英语单词构词法Word_building

WordBuilding,.,2,什么是构词法？,英语单词的构成有一定的规律可循，这种规律称为构词法。,英语构词法主要有三种：派生、转化、合成另外还有缩略词,.,3,加前缀：happy-_happy加后缀：develop-develop_既加前缀又加后缀：employ-_employ_,一、派生词（derivation）在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词,un,ment,un,ment,.,4,(A)表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmoker，non-stop(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive,indirect(常用在adj.后)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前)il-illegalir-irregular,常见的前缀,.,5,(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misunderstand,mislead(C).表示向背的前缀:anti-（阻止，抗）antiwar,anti-Japanesewar(D)表示共同，相等意思的前缀con-,com-,co-(共同，一起)connect,combine,co-operate,.,6,(E).表示程度、大小的前缀super-supermarket,supermanover-overuse,overeatmini-miniskirt,minibusunder-underground,under-developsemi-(半，部分)semicircleextra-(超越，额外)extraordinaryvice-(副，次)vice-president,vice-chairman,.,7,(F).表示时间、序列关系的前缀pre-prewar,previewpostpostwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先)foretell,forecastre-（再一次，重新）retell,rewritemid-,medi-（中，中间）midnight,Mediterranean,.,8,(G).表示方位的前缀：inter-internationaltrans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)translate,transportsub-subway,submarine(潜水艇；水下的）,.,9,常见的后缀,1.名词后缀：-erteacher,worker-orvisitor,sailor-alarrival,refusal-eeemployee,interviewee-ationeducation,satisfaction-mentdevelopment,movement-ance,-enceimportance,violence,.,10,-nesshappiness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-istpianist,artist-an,-ainAmerican,historian-agecourage,marriage-domfreedom,kingdom-hoodchildhood,brotherhood-icenotice,advice,service-ingbuilding,writing-ionaction,solution,conclusion,.,11,2.形容词后缀：-ywindy,rainy,sandy-ishfoolish,selfish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful-able,-iblecomfortable,responsible-alnatural,additional,educational-ant,-entimportant,excellent-arsimilar,popular-arymilitary,voluntary-ingmoving,interesting,exciting,.,12,3.动词后缀：-ifybeautify,simplify-ize,-iserealize,recognize(ise),organize(ise),modernize(ise)-enquicken,widen,sharpen-ateseparate,operate,.,13,4.副词后缀：-lypossibly,carefully,simply-ward,-wardsdownward,upwards-waysalways,sideways（斜着）-wiseotherwise,.,14,1.Butevenmore_(value)arethelessonslearnedinextra-curricularactivitiesinschool:inspeech,dramatic,musicalcontestsandsoon.2.Manyvideogamesare_(violence).（佛山一模）,Examplesfromsomeexamsthisyear:,violent,valuable,.,15,3.MsChenhasbeenteachingmeEnglishsinceJunior1,andtoshowmy_(appreciate)Idecidedtogetherapresent.（广州一模）4.Theywanttobefreeand_(depend),andmanyofthemdisagreewiththeirparentsabouthowmuchfreedomtheyshouldhave.(省调研题）,independent,appreciation,.,16,5._(fortunate),IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minuteslefttocompletetherest！(广州二模）6.Imustknowhowtocareforothersandtrynotto_(understand)them.(惠州一模）,misunderstand,Unfortunately,.,17,watern.水-watervt.浇水常见的转化形式4种：动词-名词名词-形容词动词-形容词副词-形容词,二、转化(conversion)由同一个单词通过词类变化转化成为另外一种词义,.,18,1动词-名词,stopvt.停止-n.watchvt.观看-n.recordvt.录音-bvt.梳理(头发)-n.,车站,手表,纪录,梳子,.,19,2名词-形容词,lightn.光线-a.rightn.右边-a.Chinesen.汉语-a.Russiann.俄语-a.,轻的,对的,中国的,俄国的,.,20,3动词-形容词,cleanv.打扫-a.emptyv.倒空-pletev.完成-a.lastv.持续-a.,清洁的,空的,完全的,最后的,.,21,4副词-形容词,hardad.努力地-a.wellad.好-a.earlyad.早地-a.,困难的,健康的,早的,.,22,三、合成词(compoundingwords)由两个或以上的词组成另外一个词,class班级+room房间=classroom教室warm+heart+ed=warmhearted_good+looking=good-looking_的,热心肠的,相貌好看的,.,23,四、缩略词(shorteningwords)它分为截短和缩合两种。,1.截短:是指用截头取尾的方法构成新词。advertisement-adtelephone-phoneinfluenza-flu_t