酸化剂技术资料

动物饲料的酸化 Acidification of animal feeds,建明工业（珠海）有限公司,有关乳猪断奶和养殖盈利的一般原则General thoughts surrounding weaning and profitable pig production,断奶期 养猪业中最为关键的时期 Weaning the most critical stage of pork production+ 500 g 离开母猪 = + 1.0 kg 出售 。+ 500 g leaving the nursery = + 1.0 kg at market time 饲料的根本改变 Radical dietary change 从温暖液体母乳 变为干冷的饲料和冷水。From warm fluid milk to cold dry feed & cold water不再有被动的抗体保护。Loss of passive antibody protection高度的紧张 High stress身体上，换了新环境 甚至几公里之外Physical relocation up to several kilometers新的 (更激烈的)竟争 New (and higher) level of competition,为什么要把饲料酸化? Why Dietary Acidification?,适应断奶后消化道系统的酸性环境Support the GI acidification system post- weaning酶的激活Enzyme activation防止细菌的生长和繁殖Inhibit bacterial growth and propagation减低尿液的pH值Reduce urine pH要记住水也是一种饲料.事实上,水是动物一天当中食量最大的一种成份Remember water is also feed.In fact, it is the largest component of an animals daily intake,胃液酸化的重要性 Importance of Gastric Acidification,成为微生物进入猪肠的一道屏障。Barrier to microbial passage into the intestine生命中最初几小时 胃酸还没有产生。First hours of life no gastric acid production允许初乳中的免疫球蛋白和细菌进入小肠。Allows passage of colostral immunoglobulins and bacteria into the small intestine胃蛋白酶在 pH 3.5 (或更低) 条件下激活。Pepsin activation at pH 3.5 (or lower) in stomach创造最佳条件，把蛋白质消化分解为多肽。Optimizes initial digestion of proteins to large peptides肽酶激活 (胰腺和肠道) 需要把肠道的pH降到中性。Peptidase activation (pancreatic and intestinal) by lowering the intestinal pH to neutral,缓冲机制 Buffering Mechanisms,唾液 Saliva分泌碳酸氢盐 (胃和肠道) Bicarbonate secretions (gastric and intestinal)粘液 Mucus饲料 Feed蛋白质产品 (大豆粉，肉粉等) Protein products (soybean meal, meat meal, etc.)碳水化合物 Carbohydrates矿物质 (Ca, Mg, etc.)Minerals (Ca, Mg, etc.)水 Water采食的水：饲料比 = 3 : 1 Water-to-Feed Intake = 3 : 1,乳猪是胃酸不足的分界期 Piglets are Marginal to Deficient in Stomach Acid (Polivoda et al, 1973),Age (days),Stomach PH,Adult,Around 2.0,断奶,(乳猪时间35天, 喂食后小时测定浓度; Schnabel 1983)(suckling time 35 days, concentrations determined 3 hours after feeding; Schnabel 1983),健康青年猪胃消化液的胃酸浓度 Concentration of Acids in Stomach Digesta of Healthy Young Pigs,suckling,weaning,Weeks post-weaning,Hydrochrolic acid,Lactic acid,断奶猪胃液pH值的时间变化趋势(每个数值是15个数值的平均值; Thomlinson et al, 1981) Stomach pH values over time in the weaner pig(each value is the mean of 15 values; Thomlinson et al, 1981),结论 Conclusion,为了促进小猪的消化，有必要向猪饲料添加酸There is a real need for acid addition to pig feed to help pigs better digest their feed,然而 However ,向饲料中添加有机酸还有其它好处The addition of organic acids to feed can have other beneficial effects,pH值的作用 抗微生物 The pH effect antimicrobial ,通过降低pH抵抗微生物的效果Antimicrobial effect through lowering pH,在pH 4 条件下阻止 Gr- 细菌的繁殖 (大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌) Inhibiting the growth of Gr- bacteria (E.Coli and Salmonella) at pH 4,促进生产乳酸菌(LAB) 的繁殖Stimulation of lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB),通过降低pH抵抗微生物的效果Antimicrobial effect through lowering pH,最佳 pH范围Optimal pH-range 大肠杆菌E. Coli 6 - 8沙门氏菌Salmonella 6 - 7.5链球菌Streptococcus 6 - 7.5 葡萄球菌Staphylococci 6.8 - 7.5梭状芽胞杆菌 Clostridia 6 - 7.5,H+ A-,H+,A- (阴离子效果) (anion effect),H+,+,H+,+,A-,有机酸的抗菌机理Organic acid anti-bacterial mechanism,(细胞外的低 pH 值利于防止细菌生长(lower pH outside the cell helps prevent bacterial growth),(增加细胞内的H+ 浓度杀死细菌) (increased H+ inside the cell kills bacteria),pH 效果1. pH effects2. 阴离子效果2. Anion effects(不同阴离子结构有不同效果)(differences due to different anion structures),pH 的作用 消化功能 The pH effect digestive ,一些原料束缚酸的能力 ACID BINDING CAPACITY OF SOME RAW MATERIALS,原料 Raw material大麦 Barley小麦 Wheat高梁 Maize燕麦 Oats麦糠 Wheat bran豆粉 Soya meal鱼粉 Fishmeal脱脂乳粉 Skim-milk powder磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate石灰石 Limestone,meq/kg200 - 300appr. 500950 - 12001500 - 19001200 - 15006500 - 7500appr. 20 000,(Prohaszka and Baron, 1980 pH 4),高缓冲能力 (HBC) 1 和低缓冲能力 (LBC)猪饲料 (DECUYPERE ET AL, 1997) THE HIGH BUFFER CAPACITY (HBC) 1 AND LOW BUFFER CAPACITY (LBC) OF THE PIGFEEDS (DECUYPERE ET AL, 1997),测定了两种不同缓冲能力的日粮: a) 高缓冲能力日粮 926 meq (HBC) b)低缓冲能力日粮566 meq (LBC) (1) Two diets with different buffer capacity were tested: a) A high buffer capacity diet with 926 meq (HBC) b) a low buffer capacity diet with 566 meq (LBC)(2) dEB 以 K + Na Cl计算 (2) dEB calculated as K + Na - Cl,ANALYSIS,Proteins%,Insoluble ash%,Fat%,High Buffer Capacity Feed,Low Buffer Capacity Feed,(1)测定了两种不同缓冲能力的日粮: a) 高缓冲能力日粮 926 meq (HBC) b)低缓冲能力日粮566 meq (LBC) (1) Two diets with different buffer capacity were tested: a) A high buffer capacity diet with 926 meq (HBC) b) a low buffer capacity diet with 566 meq (LBC)(2)带有上标的差值表示有极显著差异 (p0.01)(2)differences with superindex are highly significant (p112C Flash point 112C延胡索酸（富马酸） Fumaric acidpK 值 = 3.03 & 4.54 pK values = 3.03 & 4.54溶解度低，溶解慢: 利于延长在整个消化道的一致效果 lower & slow solubility: aids persistence through the gut扰动细菌膜系统 bacterial membrane perturbation确认能够改进氨基酸和能量的消化率 established role in improving amino acid & energy digestibility升华点 = 200C Sublimation point = 200C,早酸 Formic acidpK 值 = 3.75 pK value = 3.75刺激性,腐蚀性酸 pungent, corrosive acid很快被肠壁吸收 rapidly absorbed across intestinal wall闪点= 68C) Flash point = 68C)乳酸宝 牌酸化液剂的抗菌活性 Acid LAC Liquid brand acidifier anti-microbial activity(Acid Lac 液 3 ml/l, 接触20 min. 20 C, % 杀灭率) (Acid Lac Liquid 3 ml/l, exposure of 20 min. at 20 C, % killing),Acid Lac 3 ml/l,杀灭率% Acid Lac 3 ml/l, killing % 大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli 99.54沙门氏菌 Salmonella 99.67宋内氏痢疾杆菌 Shigella sonnei 99.19空肠弯曲杆菌 Campylobacter jejuni 99.06胃分枝杆菌 Mycobacterium fortuitum 87.60单核细胞增生利斯特菌 Listeria monocytogenes 99.09,结论:Acid Lac 液体酸化剂在水中具有高效抗菌活性Conclusion:Acid Lac Liquid has highly efficient anti-microbial activity in water,卡巴多carbadox (1000ppm) 及 Acid Lac (10% 溶液)对大肠杆菌的抑制作用 Inhibition of E.coli with carbadox (1000ppm) or Acid Lac (10% solution),E.coli,Contrast,对抗生素具有抗药性的细菌对乳酸宝 的敏感性 Antibiotic resistant bacteria sensitivity to Acid LAC brand acidifier,E.Coli isolate number,Resistant to:,Inhibition zone,Neomycin ,virginiamycin, colistin, spiromicin, gentamycin,Neomycin ,colistin, spiromicin, gentamycin,Neomycin ,colistin,Neomycin , virginiamycin, colistin, spiromicin, gentamycin,Neomycin ,colistin,gentamycin,Neomycin ,colistin,Neomycin , gentamycin,Neomycin ,colistin, spiromicin, gentamycin,Neomycin ,colistin, spiromicin,Neomycin ,colistin, spiromicin,Control=12.7mm,乳酸宝 牌酸化粉剂对细菌生长反应的影响 (5g 猪饲料加95ml 盐水带/不带相当于 3kg/吨的 Acid LAC 干剂/t; 两个处理都是 pH 4.0) In vitro bacterial growth response to Acid LAC Drybrand acidifier (5g pig feed in 95ml saline without/with equiv. 3kg Acid LAC Dry/t; both treatments at pH 4.0),饲喂乳酸宝 牌酸化剂7天（ 5 kg/吨）后3只猪仔的平均值 中国北京大学, 1998Mean of 3 piglets after a 7d feeding with Acid LAC brand acidifier at 5 kg/tBeijing University, China, 1998,Acid LAC牌酸化剂对猪仔消化道 pH 的影响The effects of Acid LAC acidifier on the pH in the pigs digestive tract,pH,饲喂乳酸宝 牌酸化剂7天（ 5 kg/吨）后3只猪仔的平均值 中国北京大学, 1998Mean of 3 piglets after a 7d feeding with Acid LAC brand acidifier at 5 kg/t Beijing University, China, 1998,Acid LAC 对自然条件下大肠杆菌群体的影响Effect of Acid LAC on the in situ populations of E. coli,Log CFU/g,大肠杆菌浓度E coli concentration,减少9.3%9.3% reduction of E. coli,胃,十二指肠,空肠,肠,饲喂乳酸宝 牌酸化剂7天（ 5 kg/吨）后3只猪仔的平均值 中国北京大学, 1998Mean of 3 piglets after a 7d feeding with Acid LAC brand acidifier at 5 kg/tBeijing University, China, 1998,Acid LAC 对自然条件下乳酸菌群体的影响.Effect of Acid LAC on the in situ populations of LAB sp.,Log CFU/g,乳酸菌浓度Lactobacillus concentration,乳酸菌增加8.9%8.9% increase in Lactobacilli,胃消化液 pH (中国四川大学, 2002): 处理 28 天后 (n=4) Stomach digesta pH (Sichuan Ag. Univ., China, 2002): after 28 days on treatment (n=4),乳酸宝 牌酸化剂活体（in vivo）抗菌效果 in vivo anti-bacterial effects of Acid LAC brand acidifier,饲喂乳酸宝 牌酸化剂天（5kg/t）后小猪体内乳酸菌数(log10 cfu/g) (Liu & Li, 1998),Gut location,Contrast,Acid LAC in feed,Stomach,Duodenum,jejunum,lleum,乳酸宝 牌酸化剂 生产试验 Acid LAC brand acidifier production trials ,单一酸 Acid LAC brand acidifer,试验在动物学科技中心进行 - Lovenjoel (B) (8-11- 9 till 16-12-94)3x50 猪仔重量 7.8至26 kg , 工业饲料: 对照, 1.25 % 延胡索酸, 0.5% Acid LAC酸化剂Trial at Zootechnical Centre - Lovenjoel (B) (8-11- 9 till 16-12-94)3x50 piglets from 7.8 to 26 kg , industrial feed : control, 1.25 % fumaric, 0.5% Acid LAC,采食量 Feed intake(g/day) 日生长率Daily growth (g/day) 饲料转化率Feed conversion,乳酸宝 牌酸化剂添加到新断奶猪仔饲料的效果 波兰 (1995).终重 (kg) (日龄85)Acid LAC brand acidifer in pig (pre)starter diets - Poland (1995).Final weight (kg) (day 85),C=对照 C=ControlT1=Acid LAC 3 kg/吨T1=Acid LAC 3 kg/tonne T2=Acid LAC 4 kg/吨T2=Acid LAC 4 kg/tonneT3=Acid LAC5 kg/吨T3=Acid LAC5 kg/tonneT4=延胡索酸 20 kg/吨T4=Fumaric acid 20 kg/tonne,Akademia Rolnicza Wrowlaw Poland 1995. Prof. dr. hab. B. Fuchs, Prof. dr. hab. J. Pres. 5 个处理, 6 次重复, 每处理12 只猪仔. 5 treatments, 6 replicates, 12 piglets per treatment.,C=对照 C=ControlT1=Acid LAC 3 kg/吨T1=Acid LAC 3 kg/tonne T2=Acid LAC 4 kg/吨T2=Acid LAC 4 kg/tonneT3=Acid LAC5 kg/吨T3=Acid LAC5 kg/tonneT4=延胡索酸 20 kg/吨T4=Fumaric acid 20 kg/tonne,乳酸宝 牌酸化剂添加到新断奶猪仔饲料的效果 波兰 (1995). 饲料转化率 (起始日粮) (日龄 27 - 85)Acid LAC brand acidifer in pig (pre)starter diets - Poland (1995).Feed conversion ratio (starter diet) (day 27 - 85),Akademia Rolnicza Wrowlaw Poland 1995. Prof. dr. hab. B. Fuchs, Prof. dr. hab. J. Pres. 5 个处理, 6 次重复, 每处理12 只猪仔5 treatments, 6 replicates, 12 piglets per treatment.,猪仔饲料添加Acid LAC 5 kg/t:For Piglets with Acid LAC 5 kg/t:,乳酸宝 牌酸化剂添加到新断奶猪仔饲料的效果 丹麦(1995).Acid LAC brand acidifer in piglets - Denmark (1995).,丹麦, 1995. 猪仔, 4-9周龄.Denmark, 1995. Piglets, week 4-9.,Control,Flavour,Acidifier A,Acidifier B,Feed intake,Daily gain,丹麦宰商组织 (1996)113-116 头/处理; 在 4至 9周龄断奶 Danish Slaughteries Organisation (1996)113-116 pigs/treatment; weaning at 4 weeks to 9 weeks of age,断奶乳猪场试验: (1) 3栏/处理，12只/栏; (2) 5栏/处理，10只/栏; 饲喂日粮7 天，不用抗生素，然后处理21天 (Kyriakis et al (希腊Thessaloniki大学) 1996, Proc. 14th IPVS Congress, 意大利) Weaner farm trials: (1) 3 pens/tmt with 12 pigs/pen; (2) 5 pens/tmt with 10 pigs/pen; 7 days on diet without antibiotic, then treatments for 21 days (Kyriakis et al (Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece) 1996, Proc. 14th IPVS Congress, Italy),乳酸宝 牌干酸化剂对腹泻率的影响 Diarrhoea incidence response to Acid LAC brand acidifer Dry,生长猪饲料添加乳酸宝 牌酸化剂的试验Acid LAC brand acidifier IN GROWING PIGS,*表示同一行中有显著差异 (p0.1)每组26只猪 活猪重从22至50 kg*Significantly different in the same row (p0.1)26 pigs per group - from 22 to 50 kg live weight,比利时农业应用研究中心 1997 (FXP/14/AC/12) Practical Research Centre in Agriculture - Belgium 1997 (FXP/14/AC/12),生长猪饲料添加Acid LAC 牌酸化剂的试验Acid LAC brand acidifier IN GROWING PIGS,母猪怀胎和泌乳期添加乳酸宝 牌酸化剂 5 kg/t 效果:Acid LAC brand acidifier 5 kg/t during gestation and lactation period:,母猪日粮添加ACID LAC 试验：泰国ACID LAC IN SOW DIETS:Thailand,:,ACID LAC - 990330 - SOWS 51,大写字母上标： p0.01，小写字母上标： p0.05different capital superscripts : p0.01 - different lower case superscripts : p0.05,Number of sows,Total piglets born,Av.piglets per sow,Av.piglets born alive per sow,Av. Piglet weight at birth,weaned Piglets per sow,Av. Piglet weight at weaning,Mprtality at weaning,Weight uniformity at weaning,Control,Difference,AL/Control,母猪日粮添加乳酸宝 酸化剂试验：泰国对母猪粪便中大肠杆菌数量的影响 (CFU/g) Acid LAC brand acidifier IN SOW DIETS: ThailandEffect on E. coli in sow faeces (CFU/g),WEEKS,ACID LAC - 990330 - SOWS 52,乳酸宝 对怀胎母猪粪便中大肠杆菌数量的影响The Effect of Acid LAC brand acidifier on E. coli Counts in Sows Faeces During Gestation,处 理 Treatment取样时间 Sampling time 对照 Control Acid LAC 12.5-15g/天0 (起始) 0 (initial) 5.84 x 109a 5.93 x 109a 3 周 3 weeks 5.76 x 109a 5.36 x 108b12 周 12 weeks 6.12 x 109a 4.28 x 107b16 周 16 weeks 5.59 x 109a 5.02 x 10 7b19 周 19 weeks 6.46 x 109a 6.38 x 10 7b (ab= 在同一行中有不同上标表示有显著差异 P0.05)(ab= Means in same row with different superscripts differ P95%通过20目(ASTM) 贮存 阴凉,干燥,避免阳光直射.不用时密封好.稳定性 未打开原包装的饲料可稳定保存24个月,前页的翻译,前页的翻译,ACID LACTM乳酸宝液剂产品描述 一种用于饮用水及工厂饲料的液体有机酸混合剂有效成份 丙酸，乳酸，甲酸和柠檬酸作用 减少饮用水中有害细菌的数量 抑制肠道有害细菌如大肠杆菌的生长繁殖 减少腹泻 适合于支持抗生素 可作为促进生长的抗生素替代品 调节胃中pH 改进消化 延长饲料保质期用量 饮用水: 1-3kg/1000L 成品饲料: 3-5g/T产品特性 外观 不透明液体 颜色 棕色 口味 酸味 pH 1.02.0 25比重 1.00-1.20 25粘度 小于100cps贮存 阴凉,干燥,避免阳光直射.不用时密封好.稳定性 未打开原包装的饲料可稳定保存24个月,投资回报率ROI,乳酸宝 牌酸化剂用于小猪能够降低饲料增重比 F/G至少0.05 (对于断奶期小猪为1.65 对1.55)。Acid LAC brand acidifier in piglets is able to reduce F/G ratios by a minimum of 0.05 points (1.65 vs 1.55 in weaning pigs),断奶期小猪日粮价值RMB 2200 / 吨 = RMB 2.2/kg。Value of weaning pig feed diets RMB 2200 / ton = RMB 2.2/kg对于每1000 kg 增重, 添加了Acid LAC酸化剂的小猪将少吃100 kg 饲料.1650 1550 = 100 kg。For every 1000 kg of weight gain, pi