阅读及听力四选一讲座学生稿.ppt

四选一,阅读,正确理解事实细节词汇的理解理解文章意义归纳文章主题思想得出结论判断作者态度,构词知识,前缀+词根：inter(中间)+veneintervene(介入)词根+后缀：circl(圆)+let(小)circlet(小环)词根+词根：tele(远)+scope(镜)telescope(望远镜)前缀+词根+后缀：in(不)+aud(听)+ible(可)inaudible(听不见)双前缀+词根：re(再)+dis(取下)+cover(盖)rediscover(再发现)词根+双后缀：care(用心)+less(不)+ly(地)carelessly(不小心地)前缀+双词根：tri(三)+gono(角)+metry(测量)trigonometry(三角几何)双词根+后缀：biblio(书)+phil(爱)+ist(人)bibliophilist(书籍爱好者)双前缀+词根+后缀：ir(不)+re(反对)+sist(站)+ibleirresistible(不可抵抗的)前缀+词根+双后缀：se(离)+greg(群)+ation+istsegregationist(种族隔离主义者)双前缀+词根+双后缀：un(不)+pre(先)+ced(走)+ent+edunprecedented(史无前例的),上下文线索,同义定义：is/are(called)，means，canbedefinedas，referto，is/areknownas，signify等；标点符号，如，()等；同位语形式或连词or近义复述反义对照搭配集合利用词与词的搭配或该词所出现的语境比较举例上下文中的比较和举例因果时间因与果、时间的先与后常识,examples,Foodfallaciesrefertobeliefsaboutfoodthatarenottrue.Multiplexingtransmittingindependentsignalsatthesametimeinthesamechannelincreasestheefficiencyofradiochannels.Nervecellsevidentlyfirstappearedincoelenterates,“hollowgutted”organismslikehydraandtheseaanemone.Intelligentbehaviorremainedimpossibleuntiltheappearanceofrelativelybig，complextypesofbrainthetypeswefindamongthevertebrates，orbackbonedanimals.,examples,Mr.andMrs.Firthhadalongcourtship.Theydatedfornineyearsbeforetheygotmarried.Althoughheoftenhadtheopportunity，Mr.Trittneverstolemoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldhaveendangeredhispositionatthebank，andhedidnotwanttojeopardizehisfuture.Chimpanzeesinthewildusesimpleobjectsastools，butinlaboratorysituationstheycanusemoresophisticateditems.Mostdentists-officesaredrabplaces，whileEmiliosnewofficeisabright，cheerfulplace.,examples,Peoplegatheredtolook.Threefinestreamsofhotwatersproutedfromholesinthejacket(套，壳)oftheradiator.Amaniswateringhislawnjustasanattractive，welldressedgirlwalkedby.Asheoglesher，heaccidentallyturnsthehoseonhisugly，dowdywife.Theconsequencesofepochaleventssuchaswarsandgreatscientificdiscoveriesarenotconfinedtoasmallgeographicalarea.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.,examples,Robertisconsideredperemptoryadministratorbecausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers.WhenMarkwasinpedanticmood，heassumedthemannerofafamousprofessorandgavelonglecturesonboring,insignificanttopics.Anapplefallsdowninsteadofupbecauseofgravity.AnatomicclockissoprecisethatitcanbeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinsteinsrelativitytheories.,预测-主题句、关联词语,Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindness.YetYet，darkglassesornot，theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes，andevensnowblindness，whenexposedtoseveralhoursof“snowlight”.,TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Rather，amanseyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofocusoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchofsomethingtolookat.Findingnothinghourafterhour，theeyesneverstopsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandmorefluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs，thenisobscured，andtheresultistotal，eventhoughtemporary，snowblindness.,判断,文章内容的正误个别词语的大意上下文进行预测性判断通过判断得出结论对作者语气态度、思想倾向等作出判断,examples,Shehasawideinterestandisanomnivorousreader.Lazinessisasin,everyoneknowsthat.NeverthelessA)lazinesscanactuallybehelpfulB)lazinessisasignofmentalillnessC)lazinessisimmoralandwastefulD)youmustbecarefulwhenyouseesomeonelazy,examples,Whichofthefollowingstatementswaswrittenbysomeonewhopreferssmallcarstolargeones?A)Theirexcellentgasmileageandeventheirimprovedinteriordesignnotwithstanding，todayscompactcarssimplyfailtoprovidethefeelatraditionalmotoristyearnsfor.B)Theylacksomeofthesizeandeventhecharacterofthefull-sizedautoswewereaccustomedto;buttodayscompactsmorethanmakeupforthiswiththeirexcellentgasmileage.,归纳,句子的归纳段落大意的归纳短文主题的归纳,归纳-句子的归纳,A)Microwaveovenshaveeliminatedmanyoftheinconveniencespreviouslyassociatedwiththepreparationofmeals.B)Manyfoodscangodirectlyfromthefreezertothemicrowaveovenwithoutbeingdefrosted.C)Manymicrowaveovenscanbepre-settocookfoodwhileyouareawayfromthekitchen.D)Themicrowaveovenhasgreatlyreducedtheamountoftimeittakestocookameal.,归纳-段落大意的归纳,AlthoughmostuniversitiesintheUnitedStatesarerunonasemestersystem,whichoffersclassesinthefallandspring,someschoolsobserveaquartersystemcomprisedoffall,winter,spring,andsummerquarters.Theacademicyear,SeptembertoJune,isdividedintothreequartersofelevenweekseachbeginninginSeptember,January,andMarch,thesummerquarter,JunetoAugustiscomposedofshortersessionsofvaryinglength.Studentsmaytakeadvantageoftheopportunitytostudyyeararoundbyenrollinginallfourquarters,Moststudentsbegintheirprogramsinthefallquarter,buttheymayenteratthebeginningofanyoftheotherquarters.A)UniversitiesintheUnitedStatesB)TheAcademicYearC)TheQuarterSystemD)TheSemesterSystem,主题的归纳,Proponentsoffather-attendedchildbirthassertthatthefathersexperienceencourageshimtodevelopacloserbondwithhischildAsafatherofthreeteenagersfromapreviousmarriage,onemancomparedhispastexperienceasanewfathertobeinginthedeliveryroomduringthebirthofhisnewborndaughterWomenreportthattheyaremuchlessanxiousandmoreawareofwhatisgoingonwhentheirhusbandsarewiththemwhentheygivebirthA)TheFather-DaughterRelationshipB)BabysFirstViewofLifeC)DadintheDeliveryRoom,推理,正确的推理要求：忠于原文，切忌用自己的观点取代作者原意；注意作者遣词造句的特点和倾向，客观推测作者立场、观点和写作意图；由同一已知事实可推出不止一个正确的结论,推理,Apartfromtheobviousfactthatrioterstendtocomefromthelesswell-offsectionofthecommunity,thereisnoevidencethateconomiccircumstanceshaveanycausalrelationshipwithstreetviolence.A)Thereissomeevidenceforrelatingeconomiccircumstancestostreetviolence.B)Notallthepeopleinthecommunityreferredtoarepoor.C)Thereisnoevidencethateconomiccircumstancesresultfromstreetviloence.D)Allrioterscomefromthepoorersectionofthecommunity.,Vocabularyquestions,Accordingtotheauthor,theword“”means_.Theword“”mostprobablymeans_.Theword“”refersto_.Asusedintheline“”,theword“”refersto_.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“”?Thephrase“”isclosestinmeaningto_.Theterm“”inparagraph“”canbebestreplacedby_.Whatsthemeaningof“”inlineofparagraph?Thestatement“”probablymeans_.,Topicquestionsaskyouwhatthepassageisgenerallyabout,thetypicalquestionformsare:,whatisthetopic/subject/titleofthispassage?Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?Themaintopic/subject/titlepfthispassageisThepassageisprimarilyconcernedwithAgoodtitleforthispassageis/wouldbe,Mainideaquestionformsare:,whatisthemainidea/pointofthispassage?Whatistheauthorsmainpoint?Themainidea/pointofthepassageisWhichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthorsmainidea?Thepassageismainly/chieflyabout_.Thepassagemainlydiscusses_.Thepassagetellsusthat_.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat_.Whatsthepassagemainlyabout?Whatstheauthorsmainconcern?Whatdowelearnfromparagraph?Welearnfromparagraphthat_.Whatdowelearnfromparagraph?Welearnfromparagraphthat_.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe_.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?Theauthorspurposeinwritingthepassageis_.Whatstheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassage?Thepurposeofthewriter(author)is_.,Mainpurposequestionsaskwhyanauthorwroteapassage.Theanswerchoicesforthesequestionsusuallybeginwithinfinitives:,TheauthorspurposeinwritingistoWhatistheauthorsmainpurposeinthepassage?Whydidtheauthorwritethepassage?ThemainpointofthispassageistoSampleanswerchoices:Todefine/relate/discuss/propose/illustrate/supporttheideathat/distinguishbetweenand/compareand,DetailQuestionforms(I):,Who/what/when/where/how?Howmany/much?Whichofthefollowingisthereasonfor?Onwhatisthebased?Accordingtothepassage/author,?Whatdoweknowabout?Whatissaidabout?Whatdoestheauthorsayabout?Thereasonwhyisthat_.Theauthorusestheexampleoftoshowthat_.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?,DetailQuestionforms(II):,Whatdoweknowabout?Whatissaidabout?Whatdoestheauthorsayabout?Thereasonwhyisthat_.Theauthorusestheexampleoftoshowthat_.Whichofthefollowingistrueabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassage?,Inferencequestionforms(I):,Whichofthefollowing/whatcanbeinferred?ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatTheauthorimpliesthatWhichofthefollowingdoesthepassageimply?TheauthorsuggeststhatItisprobablethatItmaybeconcludedfromthepassagethatThepassageimplies,butdoesnotdirectlystatethatWhatwouldthenextparagraphprobablydiscuss?,Inferencequestionforms(II):,Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_.Itmaybeinferredformthepassagethat_.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat_.Thispassageismostprobablytakenfromanarticleentitled“_”.,Referencequestionsaskwhatnoun,apronounorsomeotherexpressionrefersto.,Theword“it”/”they”/”ones”inline4refersto.?Inline8,theword“”standsforTheword“one”wouldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowingwords?,Attitudeandtonequestionforms:,agree/disagree,approve/disapprove,support/oppose,praise/criticize,satirize/amuse.Accordingtotheauthor_.Theauthorsattitudetowardsis_.Theauthorthinks/believes/suggests/arguesthat_.Thetoneofthepassagecanbebestdescribedas_.Whatisthetone/moodofthepassage?,Usefuladjectives,Adjectivesexpressingpositivesense/meaning:Approving/humorous/sympathetic/informative/polite/optimistic/instructive/positive/supportiveAdjectivesexpressingnegativesense/meaning:Criticizing/subjective/doubtful/negative/arbitrary/questioning/sarcastic/ironical/pessimistic/criticalAdjectivesexpressingneutralsense/meaning:Neutral/detached/indifferent/tolerant/objective/cautious,Attitudequestions(II),Positive;negativeApproval;disapprovalOptimistic;pessimisticObjective;subjectiveImpartial;partialNeutral;prejudicedEnthusiastic;disgustedAdmiring;bitter,Attitudequestions(I),Supportive;arbitrary;concerned;Suspicious;cautious;doubtful;uncertain;critical;sober;sarcastic;Serious;ironic;indifferent;Cynical;impassive;depressed,Attitudequestions(II),Whatstheauthorsattitudetoward?Theauthorsattitudetowardscouldbedescribedas_.Theauthorstoneinthepassageis_.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthorstoneinthispassage?Whatsthetoneofthepassage?,概括题,Whatsthepassagema