论语三十而立翻译.ppt

【论语范例之四】,子曰：“吾十有五而志于学，三十而立，四十而不惑，五十而知天命，六十而耳顺，七十而从心所欲，不逾矩。”本段今译：孔子说：“我十五岁立志学习；三十岁立身处世站稳了脚跟；四十岁时明白各种事理而不迷惑；五十岁时懂得天命；六十岁时对别人的话能辨别是非曲直；七十岁时能随心所欲而不越出规矩。”,【概述】,这是论语“为政篇第二”中的第四篇。本篇概括了孔子一生不断追求“仁”所达到的各种境界。中外思想家能象孔子这样简明扼要地总结毕生历程者，似甚罕见。后人常用此指人生的各个阶段。本篇翻译的难点是如何正确理解“而立”、“不惑”、“知天命”、“耳顺”、“从心所欲，不逾矩”等关键词。一百多年前辜鸿铭先生把“天命”译作thetruthinreligion(宗教的真谛)，这种译法的实际效果等于把孔子当作宗教师祖向国外介绍，似乎不符合原意。,【翻译要点评析】,1.“吾十有五而志于学”，“有”是连词，加在整数和零数之间。可不译出，“十有五”意即十五岁。“而”：此段中的六个“而”都是连词，表示时间at。“志”：立志。“于”：是介词，相当于“在方面”。“志于学”setmymindonlearning;madeupmymindtostudy。,【翻译要点评析】,2.“三十而立”，对于“立”，有两种理解，王福林认为孔子的本意是“立于礼”，即“一切按礼办事”故译成actedontheproprieties。而其他中外译者都理解为“在社会上立身出世站稳了脚跟”，故有译文stoodfirm;plantedmyfeetfirmupontheground;havebeenwellestablished等。在当代中国人心目中对“而立之年”的理解都与后者相同。,【翻译要点评析】,3.“四十而不惑”，“不惑”：明白各种事理而不迷惑wasnolongerperplexed;haveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;hadnodoubts。王福林先生则从孔子的“仁礼观”出发，认为“不惑”就是“不惑于仁”，亦即能辨明仁与不仁couldmakecleardistinctionbetweenbenevolence(仁慈，善行)andnon-benevolence(不仁)。,【翻译要点评析】,4.“五十而知天命”，王福林认为“天命”是客观必然性，是指道德修养中的一种很高的境界，把“知天命”译为Icametoknowtheexistenceoftheheavenlyprinciples。赖波认为，“知天命”就是“知道上天赋予自己的使命Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty。其他的译者则把“天命”译作thedecreeofHeaven;thewillofHeaven等。5.“六十而而顺”，“而顺”：对别人的话能辨别是非曲直havebeenabletodistinguishrightandwrongonotherpeopleswords。王福林则译为theheavenlyprincipleswerenotoffensivetomyears。,【翻译要点评析】,6.“七十而从心所欲”，“从”：跟从，依从。“所欲”：是“所字短语”，意即“想要的事物”。“从心所欲”意即“心里怎么想就怎么做coulddowhateverIwished;couldfollowwhatmyheartdesired。7.“不逾矩”，“逾”：逾越gobeyond;overstep。“矩”：规矩norms;rules;whatwasright。王福林解释为“天命的范围”theheavenlyprinciples。美国诗人庞德则把“矩”译成T-square（丁字尺），很形象，但不符合实际，因为孔子时代还没有发明丁字尺。,【六种不同的译文】,1.理译：TheMastersaid:“Atfifteen,Ihadmymindbentonlearning.Atthirty,Istoodfirm.Atforty,Ihadnodoubts.Atfifty,IknowthedecreesofHeaven.Atsixty,myearwasanobedientorganforthereceptionoftruth.Atseventy,Icouldfollowwhatmyheartdesired,withouttransgressingwhatwasright.”,【六种不同的译文】,2.威译：TheMastersaid,AtfifteenIsetmyheartuponlearning.Atthirty,Ihadplantedmyfeetfirmupontheground.Atforty,Inolongersufferedfromperplexities.Atfifty,IknewwhatwerethebiddingsofHeaven.Atsixty,Iheardthemwithdocileear.Atseventy,Icouldfollowthedictatesofmyownheart;forwhatIdesirednolongeroversteppedtheboundariesofright.,【六种不同的译文】,3.王译：Confuciussaid:“AtfifteenIsetmymindonlearning.AtthirtyIactedontheproprieties.AtfortyIcouldmakeacleardistinctionbetweenbenevolenceandnon-benevolence.AtfiftyIcametoknowtheexistenceoftheheavenlyprinciples.Atsixty,theheavenlyprincipleswerenotoffensivetomyears.AtseventyIcoulddowhateverIwishedtowithoutgoingbeyondtheheavenlyprinciples.”,【六种不同的译文】,4.赖译：Confuciussaid:“Sincetheageof15,Ihavedevotedmyselftolearning;since30,Ihavebeenwellestablished;since40,Ihaveunderstoodmanythingsandhavenolongerbeenconfused;since50,Ihaveknownmyheaven-sentduty;since60,Ihavebeenabletodistinguishrightandwrongonotherpeopleswords;andsince70,IhavebeenabletodowhatIintendfreelywithoutbreakingtherules.”,【六种不同的译文】,5.潘译：TheMastersaid,“AtfifteenIsetmyheartonlearning.AtthirtyIcouldstandfirm.AtfortyIhadnodoubts.AtfiftyIknewtheDecreeofHeaven.AtsixtyIwasalreadyobedient(tothisdecree).AtseventyIcouldfollowthedesireofmymindwithoutoversteppingtheboundaries(ofwhatisright).”,【六种不同的译文】,6.丁译：Confuciussaid,“AtfifteenImadeupmymindtostudy;atthirtyIwasestablished;atfortyI