医学术语ppt课件

.,1,MedicalTerminology,NursingCollegeQianHuang,.,2,MedicalTerminology,医学中用于描述疾病状况、手术程序、用药，解剖结构等的术语。医学术语多来源于拉丁语和希腊语，因此，它的单词常具有复杂的读音和冗长的拼写形式。,.,3,Components,词根wordroot前缀prefix后缀suffix,.,4,CombiningForm,.,5,polyadenopathy,prefix,wordroot,suffix,condition,gland,multi,combiningform,combiningvowel,.,6,WordRoot,词根：它是一个词的主要部分和基础，构成医学术语的基本意思。来源主要有两个，希腊语和拉丁语。所有的医学术语单词至少包含一个词根，多的有两个、三个甚至更多。tonsillectomy扁桃体切除术cholecystectomy胆囊切除术otorhinolaryngologist耳鼻喉专家,.,7,CommonlyUsedWordRoot,wordrootmeaningExamplecardi(o)heartcardiopathy心脏病chol(e)gallcholecystectomy胆囊切除术splenspleensplenectomy脾切除术dermatskindermatitis皮炎histtissuehistology组织学hepatliverhepatitis肝炎neur(o)nervesneurodermatitis神经性皮炎oste(o)boneosteoma骨瘤sarcfleshsarcoma肉瘤gastr(o)stomachgastrectomy胃切除术,.,8,Usage,医学术语的词根不能单独使用，其原因是它来源于不同的语言，拉丁语或希腊语，词根本身没有完整的意思，所以，当它要表示完整的意思时，必须与其他构词成分连接在一起使用。eye:opthalmeyedoctor(T)opthalmdisease(F)opthalmicdisease(T),.,9,Prefix,前缀：它是指连接在动词、形容词、名词的前面，对这个词本身进行进一步的说明，提供一些额外的信息，比如器官的位置，涉及的时间等。operative手术的preoperative手术前postoperative手术后perioperative围手术期,.,10,CommonlyUsedPrefix,prefixmeaningexamplea-an-no,withoutanuria-absenceofurine无尿ab-awayfromabnormal-awayfromnormal异常anti-againstantibiotic-tendingtopreventlife抗生素bi-two,doublebiceps-musclehavingtwoheads二头肌tri-threetriceps-musclehavingthreeheads三头肌de-from,lackofdegerm-removegermfrom除菌dys-bad,difficultdysuria-difficulturinating排尿困难epi-over,uponepigastric-overthestomach胃上部的,.,11,Antonym,ab-awayfrom离开ad-toward靠近abduction-awayfromthemidline外展adduction-movetowardthemidline内收,.,12,Antonym,endo-withinorinside内部exo,ex-withoutoroutof,awayfrom外部，离开endogenic-originatingfrominside内源性的exogenic-originatingfromoutside外源性的,.,13,Antonym,hyper-over,elevated超过，多hypo-lessthannormal,depressed低于，少hypertension-elevatedamountoftension高血压hypotension-lessamountoftension低血压,.,14,Antonym,super,supra-above,beyond在上方sub-below,under在下方suprarenal-abovethekidney肾上的sublingual-underthetongue舌下的,.,15,Suffix,后缀：它是指连接在词根后面，对词根进行修饰说明，用于表示状况、疾病过程、手术操作程序等含义。,.,16,Surgical,-ectomy-surgicalremovemastectomy乳房切除术-stomy-surgicalcreatedopengastrostomy胃造口术-tomy-cuttingintoorincisiongastrotomy胃切开-plasty-surgaicalrepairrhinoplasty鼻成形术,.,17,Procedural,gram-recordofsomethingelectrocardiogram心电图grah-instrumentthatrecordselectrocardiograph心电图描记器grahy-procedureelectrocardiography心电图描记录术scope-instrumentforviewingendoscope内窥镜scopy-procedureforviewingendoscopy内窥镜检查法therapy-treatmentchemotherapy化疗,.,18,Condition,-emia-conditionofbloodleukaemia白血病-algia-painarthralgia关节痛-itis-inflammationdermatitis皮炎-malacia-abnormalsofeningosteomalacia骨软化sclerosis-abnormalhardeningarteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化-megaly-enlargementcardiomegaly心脏肥大-oma-tumorlymphoma淋巴瘤-(o)sis-abnormalconditiontuberculosis结核病-pathy-diseaseenteropathy肠道疾病-um-structurepericardium心包,.,19,-an,ary,ine,ous,tic,eal,ic,ovarian-pertainingtotheovary卵巢的alimentary-pertainingtothegastrointestinaltract消化道的uterine-pertainingtotheuterus子宫的cutaneous-pertainningtotheskin皮肤的nephritic-pertainingtohediseaseofkidney肾炎的laryngeal-pertainingtothethroat喉的ophthalmic-pertainingtotheeyes眼睛的，眼部的,.,20,Methods,breakdownintodifferentpartsinterpretthemeaningofeachpartcombinethem,.,21,Summary,medicalterminology,wordroot,prefix,suffix,.,22,Exercise,请写出