动词和短语动词PPT课件

.,1,动词和短语动词,.,2,一、及物动词与不及物动词常见的跟单宾语的及物动词主要有：accept,admire,admit,affect,afford,discover,educate,enjoy,explain,forget,guess,invent,love,post,raise等。,常见的跟双宾语的及物动词主要有：1.直、间接宾语易位需加to的动词：bring,give,hand,pass,post,promise,read,return,show,teach,tell,lend等。2.直、间接宾语易位需加for的动词：buy,choose,cook,draw,find,fetch,make,order,paint,purchase,save,spare等。3.既可加to，也可加for的动词：do,get,play,sing等。,常见的不及物动词主要有：ache,agree,apologize,appear,arrive,come,go,cry,dance,die,disappear,dream,exist,fall,flow,graduate,sit,stand,stay,wait,rise,lie,happen等。,二、延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词可用于完成时，与以下几种时间状语连用：for+段时间，since+点时间，since+一段时间+ago，since+从句（一般过去时）等。常见的这类动词有：have,possess,keep,know,learn,live,read,sleep,wait,work,look,hear,smell等。,终止性动词不可用于现在完成时，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，其否定形式多与until/till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until/till.”的句型，意为“直到才”。如：IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.,三、常见的短语动词有以下五种：1.动词+介词“动词+介词”构成的短语相当于一个及物动词，后面跟宾语。被动语态中，整个短语不可分开。这类短语动词常用的有：agreeon,burstinto,callon,consistof,dealwith,depend/relyon,dieof/from,dreamof,feellike,getinto,hearfrom,insiston,look/stare/glareat,preparefor,resultin,setabout等。,2.动词+副词1)用作及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有bringup,cutoff,figureout,putout,takedown,takeover,throwaway,turndown,turnover等。2)用作不及物动词。常用的这类短语动词有breakdown,dieaway,givein,goahead,hangon,runaway,standout,setoff,wakeup等。,3.动词+名词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catchsightof,comparenoteswith,declarewaron/upon,getridof,haveawordwith,makefunof,makeuseof,makepreparationsfor,payattentionto,takecareof,takeholdof,takeadvantageof,takechargeof等。,4.动词+副词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：catchupwith,comeupwith,datebackto,putupwith,goinfor,runoutof等。5.be+形容词+介词。这类短语动词常用的有：beaccustomed/usedto,beafraidof,bedevotedto,befondof,befamiliarwith,befamousfor,befit/suitablefor等。,.,12,动词及其词组的灵活运用是英语的特色，也是难点，每年均为重点。历年试题中动词所占的比例最大，设题时都是给出不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。考点主要包括：1.动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。,Ifsteelisheavierthanwater,whyareshipsableto_onthesea?【2015浙江】A.floatB.drownC.shrinkD.split,2.动词短语辨析。主要包括同根动词短语的辨析、同根介词或副词的动词短语辨析、不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析。在动词词组的测试中，绝大多数为基础动词，出现频率较高的词有：get,turn,make,put,go,give,break,cut,come,look,keep,bring,show,pick,hold,fall,carry,pull,catch,call,take等。,.,16,除了考查其基本含义辨析外，更注重动词(短语)的新义和引申义，如：polish抛光，磨光(本意)修正，文饰(引申);sniff嗅，闻(本意)鄙视地说(引申);breakdown发生故障，失灵，失效(本意)坍塌，崩溃，瓦解，中断，中止(引申);lookinto向里面看(本意)调查，研究(引申)，同时还有“浏览”之意；workout基本意思为“解决，算出，制订出”，还有“锻炼”的意思。,Bodylanguagecan_alotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.【2015浙江】takeawayB.throwawayC.putawayD.giveaway,3.考查无关联的动词辨析做这类试题时，应充分理解题干，然后结合各选项的词义，看哪个选项符合题意。Studieshaveshownthattherightandleftear_sounddifferently.【2015浙江】A.produceB.pronounceC.processD.download,4.考查动词搭配这类试题主要考查常见动词的固定搭配。See,yourcomputerhasbrokendownagain!Itdoesnt_sensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.【2015天津】haveB.makeC.displayD.bring,.,20,.,21,1.WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahas_(heldout/broughtout/pickedout)thebestinherasadoctor.(江苏2017)2.Aquickreviewofsuccessesandfailuresattheendofyearwillhelp_(shape/switch/sharpen)youryearahead.(江苏2017),broughtout,shape,3.Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutfinallyshe_(gavevoiceto/keptaneyeon/setfooton)heropiniononthesubject.（天津2016）,gavevoiceto,4.Imgoingto_(put/make/take)advantageofthistourtoexplorethehistoryofthecastle.（天津2016）5.IhateitwhenshecallsmeatworkImalwaystoobusyto_(carryon/breakinto/turndown)aconversationwithher.（天津2016）,carryon,take,.,24,I.选用方框内合适的短语动词并用其正确形式填空(每个短语动词限用一次)。,1.Johnisabitofanexpertwhenit_computers.2.Sally_anoldfriendofhersyesterdaywhileshewasshopping.,comesto,cameacross,3.Wewereunableto_theequipmentyoushippedtous.4.Somepracticalexperiments_byMayointheearly1930sproducedinterestingresults.5.Manyworkingwomen_relativestohelptakecareoftheirchildrennowadays.,relyon,makeuseof,carriedout,6.Whentheapplausehad_,shebeganherspeech.7.She_FrenchwhenshewasinParis.Nowshecanspeakitfreely.8.Allthoseweeksofstudyingwill_whenyoutaketheexam.,payoff,dieddown,pickedup,9.Wellhaveto_howmuchfoodwellneedfortheparty.10.ItriedcallingyouseveraltimesbutIcouldnt_.,getthrough,workout,.,29,III.选用方框内合适的内容完成下面短文(每项限用一次)。,exist,mentioned,occurs,produced,seeking,spreading,lookinginto,lookup,putforward,putupwith,takesaway,wipedout,Asthma(哮喘)isadiseasewhich1._thebreath.ItdoesthisregularlytooverthreemillionsufferersinBritain,anditisontheincreaseallover,takesaway,.,30,exist,mentioned,occurs,produced,seeking,spreading,lookinginto,lookup,putforward,putupwith,takesaway,wipedout,theworld.Itcanbebroughtonbychestinfections,theweather,cigarettesmokeandcommonallergies(forexample,toanimalfur).Ifyou2._theterminadictionary,theusualdefinitiongivenis“arespiratorydisorder”.Butnobodyknows,lookup,.,31,exist,mentioned,occurs,produced,seeking,spreading,lookinginto,lookup,putforward,putupwith,takesaway,wipedout,exactlywhyasthma3._.Scientistshaveputinyearsofresearch4._thepossiblecausesofasthma,buthave5._noconclusiveresults.TheAncientGreeks,Egyptians,ChineseandIndiansall6._asthmaintheirwritings,and7._suggestionsfor,produced,occurs,lookinginto,putforward,mentioned,.,32,exist,mentioned,occurs,produced,seeking,spreading,lookinginto,lookup,putforward,putupwith,takesaway,wipedout,treatment.Researchersthesedaysarelookingatdifferentgroupsofasthmapatientsandtheysaythatthediseaseis8._,eventoareaswherepreviouslyitdidnot9._.Fortunately,asthmaistreatable,butexpertsstillneedtofindamethodofprevention.Whiletheyare