ineedtoupdatemyroutingtable.,4,LSU,LSU,Link-StateChange,LSU,DR,A,B,RouterAtellsallOSPFDRson224.0.0.6DRtellsotherson224.0.0.5,37,维护路由信息(续.),Isentryinlink-statedatabase?,No,RunSPFtocalculatenewroutingtable,Addtodatabase,FloodLSA,End,SendLSAcktoDR,38,维护路由信息(续.),Yes,Isseq.#thesame?,Yes,IgnoreLSA,Isentryinlink-statedatabase?,No,RunSPFtocalculatenewroutingtable,Addtodatabase,FloodLSA,SendLSAcktoDR,End,39,维护路由信息(续.),Yes,A,No,SendLSUwithnewerinformationtosource,Isseq.#higher?,No,Yes,Isseq.#thesame?,Yes,IgnoreLSA,Isentryinlink-statedatabase?,No,RunSPFtocalculatenewroutingtable,Addtodatabase,FloodLSA,SendLSAcktoDR,End,End,End,End,40,OSPF单区域,链路状态通告（LSA）类型,LSA类型1路由器链路条目（OOSPF）链路状态和成本开销LSA类型2网络链路条目（OOSPF）由DR产生描述区域内的路由信息LSA类型3汇总链路条目（IAOSPF内部区域间）由ABR产生LSA类型4汇总链路条目（IAOSPF外部区域间）由ABR产生LSA类型5自治系统外部链路条目（E1OSPF外部类型1）（E2OSPF外部类型2）由ASBR产生LSA类型6多目组播OSPF（MOSPF）LSA类型7自治系统外部链路条目（N1OSPFNSSA外部类型1）（N2OSPF外部类型2）,42,配置OSPF在内部的路由器上,CanAssignNetworkorInterfaceAddress.,BroadcastNetwork,Point-to-PointNetwork,E0133.1.1.2,133.1.1.1E0,S110.1.1.1,10.1.1.3S0(DCE),R2,R1,R3,interfaceEthernet0ipaddress133.1.1.2255.255.255.0!routerospf20network133.1.1.00.0.0.255area0,interfaceEthernet0ipaddress133.1.1.1255.255.255.0!interfaceSerial1ipaddress10.1.1.2255.255.255.0routerospf10network10.1.1.10.0.0.0area0network133.1.1.10.0.0.0area0,43,RouterID:通常将路由器ID设置为最大的物理接口IP地址。接口无须参加OSPF进程，但必须是活跃的。如果配置了环回接口，那环回接口将优先于物理接口地址成为路由器ID可以使用命令router-id来手工设置路由器ID，这样设置的路由器ID将优先于其他两种方式选择的路由器ID,AdvertisedLoopbackAddressEx:172.16.17.5InOSPFtableUsesaddressspaceCanuseping,UnadvertisedLoopbackAddressEx:192.168.255.254NotinOSPFtableSavesaddressspaceCannotuseping,Network172.16.0.0,配置可选的命令,44,给一个接口指派一个成本该成本指明在两个路由器之间的链路成本使用缺省的成本在两个路由器之间,Cisco,Non-Cisco,Traffic,配置可选的命令(续.),45,在NBMA中配置OSPF,NBMAmode,Point-to-multipointmode,46,在NBMA中配置OSPF(续.),Router(config-if)#,ipospfnetworkpoint-to-point,Point-to-pointmode,Broadcastmode,47,在NBMA中配置OSPF(续.),Router(config-router)#,neighborip-addressprioritynumberpoll-intervalseccostnumber,R1(config)#interfaceSerial0R1(config-if)#ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR1(config-if)#ipospfnetworknon-broadcastR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#network10.1.1.00.0.0.255area0R1(config-router)#neighbor10.1.1.2R1(config-router)#neighbor10.1.1.3R1(config-router)#neighbor10.1.1.4,如果缺省是非广播型网络,那么不需要使用命令ipospfnetwork指明邻居必须显示声明和配置,48,配置OSPF在点到多点模式,不选举DR/BDR不需要手动配置指定邻居OSPF交换链路状态更新信息通常运行在部分互连网络,R1(config)#interfaceSerial0R1(config-if)#ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR1(config-if)#ipospfnetworkpoint-to-multipointR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#network10.1.1.00.0.0.255area0,49,R1(config)#interfaceSerial0R1(config-if)#ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR1(config-if)#ipospfnetworkbroadcastR1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#network10.1.1.00.0.0.255area0,配置OSPF在广播模式,选举DR/BDR不需要指定邻居适用于全网状拓扑或部分网状拓扑,50,配置OSPF在点到点模式,R1(config)#interfaceSerial0R1(config-if)#noipaddressR1(config-if)#encapsulationframe-relayR1(config)#interfaceSerial0.1point-to-pointR1(config-subif)#ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0R1(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci51R1(config)#interfaceSerial0.2point-to-pointR1(config-subif)#ipaddress10.1.2.1255.255.255.0R1(config-subif)#frame-relayinterface-dlci52R1(config)#routerospf1R1(config-router)#network10.1.0.00.0.255.255area0,OSPF认为每个子接口连接在一个物理的点到点的网络邻居关系是自动建立的,51,检验OSPF运行,VerifyingOSPFOperation,显示区域ID和邻居信息,校验OSPF的配置信息,显示所有OSPF路由信息,53,显示关于DR、BDR和邻居的信息显示链路状态数据库,检验OSPF运行(续),显示OSPF时间信息和统计信息,54,该命令允许你清除IP路由表,显示路由器交换hello数据包的信息,检验OSPF运行(续),55,showipospfinterface,R2#showipospfinterfaceEthernet0Ethernet0isup,lineprotocolisupInternetAddress192.168.0.12/24,Area0ProcessID1,RouterID192.168.0.12,NetworkTypeBROADCAST,Cost:10TransmitDelayis1sec,StateDROTHER,Priority1DesignatedRouter(ID)192.168.0.11,Interfaceaddress192.168.0.11BackupDesignatedrouter(ID)192.168.0.13,Interfaceaddress192.168.0.13Timerintervalsconfigured,Hello10,Dead40,Wait40,Retransmit5Helloduein00:00:04NeighborCountis3,Adjacentneighborcountis2Adjacentwithneighbor192.168.0.13(BackupDesignatedRouter)Adjacentwithneighbor192.168.0.11(DesignatedRouter)Suppresshellofor0neighbor(s),56,showipospfneighborMultiaccessandPoint-to-Point,NeighborIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface192.168.0.1312WAY/DROTHER00:00:31192.168.0.13Ethernet0192.168.0.141FULL/BDR00:00:38192.168.0.14Ethernet0192.168.0.1112WAY/DROTHER00:00:36192.168.0.11Ethernet0192.168.0.121FULL/DR00:00:38192.168.0.12Ethernet0,OSPFoverEthernet多路访问网络,NeighborIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface192.168.0.111FULL/-00:00:3910.1.1.2Serial1,OSPFoverHDLC点到点网络,57,showipospfneighborNBMATopologyNBMAMode,NeighborIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface192.168.0.121FULL/DROTHER0:01:5610.1.1.2Serial0192.168.0.130FULL/DROTHER0:01:3410.1.1.3Serial0192.168.0.111FULL/BDR0:01:5610.1.1.1Serial0,OSPFoverFrameRelayNBMAModeUsingtheneighborCommand,58,NeighborIDPriStateDeadTimeAddressInterface192.168.0.141FULL/DR00:00:3010.1.1.4Serial0192.168.0.131FULL/DROTHER00:00:3610.1.1.3Serial0192.168.0.121FULL/DROTHER00:00:3910.1.1.2Serial0,OSPFoverFrameRelayBroadcastMode,showipospfneighborNBMATopologyNBMAMode,59,R2#showipospfdatabaseOSPFRouterwithID(192.168.0.12)(ProcessID1)RouterLinkStates(Area0)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#ChecksumLinkcount192.168.0.10192.168.0.108170 x800000030 xFF561192.168.0.11192.168.0.118170 x800000030 xFD551192.168.0.12192.168.0.128160 x800000030 xFB541192.168.0.13192.168.0.138160 x800000030 xF9531192.168.0.14192.168.0.148170 x800000030 xD9901NetLinkStates(Area0)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum192.168.0.14192.168.0.148120 x800000020 x4AC8,showipospfdatabase,60,debugipospfadj,192.168.0.14onEthernet0,state2WAYOSPF:endofWaitoninterfaceEthernet0OSPF:DR/BDRelectiononEthernet0OSPF:ElectBDR192.168.0.14OSPF:ElectDR192.168.0.14DR:192.168.0.14(Id)BDR:192.168.0.14(Id)OSPF:SendDBDto192.168.0.14onEthernet0seq0 x11DBopt0 x2flag0 x7len32OSPF:BuildrouterLSAforarea0,routerID192.168.0.11OSPF:NeighborchangeEventoninterfaceEthernet0OSPF:RcvDBDfrom192.168.0.14onEthernet0seq0 x1598opt0 x2flag0 x7len32stateEXSTARTOSPF:NBRNegotiationDone.WearetheSLAVEOSPF:SendDBDto192.168.0.14onEthernet0seq0 x1598opt0 x2flag0 x2len52OSPF:RcvDBDfrom192.168.0.14onEthernet0seq0 x1599opt0 x2flag0 x3len92stateEXCHANGEOSPF:ExchangeDonewith192.168.0.14onEthernet0OSPF:SendDBDto192.168.0.14onEthernet0seq0 x159Aopt0 x2flag0 x0len32OSPF:Synchronizedwith192.168.0.14onEthernet0,stateFULLOSPF:BuildrouterLSAforarea0,routerID192.168.0.11OSPF:NeighborchangeEventoninterfaceEthernet0OSPF:DR/BDRelectiononEthernet0OSPF:ElectBDR192.168.0.13OSPF:ElectDR192.168.0.14DR:192.168.0.14(Id)BDR:192.168.0.13(Id),61,修改链路成本,CISCOIOS用公式108带宽来自动确认链路成本：,62,修改链路成本,在一个接口上配置OSPF链路成本值Router(config)#ints0Router(config-if)#ipospfcost1000,在一个串行接口上设置带宽Router(config)#ints1Router(config-if)#bandwidth56,63,配置认证,路由器的每个OSPF接口都可以有一个不同的认证密钥，起功能是作为同一区域中OSPF路由器之间的口令。Router(config-if)#ipospfauthentication-keypassword,为整个区域启动认证功能。Router(config-if)#areanumberauthentication-keymessage-digest,在OSPF路由器的接口上配置一个消息摘要密钥。Router(config-if)#ipospfmessage-digest-keykey-idmd5encryption-typepassword,64,配置认证,RTB(config)#ints0RTB(config-if)#ipospfmessage-digest-key1md57cisco123RTB(config-if)#inte0RTB(config-if)#ipospfmessage-digest-key1md57cisco789RTB(config-if)#routerospf1RTB(config-router)#area0authenticationmessage-digest,65,配置OSPF记时器,配置hello间隔和DOWN机判定间隔时间的命令如下：Router(config-if)#ipospfhello-intervalsecondsRouter(config-if)#ipospfdead-intervalseconds,配置事例：Router(config)#inte0Router(config-if)#ipospfhello-interval5Router(config-if)#ipospfdead-interval20,66,OSPF多区域,在一个大型网络运行OSPF,Myroutingtableistoobig,Iamrunninglowonmemory.,TheSPFisrunningtoooftenformetoroute.,IamonlyreceivingLSAs,nodata.,OSPF,OSPF,OSPF,OSPF,OSPF,68,Area0,Area1,Area2,AutonomousSystem,ConsistsofareasandautonomoussystemsMinimizesroutingupdatetraffic,解决方案:OSPF分级的路由模式,69,创建多个OSPF区域,OSPF将一个大型互连网络分解为多个小区域的能力称为体系化路由。体系化路由的优点是：汇总路由信息避免路由颠簸造成的路由更新SPF计算频率降低路由表变小链路状态更新额外开销降低,70,OSPF区域类型,标准区域主干区域末节区域完全末节区域次末节区域（NOT-SO-STUBBYAREA，NSSA）,71,OSPF路由器类型,内部路由器主干路由器区域边界路由器（ABR）自治系统边界路由器（ASBR）,72,链路状态通告（LSA）类型,LSA类型1路由器链路条目（OOSPF）链路状态和成本开销LSA类型2网络链路条目（OOSPF）由DR产生描述区域内的路由信息LSA类型3汇总链路条目（IAOSPF内部区域间）由ABR产生LSA类型4汇总链路条目（IAOSPF外部区域间）由ABR产生LSA类型5自治系统外部链路条目（E1OSPF外部类型1）（E2OSPF外部类型2）由ASBR产生LSA类型6多目组播OSPF（MOSPF）LSA类型7自治系统外部链路条目（N1OSPFNSSA外部类型1）（N2OSPF外部类型2）,73,OSPFMulti-Area组成,Routers,LSAs,Internal,ABR,ASBR,Backbone,Type1,Type2,Type3/4,Type5,Area0Iamabackbone.,Area2Iamastub.,Area1Iamstandard.,Areas,74,OSPF路由类型,Area1,Area2,BackboneArea0,ExternalAS,75,链路状态通告类型,Type1:路由链路条目Type2:网络链路条目Type3and4:汇聚链路条目Type5:AS外部链路条目,76,LSAsinOSPFDatabase,Router,Area1,Area0,Network,Summary,External,ABR,DR,p1r3#showipospfdatabaseOSPFRouterwithID(10.64.0.1)(ProcessID1)RouterLinkStates(Area1)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#ChecksumLinkcount10.1.2.110.1.2.16510 x800000050 xD4824NetLinkStates(Area1)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum10.64.0.110.64.0.15380 x800000020 xAD9ASummaryNetLinkStates(Area1)LinkIDADVRouterAgeSeq#Checksum10.2.1.010.2.1.24390 x800000020 xE6F8,ASBR,ExternalAS,77,Area0,10,R4,R3sCostto:AS1(E1)viaR1=1795AS1(E1)viaR3=1785,10,1785,1785,R1,R3,AS1,汇聚后的成本计算和外部路由的成本计算,78,Area1,10,R5,R3sCostto:AS1(E1)viaR1=1795AS1(E1)viaR3=1785,R5sCostto:AS1(E1)viaR1=1815AS1(E1)viaR3=1805,Area0,10,R4,10,1785,1785,R1,R3,AS1,汇聚后的成本计算和外部路由的成本计算(续.),79,区域类型,80,互连区域;允许所有的LSAs.,BackboneArea0,区域类型(续.),81,StubArea,不接受外部的LSAs.,互连的区域;允许所有的LSAs.,BackboneArea0,区域类型(续.),82,TotallyStubbyArea,不允许外部的或汇聚的LSAs.,StubArea,不允许外部的LSAs.,BackboneArea0,互连区域;允许所有的LSAs.,区域类型(续.),83,实施OSPF多区域环境中,在多区域网络中数据包的转发,BBone,Internal,Internal,ABR2,ABR1,Area50,Data,ToABR1,ToBackbone,ToABR2,ToDestinationNetwork,Area1,Area0,85,BBone,Internal,ABR2,ABR1,Internal,Type1,Area1,Area0,Area50Stub,泛洪LSUs到多区域,86,BBone,Internal,ABR2,ABR1,Internal,Type3,Type1,Type3,Area1,Area0,Area50Stub,泛洪LSUs到多区域(续.),87,Type5,afadjfjorqpoeru39547439070713,Type5,Default,Area1,Area0,BBone,Internal,ABR2,ABR1,Area50Stub,Internal,RIP,Type3,Type3,Type1,泛洪LSUs到多区域(续.),88,RoutingTable,Inter-AreaRoutes,Intra-AreaRoutes,External(Non-OSPFRoutes),Area1,Area1,Area0,Area1,RIP,泛洪LSUs到多区域(续.),89,VirtualLinks的应用,所有通信在主干区域交互Virtuallinks提供到主干区域的通道,在主干区域汇聚信息,Area3,Area1,VirtualLink,TransitArea,Area3,91,用虚连接连接不连续的网络新加入的网络冗余,在主干区域汇聚信息,Area3,Area0,Area0,TransitArea,Area1,Area2,92,2000,CiscoSystems,Inc.,5-93,使用和配置OSPF多区域,配置OSPFABRs,E0133.1.1.2,133.1.1.1E0,S010.1.1.1,10.1.1.3S1(DCE),R2,R1,R3,ABR,interfaceEthernet0ipaddress133.1.1.2255.255.255.0!routerospf20network133.1.1.00.0.0.255area0,Area1,Area0,interfaceEthernet0ipaddress133.1.1.1255.255.255.0!interfaceSerial0ipaddress10.1.1.1255.255.255.0routerospf10network133.1.1.10.0.0.0area0network10.1.1.10.0.0.0area1,94,Default,Default,Summary,Default,使用末节和完全末节区域,Area1TotallyStubby,Area0,Internal,ABR2,ABR1,Area50Stub,Summary,External,External,InternalNon-CiscoRouter,BBone,Summary,RIP,ASBR,95,Typicallyasingleexitpointintoarea;ifmultipleexitpoin