有限合伙制私募股权基金五：税务分析与规划外资

1,1,外资有限合伙企业税务分析与规划ForeignInvestedLiabilityPartnershipEnterprisesTaxationAnalysisandPlanning通力律师事务所LlinksLawOffices2010年1月January2010,CCH外资合伙企业研讨会InvestinginPartnershipsinChina2010,2,目录TableofContent,备受关注的外资有限合伙外资进入中国内地的新篇章ForeignInvestedLimitedPartnershipEnterprises(“FILPEs”)-AnewchapterforforeigninvestmentinMainlandChina合伙企业在中国内地要缴纳什么税?HowisapartnershiptaxedinMainlandChina?现行合伙企业所得税主要规定Currentmajorincometaxrulesonapartnership有限合伙所得税政策的地方实践LocalpracticesonincometaxesonLPEs外资有限合伙架构下的所得税分析AnalysisonincometaxesunderthestructureofaFILPE地方税收政策以及财政扶持的性质界定Natureoflocaltaxpoliciesandfinancialsubsidies外资有限合伙典型案例CasestudyonatypicalFILPEstructure,3,备受关注的外资有限合伙外资进入中国内地的新篇章FILPEsANewChapterforForeignInvestmentinMainlandChina,4,备受关注的外资有限合伙外资进入中国内地的新篇章(续)FILPEANewChapterforForeignInvestmentinMainlandChina(Contd),*:现行合伙企业的税收法规主要适用于个人合伙人,对于合伙人是法人和其他组织的则只规定缴纳企业所得税,但未明确如何计算。Currenttaxrulesregardingpartnershipenterprisesmainlyfocusesonindividualpartners.ItisonlystipulatedthatapartnerwhoislegalpersonorotherorganizationissubjecttoCIT.However,therelacksdetailedrulesonhowtoassesstheCIT.*:对于对外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立能否设立以投资为主要业务的合伙企业暂未有明确规定。ItisstillnotclearwhetheraforeignenterpriseorindividualmayestablishinChinaaLPEthatismainlyengagedininvestmentbusiness.*:可以适用协定税率。Mayapplyfortreatypreferentialtreatments.,5,合伙企业在中国内地要缴纳什么税?HowisaPartnershipTaxedinMainlandChina?,营业税BusinessTax(“BT”)增值税Value-addedTax(“VAT”),土地使用税LandUseTax房产税RealEstateTax,合伙企业不是所得税的纳税主体Partnershipisnotaincometaxpayer“先分后税”,即合伙人各自纳税“Allocatingbeforetaxing”,i.e.incometaxespaidbypartners,财产税PropertyTaxes,流转税TurnoverTaxes,所得税IncomeTaxes,结论：合伙企业与其他组织税收上的区别主要体现于所得税方面Conclusion:Incometaxrulesonpartnershipdifferfromothercategoriesoforganizations,6,现行合伙企业所得税主要规定CurrentMajorIncomeTaxesRulesonaPartnership,个人所得税IIT(IndividualIncomeTax),企业所得税CIT(CorporateIncomeTax),关于合伙企业合伙人所得税问题的通知(财税2008159号)Caishui2008No.159关于调整个体工商户个人独资企业和合伙企业个人所得税税前扣除标准有关问题的通知(财税200865号)Caishui2008No.65关于关于个人独资企业和合伙企业投资者征收个人所得税的规定执行口径的通知(国税函200184号)Guoshuihan2001No.84关于个人独资企业和合伙企业投资者征收个人所得税的规定(财税200091号)Caishui2000No.91),关于合伙企业合伙人所得税问题的通知(财税2008159号)Caishui2008No.159),7,现行税法下有限合伙所得税处理IncomeTaxesTreatmentsofaLPEundertheCurrentTaxRegime,基本原则Principles“先分后税”的原则Allocatingbeforetaxing合伙企业以每一个合伙人为纳税义务人Incometaxpaidbypartnerofthepartnershipenterprise适用税率ApplicableTaxRates合伙企业合伙人是自然人的,缴纳个人所得税IITpaidbyindividualpartners-生产经营所得比照“个体工商户的生产经营所得”计征个人所得税(5%-35%)Operatingincomesaretaxedat5%-35%,withreferencetothoseon“incomefromproduction,operationderivedbyindustrialandcommercialhouseholds”-通过合伙企业对外投资分回利息、股息比照“利息、股息、红利”计征个人所得税(20%)Interestsanddividendsobtainedfromtheinvestedentitythroughthepartnershiparetaxedat20%合伙人是法人和其他组织的,缴纳企业所得税(25%)CITpaidbypartnerswithlegal-personstatusorotherorganizations(25%),8,现行税法下有限合伙所得税处理(续)IncomeTaxesTreatmentsofaLPEundertheCurrentTaxRegime(Contd),应纳税所得额的计算Calculationoftaxableincome=收入总额成本/费用损失=TotalincomeCosts/ExpensesLoss年度亏损可以在五年内弥补Lossesmaybecarriedforwardfor5years合伙人应纳个人所得税税款,按年计算,分月或者分季预缴年度终了后3个月内汇算清缴IITpayablebyeachpartnershallbecalculatedonannualbasisandpaidonamonthlyorquarterlybasis.Finalsettlementshallbemadewithinthreemonthsaftertheendofeachtaxyear.,9,现行税法下有限合伙所得税处理(续)IncomeTaxesTreatmentsofaLPEundertheCurrentTaxRegime(Contd),现行税法下有限合伙所得税处理主要问题现行合伙企业税制落后于合伙企业发展MajorissuesonprevailingtaxregimesofaLPEcurrentlytaxlegislationonpartnershipsisbehindthedevelopmentofpartnership仅适用于民事合伙onlyapplicabletocivilpartnerships集中于个人mainlyfocusonindividuals没有充分考虑到有限合伙组织形式didnotcomprehensivelyconsidertheLPEstructure没有考虑到外资进入问题didnotconsidertheforeigninvestmentinpartnershipstructure展望：随着越来越多的企业采用合伙企业组织形式,各地在此方面可能会制定一些更为明确的法律规定Withmoreandmoreenterprisesestablishedintheformofpartnerships,morerelatedregulationsandruleswillbeissuedinthisregard,10,有限合伙所得税政策的地方实践上海LocalPracticesonIncomeTaxesonLPEsShanghai,适用对象：股权投资企业和股权投资管理企业Applicableentities:EquityInvestmentEnterprisesandEquityInvestmentManagementEnterprises地方政策Localpolicies执行有限合伙企业合伙事务的自然人普通合伙人,按“个体工商户的生产经营所得”应税项目,适用5%-35%的五级超额累进税率,计征个人所得税AnindividualwhoactsasaGeneralPartner(“GP”)ofLPEshouldbesubjecttoIITas“incomefromproduction,operationderivedbyindustrialandcommercialhouseholds”,theapplicableprogressiveratesarefrom5%to35%不执行有限合伙企业合伙事务的自然人有限合伙人,其从有限合伙企业取得的股权投资收益,按“利息、股息、红利所得”项目计征20%个人所得税AnindividualwhoactsasaLimitedPartner(“LP”)ofLPEshouldbesubjecttoIITas“interestsanddividendsincome”,theapplicableIITrateis20%,11,有限合伙所得税政策的地方实践上海(续)LocalPracticesonIncomeTaxesonLPEsShanghai(Contd),注：上述政策执行到2010年12月31日止,且可能根据企业有所不同Note:Theabovepoliciesaretobeimplementedtill31Dec2010,mayvaryamongenterprises,12,有限合伙所得税政策的地方实践北京LocalPracticesonIncomeTaxesonLPEsBeijing,适用对象：股权投资基金和股权投资管理企业Applicableentities:EquityInvestmentFundsandEquityInvestmentManagementEnterprises地方政策Localpolicies合伙制股权基金中个人合伙人取得收益,按照“利息、股息、红利所得”或“财产转让所得”项目征收20%个人所得税IncomederivedbyanindividualLPshallbetaxedas“interestsanddividendsincome”or“propertytransferincome”合伙制股权基金从被投资企业获得的股息、红利等投资性收益,属于已缴纳企业所得税的税后收益,该收益可按照合伙协议约定直接分配给法人合伙人,其企业所得税按有关政策执行Whereinvestmentprofitsuchasdividendincomederivedbyapartnershipandissubsequentlydistributedtoalegalpersonpartnerpursuanttopartnershipagreement,theinvestmentincomeisregardedasafter-taxprofitandtaxedinaccordancewithCITregimes,13,有限合伙所得税政策的地方实践北京(续)LocalPracticesonIncomeTaxesonLPEsBeijing(Contd),注：上述政策执行到2013年1月1日止,且可能根据企业有所不同。Note:Theabovepoliciesaretobeimplementedtill1Jan2013,mayvaryamongenterprises,14,有限合伙所得税政策的地方实践天津LocalPracticesonIncomeTaxesonLPEsTianjin,适用对象：有限合伙企业Applicableentity:LPEs税收政策Localpolicies合伙人是法人和其他组织的,按有关政策规定缴纳企业所得税Partnerwithlegal-personstatusshallpayCIT不参与执行业务的有限合伙自然人取得的股权投资收益,按“利息、股息、红利所得”计征20%个人所得税,在有限合伙企业注册地税务机构缴纳IncomederivedbyanindividualwhodoesnotactasamanagingpartnerofLPEshallbesubjecttoIITas“Incomeofinterestanddividend”withataxrateof20%.TheIITshouldbesettledwiththetaxauthorityin-chargeofthepartnership自然人普通合伙人,既执行合伙业务又为基金的出资人的,取得的所得能划分清楚时,对其中的投资收益或股权转让收益部分,税率适用20%AnindividualGPwhoisalsoinvestormaypay20%ontheinvestmentincomeandsharetransfergain,totheextentthatsuchincomeisclearlyidentified法人合伙人分得的生产经营所得和其他所得,可在合伙企业注册地地税局缴纳企业所得税;或到法人合伙人投资者所在地缴纳企业所得税Alegalpersonmaychoosetosettletaxesonoperatingandotherincomewiththetaxauthoritywherethepartnershipisregistered,orwiththetaxauthorityofwherethepartnerislocated.,15,有限合伙所得税政策的地方实践天津(续)LocalPracticesonIncomeTaxesonLPEsTianjin(Contd),注：上述政策执行到2012年12月31日止,且可能根据企业有所不同Note:Theabovepoliciesaretobeimplementedtill31Dec2012,mayvaryamongenterprises,16,有限合伙所得税政策各地实践汇总SummaryofLocalPracticesonIncomeTaxesonLPEs,17,有限合伙所得税政策各地实践汇总(续)SummaryofLocalPracticesonIncomeTaxesonLPEs(Contd),18,外资有限合伙架构下的所得税分析AnalysisonIncomeTaxundertheStructureofaFILPE,外国企业合伙人如何在中国内地纳税?HowdoesaforeignenterprisepartnerpaytaxinChina?企业所得税?CIT?预提所得税?WHT?外国企业合伙人来源于合伙企业所得有哪些?Whatkindofincomeswillbederivedbyaforeignenterprisepartner?生产经营所得(营业收入)?Operatingincome?投资收益(利息、股息、红利)?Investmentincome(interestsanddividends)?出资转让所得?Capitalgainontransferofinvestment?该外国企业合伙人是否在中国有常设机构?DoestheforeignenterprisepartnerconstituteaPermanentEstablishment(“PE”)inChina?税收协定关于常设机构的概念DefinitionofaPEunderTreaties企业进行全部或部分营业的固定场所Fixedplaceofbusinessthroughwhichthebusinessofanenterpriseiswhollyorpartlycarriedon.缔约国一方企业通过雇员或其他人员,在缔约国另一方为同一项目或相关联的项目提供劳务,包括咨询劳务,仅以在任何十二个月(或一个公历年度)中连续或累计超过六个月的为限。Thefurnishingofservices,includingconsultancyservices,byanenterprisethroughemployeesorotherpersonnelengagedforsuchpurpose,butonlyifactivitiesofthatnaturecontinue(forthesameoraconnectedproject)withinaContractingStateforaperiodorperiodsaggregatingmorethan183dayswithinanytwelvemonthperiod.,19,外资有限合伙架构下的所得税分析AnalysisonIncomeTaxesUndertheStructureofaFILPE(Contd),外国个人合伙人如何在中国内地纳税?HowdoesaforeignindividualpartnerpayincometaxesinChina?合伙企业合伙人是自然人的,缴纳个人所得税IndividualpartnerpaysIIT-生产经营所得比照“个体工商户的生产经营所得”计征个人所得税(5%-35%)Operatingincomearetaxedat5%-35%,withreferencetothoseon“incomefromproduction,operationderivedbyindustrialandcommercialhouseholds”-通过合伙企业对外投资分回利息、股息比照“利息、股息、红利”计征个人所得税(20%)Interestsanddividendsobtainedfromtheinvestedentitythroughthepartnershiparetaxedat20%,20,外资有限合伙架构下的所得税分析AnalysisonIncomeTaxesUndertheStructureofaFILPE(Contd),*:现行合伙企业的税收法规主要适用于个人合伙人,对于合伙人是法人和其他组织的则只规定缴纳企业所得税,但未明确如何计算。Currenttaxrulesregardingpartnershipenterprisesmainlyfocusesonindividualpartners.Itisonlystipulatedthatapartner,whoislegalpersonorotherorganization,issubjecttoCIT.However,therelacksofdetailedrulesonhowtoassesstheCIT.*:对于对外国企业或者个人在中国境内设立能否设立以投资为主要业务的合伙企业暂未有明确规定。ItisstillnotclearwhetheraforeignenterpriseorindividualmayestablishinChinaaLPEthatismainlyengagedininvestmentbusiness.*:可以适用协定税率。Mayapplyfortreatypreferentialtreatments.,21,地方税收政策以及财政扶持的性质界定NatureofLocalTaxPoliciesandFinancialSubsidies,中央税,指征税收入全部属于中央财政的税收。如关税、海关代征的增值税、消费税、中央企业的所得税等CentralTaxmeanstaxesofwhichtherevenuefullyflowstothecentralgovernment,suchascustomsduty,VATcollectedbycustoms,consumptiontaxandCIToncentralenterprises,etc地方税,指征税收入全部属于地方财政的税收。如营业税、土地增值税、城镇土地使用税、房产税等LocalTaxmeanstaxesofwhichtherevenuefullyflowstolocalgovernments,suchasBT,landappreciationtax,urbanlandusetax,etc中央和地方共享税,指征税收入部分属于中央财政、部分属于地方财政的税收。如企业所得税(中央60%,地方40%)、个人所得税(中央60%,地方40%)、增值税(中央75%,地方25%)等SharedTaxmeanstaxesofwhichtherevenueshouldbeallocatedbetweenthecentralandlocalgovernments,suchasCIT(CentralGovernment:60%,LocalGovernment:40%),IIT(CentralGovernment:60%,LocalGovernment:40%),VAT(CentralGovernment:75%,LocalGovernment:25%),etc从目前的税收实践看,适用地方财政返还、地方财政扶持政策的主要为增值税、营业税、企业所得税和个人所得税Inpractice,themajortaxesrevenuerelatedtolocalfinancialsubsidiesareVAT,BT,CITandIIT,22,地方税收政策以及财政扶持的性质界定(续)NatureofLocalTaxPoliciesandFinancialSubsidies(Contd),企业所得税法“CITLaw”第二十九条民族自治地方的自治机关对本民族自治地方的企业应缴纳的企业所得税中属于地方分享的部分,可以决定减征或者免征。自治州、自治县决定减征或者免征的,须报省、自治区、直辖市人民政府批准。Article29TheautonomousauthorityofethnicautonomouslocalitymaydecideonthereductionorexemptionoftheportionofCITsharedbythelocalitythatshallbepaidbyEnterprisesoftheethnicautonomouslocality.Whereanautonomousprefectureorautonomouscountydecidesonthereductionorexemption,theymustreporttothepeoplesgovernmentofprovince,autonomousregionormunicipalitydirectlyunderthecentralgovernmentforapproval.第三十五条本法规定的税收优惠的具体办法,由国务院规定。Article35ThespecificmeasuresofpreferentialtaxtreatmentsprescribedbythisLawshallbeformulatedbytheStateCouncil.第三十六条根据国民经济和社会发展的需要,或者由于突发事件等原因对企业经营活动产生重大影响的,国务院可以制定企业所得税专项优惠政策,报全国人民代表大会常务委员会备案。Article36WherethereisasignificantimpactonthebusinessactivitiesofEnterprisespursuanttotheneedsofnationaleconomyandsocialdevelopment,orduetounexpectedpublicincidents,theStateCouncilmayformulatethepreferentialpolicyofCITandreporttotheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoplesCongressfortherecord.,23,地方税收政策以及财政扶持的性质界定(续)NatureofLocalTaxPoliciesandFinancialSubsidies(Contd),税收征收管理法“TaxCollectionandAdministrationLaw”第三条税收的开征、停征以及减税、免税、退税、补税,依照法律的法规执行,法律授权国务院法规的,依照国务院制定的行政法规的法规执行。任何机关、单位和个人不得违反法律、行政法规的法规,擅自作出税收开征、停征以及减税、免税、退税、补税的决定。Article3Thecollectionoftaxesorthecessationthereof,thereduction,exemptionandrefundoftaxesaswellasthepaymentoftaxesunderpaidshallbeimplementedinaccordancewiththelawortherelevantprovisionsstipulatedunderadministrativeregulationsformulatedbytheStateCouncil,providedthattheStateCouncilisauthorizedbythelawtoformulatetherelevantprovisions.Nogovernmentalorgans,entitiesorindividualsmaybepermittedto,inviolationofthelawortheadministrativeregulations,makedecisionswithoutauthorizationregardingthecollectionoftaxes,orthecessationthereof,thereduction,exemptionorrefundoftaxes,orthepaymentoftaxesunderpaidandotherdecisionscontradictingtaxlawsandadministrativeregulationsandrules.,24,地方税收政策以及财政扶持的性质界定(续)NatureofLocalTaxPoliciesandFinancialSubsidies(Contd),关于加强依法治税严格税收管理权限的通知(国发19984号)“NoticeonStrengtheningtheTaxAdministrationaccordingtoLawandTighteningtheTaxAdministrationPowers”(Guofa1998No.4)中央税、共享税以及地方税的立法权都集中在中央,各地区、各部门要依法治税,依法理财,不得超越权限擅自制定、解释税收政策,也不得越权批准减免税收、缓缴税收和豁免欠税ThelegislativeauthorityonCentralTax、SharedTaxandLocalTaxareexclusivelyreservedbythecentralgovernment.Alldistrictsanddepartmentsshallgoverntaxationandfinancebylaw,andshallnotstipulateorinterprettaxpoliciesbeyondtheirauthority,orapprovetaxconcessions,taxdeferralsorexemptionsonoutstandingtaxes.减免税收必须依照税法规定执行,任何超越税法和税收管理权限规定的减免税必须立刻纠正;Taxreductionandexemptionshallbeimplementedinaccordancewithtaxlaws.Anytaxreductionsorexemptionsbeyondtaxlawortaxadministrationauthorityshallbeimmediatelycorrected.要坚决杜绝以缓代欠,以缓代免的现象,严禁以任何理由减免纳税人的欠税,凡已经减免的欠税,要限期追缴入库。Taxarrearsandtaxexemptionthroughtaxdeferralshouldbefirmlyresolved,prohibitingtaxarrearsforanyreason.Theexemptedoutstandingtaxesshallberecoveredanddepositedinthetreasurywithinprovidedtimelimits.,25,地方税收政策以及财政扶持的性质界定(续)NatureofLocalTaxPoliciesandFinancialSubsidies(Contd),结论:地方政府承诺的财政返还/财政扶持不是税收优惠Conclusion:Financialrefundorfinancialsubsidiesbylocalgovernmentsisnottaxpreferentialtreatments实践:各地政府仍然在地方财政范围内,通过建立扶持基金等方式给予企业一定的返还或者扶持,从而变相给予税收优惠。因此,投资者在选择投资地点时应当对于地方政府许诺的政策进行“识别”,以控制投资风险Practice:Localgovernments,withinlocalfinancerevenue,providecertainreturnorsubsidybywaysofestablishmentoflocalsupportingfunds,whichmaybedeemedasadisguisedtaxpreferentialtreatment.Hence,inordertocontrolinvestmentrisk,investorsshoulddiscernthepolicycommitmentsbylocalgovernmentswhendeterminingtheinvestmentlocality,26,外资有限合伙典型案例CaseStudyonatypicalFILPEstructure,假设Assumption2010年初,外国企业B和中国企业C分别投资2000万元和1000万元设立中国实体A,双方约定由企业C进行实体A的日常经营管理,企业B不参与管理Atthebeginningof2010,overseasCo.BanddomesticCo.Cinvested20Mand10MrespectivelyindomesticEntityA.BothpartiesmutuallyagreethatentityAshallbemanagedbyCo.C,whileCo.CdoesnotparticipateinthemanagementofEntityA.2015年,扣除成本、费用和损失后,中国实体A取得生产经营所得3600万元In2015,EntityAreceivesnetoperatingincomeof36Mafterdeductingcost,expensesandlosses企业B、企业C于2015年底按投资比例从实体A取得利润(假设无需提取公积金)Co.BandCo.CreceiveincomesfromEntityAbasedoninvestmentratio(assumingnoreservefundisrequiredhere)企业B、企业C无其它收入、成本、费用Co.BandCo.Cdonotincuranyotherincome,costsorexpense,境外Overseas,27,模式1:外资有限合伙Module1:FILPE,*假设企业B为有限合伙