名词性从句 (6).ppt

NounClause,Joke1Beautywasaveryprettygirl.Quitealotofyoungmenwantedtomarryher.Oneday,oneoftheyoungmencametovisitherandaskedhertobecomehiswife.Sheanswered,No,John,Iwontmarryyou.Iwanttomarryamanwhoisfamous,whocanplaymusic,singanddanceverywell,whocantellinterestingstories,whodoesnotsmokeordrink,whostaysathomeintheeveningsandwhostopstalkingwhenImtiredoflistening.Theyoungmangotup,tookhiscoatandwenttothedoor,butbeforeheleftthehouse,heturnedandsaidtoBertha,Itisntamanyourelookingfor._”,Joke2Onagirlswayhomeafterwatchingaballetperformance,thekindergartenteacheraskedherstudentswhattheythoughtofit.Thesmallestgirlintheclasssaid:”Ifoneday,theywillnothavetostandontheirtoesallthetime.”Joke3Ateacheraskedaskedoneofhisstudents:Whatisthelongestandwhatistheshortest?Thestudentansweredimmediately,whilethelastseveralminutesofanexamistheshortest.,Joke4Aguyhadstayedsadlyinabarformorethanhalfanhour.Then,atruckdriversteppedupnexttohim,tookthedrinkfromtheguy,anddrankitalldown.Thepoormanstartedcrying.Thetruckdriversaid,Comeonman,Iwasjustjoking.Here,Illbuyyouanotherdrink.Ijustcantseeamancrying.No,itsnotthat.Thisdayistheworstofmylife.First,Iwaslategettingtomyoffice.Mybosswasprettyangry,andfiredme.WhenIleftthebuildingtogotomycar,Ifoundoutitwasstolen.Thepolicesaytheycandonothing.WhenIgothome,Ifoundmywifeinbedwiththegardener.Ilefthomeandcametothisbar.AndjustwhenIwasthinkingaboutputtinganendtomylife,.,A.thatthelastseveralminutesofaclassisthelongestB.theworstisthatyoushowupanddrinkmypoisonC.mywishthatthedancerscangrowtallercomestrueD.whatyouwantisatelevisionset,Warming-up:Enjoyfourpiecesofjokeandchoosethesuitablesentencetocompletethejoke.,原来那个女孩想嫁的是个电视机！,playmusic,singanddanceverywell,whocantellinterestingstories,whodoesnotsmokeordrink,whostaysathomeintheeveningsandwhostopstalkingwhenImtiredoflistening.Theyoungmangotup,tookhiscoatandwenttothedoor,butbeforeheleftthehouse,heturnedandsaidtoBetty,Itisntamanyourelookingfor._.,Joke1Bettywasaveryprettygirl.Quitealotofyoungmenwantedtomarryher.,Oneday,oneoftheyoungmencametovisitherandaskedhertobecomehiswife.Sheanswered,No,John,Iwontmarryyou.Iwanttomarryamanwhoisfamous,whocan,D.Whatyouwantisatelevisionset,Joke2Ateacheraskedoneofhisstudents:Whatisthelongestandwhatistheshortest?Thestudentansweredimmediately_whilethelastseveralminutesofanexamistheshortest.,A.thatthelast,severalminutesofaclassisthelongest,Doyouagree?,Joke3Aguyhadstayedsadlyinabarformorethanhalfanhour.Then,atruckdriversteppedupnexttohim,tookthedrinkfromtheguy,anddrankitalldown.,Poison,Thepoormanstartedcrying.Thetruckdriversaid,Comeonman,Iwasjustjoking.Here,Illbuyyouanotherdrink.Ijustcantseeamancrying.No,itsnotthat.Thisdayistheworstofmylife.First,Iwaslategettingtomyoffice.Mybosswasprettyangry,andfiredme.WhenIleftthebuildingtogotomycar,Ifoundoutitwasstolen.Thepolicesaytheycandonothing.WhenIgothome,Ifoundmywifeinbedwiththegardener.Ilefthomeandcametothisbar.AndjustwhenIwasthinkingaboutputtinganendtomylife,_.,B.theworstisthatyou,turnupanddrinkmypoison,长高点，就不用踮着脚跳舞了,Joke4Onagirlswayhomeafterwatchingaballet(芭蕾舞）performance,thekindergartenteacheraskedherstudentswhattheythoughtofit.Thesmallestgirlintheclasssaid:“If_oneday,theywillnothavetostandontheirtoesallthetime.”,C.mywishthat,thedancerscangrowtallercomestrue,Joke1:Whatyouwantisatelevisionset.Joke2:Thestudentansweredimmediatelythatthelastseveralminutesofaclassisthelongestwhilethelastseveralminutesofanexamistheshortest.Joke3:AndjustwhenIwasthinkingaboutputtinganendtomylife,theworstisthatyoushowupanddrinkmypoison.Joke4:Ifmywishthatthedancerscangrowtallercomestrueoneday,theywillnothavetostandontheirtoesallthetime.,Whatkindofclausearethey?,Joke1:Whatyouwantisatelevisionset.Joke2:Thestudentansweredimmediatelythatthelastseveralminutesofaclassisthelongestwhilethelastseveralminutesofanexamistheshortest.Joke3:AndjustwhenIwasthinkingaboutputtinganendtomylife,theworstisthatyoushowupanddrinkmypoison.Joke4:Ifmywishthatthedancerscangrowtallercomestrueoneday,theywillnothavetostandontheirtoesallthetime.,Whatkindofclausearethey?,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,Nounclause,NounClauses(名词性从句),SubjectClause(主语从句),AppositiveClause（同位语从句）,ObjectClause（宾语从句）,PredicativeClause（表语从句）,Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,ConjunctionsofNounClauses(引导名词性从句的关联词):,what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+ever,that,whether,if,asif/asthough,when,where,how,why,1.主语从句,主语从句就是从句在主句中作主语的名词性从句。,1)Thatshelefthimhurtshimsomuch.2)Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.3)Whatweneedismorepractice.4)Whenwewillbeginthemeetingisunderdiscussion.,*that只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。,*whether是否，表不确定的事情(不能用If）,*what在从句中作主语,*When在从句中作状语,*_(他是否要来)isnotyetknown.*_(他想告诉我们什么)isnotclear.*_(谁会赢得这场比赛)isstillunknown.*_(你错过了这次机会)isapity.=Itis_.,Exercise1:,Whetherhewillcomeornot,Whathewantstotellus,Whowillwinthematch,Thatyoumissedthechance,apitythatyoumissedthechance,注意:由that引导的主语从句有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面。例如:,1.Thathewillrefusethispieceofadviceisimpossible._2.Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural._,*it为形式主语,Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.,Itisimpossiblethathewillrefusethispieceofadvice.,这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat.遗憾的是Itisasurprisethat令人惊奇的是Itisafactthat是事实Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识*_(很遗憾)welostthematch.*_(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.,Itisapitythat,Itisafactthat,2)Itis+adj.+从句Itscertainthat肯定Itispossiblethat.很可能Itisunlikelythat.不可能Itisobviousthat很明显Itisnecessaryimportantnatural.that*_(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.,+(should)+do,Itispossiblethat,Itisobviousthat,3)It+不及物动词+从句Ithappenedthat.碰巧Itoccurredtomethat我突然想起*_(刚好)Icameintotheofficeatthattime.*_(我突然想起)Iforgettosenttheletter.,Ithappenedthat,Itoccurredtomethat,4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat.据说Itisknowntoallthat.众所周知Itisreportedthat.据报道Itisbelievedthat.据信;人们相信Itissuggestedthat+(should）do.建议Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认Itcannotbedeniedthat不可否认Itmustbepointedoutthat需指出的是*_(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*_(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.,Itisreportedthat,Itissuggestedthat,宾语从句,Wecanlearnwhatwedonotknow.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawintheU.S.A.Idontknowwherewewillholdthemeeting.(语序),1.Idecided（that）Iwouldgototheparty.2.Idontknowif/whetherhewillcomebacktomorrow.3.Iwanttoknowhowithappened.4.Hewaslisteningtowhattheteachersaid.,宾语从句就是从句在主句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,2.宾语从句,1._(我听说)hejoinedthearmy.2._(我怀疑)hewillsucceed.3.Payattentionto_(医生说些什么).4.Doyouknow_(他什么时候会来)?5.Didshesay_(我们应该怎么做这个工作)?,Exercise2:,Iheard(that),Idoubtwhether/if,whatthedoctorsaid,whenhewillcome,howweshoulddothework,Fillintheblankswithsuitableconjunctions.,1.-Canyoutellme_themanis?-Heismybrother.2.Ididntknow_hewascominguntilyesterday.3.Thedoctorasks_medicineyouhavetaken.4.Thisis_theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.,who,when,what,how,5.Whatfrightenedusmostwas_twolightssuddenlyappearedoutofthedarkness.6.Mymotherasked_thematterwaswithme.7.ThereasonIdidntcometothemeetingwas_Igotill.,what,that,that,WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.,2.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.,注意：it常可以放在动词think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语,真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾.,*_(我们认为很奇怪)shedidntgotoschooltoday.,Wethinkitstrangethat,TranslatethesesentencesintoEnglishusingnounclauses.,1.这是我们所想要的东西。Thisiswhatwewant.2.我认为你是对的。Ithink(that)youareright.3.我想知道他是否能帮助我。Idliketoknowwhetherhecanhelpmeornot.,4.天气不是昨天那样了。Theweatherisnotwhatitwasyesterday.5.问题是我们怎么能完成任务。Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetask.,表语从句在句子中作表语，在系动词之后,Thequestioniswhetherwecancompletethedifficulttask.Thefactisthatwewillhavetwodaysoff.,常见的系动词分为三种：,A表示特征和状态：be,look,sound,taste,smell,seem,appear等,B表示由一类状态转为另一类状态：get,become,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等,C表示某种状态的：remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay等,3.表语从句,表语从句就是从句在主句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后,1.Thetroubleis(that)Ihavelosthisaddress.2.Thequestioniswhethertheywillbeabletohelpus.3.Thatiswhathehasdone.4.Theproblemremainshowtogetsomefinancialsupport.,表语从句：,1.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewas_hemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.2.Thequestionis_(我们是否能做好准备）insuchashorttime.3.WhatIwanttoknowis_(我该买哪部词典）.4.Thepointis_（你什么时候可以完成）,Exercise3:,whetherwecanmakegood,whenyoucanfinishit.,that,whichdictionaryI,preparation,shouldbuy,找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。1.IdontknowifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.,6.Thatswhatyouaregoingtodofirst.7.Itllbedecidedattheclassmeetingwhoistobethemonitorofourclass.8.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.9.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.10.HegavemethenewsthatsomeAmericanswillvisitourschooltomorrow.,4.同位语从句,同位语从句就是从句在句中作同位语的名词性从句，是对与其同位的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。大多数同位语从句由从属连词that(whether,how,when,where,why)引导（不能省略）,常跟以下抽象名词后,fact/news/idea/reason/hope/belief/truth/dream/problem/advice/suggestion/thought/order/doubt/answer/reply,1.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.2.WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome.3.HeoftenasksmethisquestionwhenTomwillcomebackfromAmerican.,Appositiveclause同位语从句:,1.Theidea_computerswillrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.Thepossibility_themajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.3.Ihavenoidea_(他去了哪里）4.Theyarethinkingaboutthequestion_(怎么能够赢得)thecompetition.5.Pleasetellusthetruth_(谁为我们做的）.,that,that,howthey,whodidthatforus,wherehehasgone,Exercise4:,couldwin,1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.*(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息，that虽不作成分,但不能省略)2.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.*(定语从句,起修饰作用，说明到底是哪一个消息，that在从句中作told的宾语,可以省略),注意：同位语从句与定语从句区别,判断:定语从句or同位语从句,1.Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.2.Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.3.ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.4.Thenewsthatwegotlastweekistrue.5.Thequestionthatwediscussedyesterdayisadifficultone.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),(定语从句),注意1：that/what的辨用,1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.4.Hetoldus_hefeltill.5.Theresultis_wewonthegame.6.Thisis_wewanttoknow.7.Ihavenoidea_hedidthatafternoon.8.Thefact_sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.,What,That,what,what,what,（that）,（that）,that,Rules,1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用2.what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。,注意2：whether与if的辨用,1.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.Itremainsaproblemwhether/ifitistrue.3.Heaskedwhether/ifMarywouldattendtheceremony.4.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.6.Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisimportant.7.Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.8.Idontknowwhether/ifitisrightornot.,Rules,1.在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在vt动词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，whether/if都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否”，只能用whether；3.在whetherornot和whethertodo中whether不能换成if,Practicetime,if/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Idontknow_heiswellornot.3._wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.4.Ithasntbeendecided_weshallattendthemeeting.5.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togoortostayathome.,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,Pickuponenumberandfinishthetaskinit,thenyoucangetsomepoints.,GameTime!,1.Thesuggestion(that)shehasputforwardisverygood.2.Thesuggestionthatwecleantheclassroombyturnsisverygood.,判断：名词性从句定语从句,定语从句,名词性从句,10,1.IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.Thatis_Ihadafewdaysoff.-Theprojectwasturneddown.-Isthat_welackmoney?3.Tomdidntgotoschooltoday.Thereasonwas_hefellill.,用thatwhybecause填空,that,why,because,20,ThenewsthatLiuXiangwonthe110hurdlesBroughtChinesegreathappiness.,News,broughtChinesegreathappiness.,LiuXiang,the110hurdles,Makeasentence,30,1.Idoubt_hecanspeakEnglish.2.Idontdoubt_hecanspeakEnglish.,whether/if,that,10,Correctornot?,*Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaventbeenknownyet.,.beheldhasntbeenknownyet.,Payattention:主语从句的谓语用单数形式,10,判断：名词性从句定语从句,1.Thepossibilitythatyoureferredtodoesntexistatall.2.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.,名词性从句,定语从句,10,thecatdo,made,Whatthecatdidmadethebabycry.,What,cry,Makeasentence,30,1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet.2.Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,Jointwosentencesintoonenounclause,ThefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.,20,1.Thequestionis_thefilmisworthseeing.2._weshallattendthemeetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,用whetherif填空,whether,Whether,10,Translatethesentence,*_(他们很需要帮助)isquiteclear.,Thattheyarebadlyinneedofhelp,20,dontkonw,whatdo,wherego,Themandoesntknowwhereheshouldgoandwhatheshoulddo.,Makeasentence,30,1.DotheyspeakEnglish?2.Wewanttoknow,Jointwosentencesintoonenounclause,Wewanttoknowif/whethertheycanspeakEnglish.,20,Correctornot?,Payattention:在此宾语从句中，it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句,Ithinkitworthwhilethat.,*Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.,10,1.Thenews_wewonthecompetitionisveryencouraging.2.Ihavenoidea_hashappenedtohim.,用thatwhat填空,what,that,10,*Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.,Payattention:名词性从句的语序用陈述语序,Correctornot?,whenhewillgotothelibrary.,10,用that和what填空Hisfatherissatisfiedwith_hehasdone.Thereasonwas_Todhadneverseenthemillionpoundbank-note.,what,that,10,talkabout,theuseofcellphone,Whattheyaretalkingaboutistheuseofcellphone.,Makeasentence,30,*Ifwewillhaveameetinghasntbeendecidedyet.,Correctornot?,Whetherwewill.decidedyet.,Payattention:放在名词性从句句首，表示“是否”，只能用whether,不能用if,10,1.Theproblemhasbeensolved.2.Whyweresomanyareasfloodedduringtheheavystorm?,Jointwosentencesintoonenounclause,Theproblemwhysomanyareaswerefloodedduringtheheavystormhasbeensolved.,20,Translatethesentence,*Itisknowntous_(马克.吐温怎样成为一位伟大的作家).,howMarkTwainbecameagreatwriter,20,Correctornot?,Payattention:注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用！由demand