高三一轮复习语法之非谓语动词ppt课件

非谓语动词,1,.,1.非谓语动词的分类,非谓语,不定式（todo）,分词,现在分词（-ing）,过去分词（-ed）,动名词（-ing）,2,.,2.非谓语动词的使用条件,重要性：非谓语动词是历年高考的必考点。使用条件：如果句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有并列连词，就要考虑使用非谓语动词了，即v.ing形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。,3,.,3非谓语动词的形式,4,.,4.非谓语动词的句法功能,5,.,不定式和动名词,不定式做主语不定式做表语不定式做宾语不定式做宾语补足语不定式做定语不定式做状语,6,.,1.不定式和动名词做主语（专题七考点）,不定式和动名词都可作主语，但动名词多指抽象的、概念性的动作，可以是多次的经常的行为；不定式作主语多指具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。,7,.,2）常用不定式做主语的句型：Itbe+名词+todosth.Ittakes/tooksb.+sometime+todosth.It+be+difficult，easy，hard，important，impossible.+forsb.+todosth.It+be+careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,silly,stupid,wise.+ofsb.+todosth.,8,.,翻译：,1.照顾好老人是我们的责任。2.我花了三个小时才完成这项工作。3.我们很难在一个小时之内完成(写）这篇作文。（composition）4.把老师说的所有东西都记下来是不明智的。eg1.Itisourdutytotakecareoftheold.eg2.Ittookmethreehourstofinishthiswork.eg3.Itisdifficultforustofinishwritingthiscomposition.eg4.Itisunwisetowritedowneverything(that)theteachersays.,9,.,3)常用动名词作主语的句型：Itis/wasnogood/usedoingnotanyoflittleworthThereis/wasnosense/point(in)doing.,10,.,2.不定式和动名词做表语（专题七考点）,注意两点：1）若主语为动名词，表语也要用动名词；主语为不定式，表语也要用不定式；eg，眼见为实。Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.2)一般来说，不定式前面的to不能省略，但当主语部分含有动词do时，to需省略。(前有do后无to）eg5，我所想的就是现在去参观博物馆。WhatIwantistovisitthemuseum.eg6，他所想做的事就是去河里游泳。Whathewanttodoisgoswimmingintheriver.,11,.,3.不定式和动名词作宾语（专题七考点）,(1)常跟不定式作宾语的动词：decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish；refuse,manage，care，pretend；offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help；口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。此外afford，happen，wait，threaten等也要用动词不定式作宾语,12,.,(2)动词tell，show，understand，know，explain，teach，learn，advise等常接“疑问词（how，what,whether,where,when,who)不定式”作宾语；但疑问词why后加不带to的不定式（即动词原形）。eg7，你能告诉我为什么这样做吗？Canyoutellmewhydoit？eg8，我不知道怎么提高我的成绩。Idontknowhowtoimprovemygrades.,13,.,(3)在某些动词如find，think，consider，feel，make，believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。eg9,只要你认真对待学习，你就会发现取得好成绩其实很容易。Aslongasyoutakelearningseriously,youwillfinditeasytogetgoodgrades.,14,.,（4）常跟动名词作宾语的词：consider(考虑)，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon；admit，delay/putoff，fancy(想象，设想)；avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice；deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate;forbid，imagine，risk;canthelp，mind，allow/permit，escape等。口诀如下：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想；避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏；禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡；,15,.,(5)下列动词或词组既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：mean/forget/regret/goon/stop/remember;(6)动词need，require，want作“需要”，deserve作“应受”解时，其后用动名词的主动形式（doing）或不定式的被动形式（tobedone）表被动意义。need/require/want/deserve需要/值得被.beworthdoing=beworthytobedone,doingtobedone,16,.,练习：,1.Tom_whentheyspokeillofhim.A.happenedtobepassedB.happenedtobepassingbyC.happenedpassingbyD.happenedtopassed2.Weallhope_scientists.A.becomeB.tobecomeC.becomingD.became3.Ihappened_thearticlewenheaskedmeaboutit.A.tohavereadB.havingreadC.tobereadD.reading,B,B,A,17,.,4.Itisnice_yourvoice.A.tohearB.hearC.heardD.tobehearing5._istostruggle.A.LivingB.LiveC.ToliveD.Tobelive6.Herwishis_adoctor.A.becomingB.becomeC.tobecomeDbeingcome,A,C,C,18,.,4.不定式作宾语补足语（专题七考点）,1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾语补足语，如asksb.todo，wantsb.todo，invitesbtodo，getsb.todoforce，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。注意：think，consider，believe，suppose，prove，appoint，judge等后常用“tobe.”作宾补/主补。,19,.,2)下列动词可接省略to的动词不定式(即动词原形）作宾语补足语：一感(feel)，二听(hear，listento)，三让(let，have，make)，五看(see，notice，observe，watch，lookat)，半帮助(help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。eg，她妈妈让她每天练钢琴。Hermothermakesherplaythepianoeveryday.=Sheismadetoplaythepianoeveryday.,20,.,(3)在动词allow/permit/advise/forbid/permit/consider后直接跟动名词作宾语；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用动词不定式作宾语补足语；allow/permit/advise/forbid/permit/consider,sb.tododoing,21,.,练习：,7.Idontallow_inmydrawingroom.Idontallowmyfamily_atall.A.smoking;tosmokeB.tosmoke;smokingC.tosmoke;tosmokeD.smoking;smoking8.Yourclothesneed_.A.washedB.tobewashedC.towashD.beingwashed9.Thisbikeisnotworthy_.A.toberepairedB.ofrepairingC.torepairD.repairing,A,B,A,22,.,10._providesuswithessentialnutrients,while_providesuswithoxygen.A.Toeat;breathingB.Eating;tobreatheC.Eating;breathingD.Eaten;breathed11._isbettertolovethan_.A.That,tobelovedB.That,beloveC.It,belovedD.It,tobeloved,C,D,23,.,5.不定式和动名词做定语（专题七考点）,用不定式做定语的几种情况:1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。2)前有序数词，形容词最高级，thelast，thenext,theonly、no、all、any等词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。eg.每天晚上他是最后一个离开教室的人。Heisthelastpersontoleavetheclassroomeverynight.,24,.,3）常用不定式作定语的抽象名词有：ability，chance，idea，hope，wish，fact，excuse，promise，attempt，way等。即：makeapromisetodosth.makeanattempttodosth.theabilitytodosth.,25,.,注意：,1.不定式结构作定语时，与其所修饰的名词，意义上有着主谓关系或动宾关系；eg，1）Hehasalargefamilytosupport.2）Ihaveameetingtoattend.3）Wemustfindapersontodothisjob.若该不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。4)Thenurehasfivechilderntolookafter.5)Letsfindaroomtoputthingsin.,（supportthefamily动宾关系）,(attendthemeeting动宾关系）,(Apersondoesthisjob.主谓关系）,(lookafterfivechildern),(putthingsintheroom),26,.,动名词作定语可置于名词前，表示被修饰的名词的用途和功能。eg，awalkingstick拐杖aswimmingpool游泳池afishingnet渔网,27,.,12.Ihavegottheloaf;nowIamlookingforabreadknife_.A.cuttingitbyB.cuttingitwithC.tocutitwithD.tocutitby13.Butwhateverthesituationis,thebestadvice_(avoid)misunderstandingistoobeytheGoldenRule:treatothersasyouwouldliketobetreated.14.Therearefivepants_.(choose)15.Pleasegivemesomepaper_.(write),C,toavoid,tochoosefrom,towriteon,28,.,6不定式作状语（专题七考点）,1）不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语的情况较多，有时不定式前还可加inorder或soas，构成“inordertodo”或“soastodo”结构。inordertodo可以放在句首也可以放在句中；soastodo只能放在句中。这两个结构置于句中时，不能用逗号隔开。比较：Theystartedearlyinordertogetthereintime.Inordertogetthereintime,Theystartedearly.Theystartedearlysoastogetthereintime.SoastoTheystartedearlygetthereintime.,正,正,正,误,29,.,注意：作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.Todrawmapsproperly,aspecialpenisneeded.,正,误,30,.,2）.不定式作结果状语常在下列句式中：so.asto;such.asto;.enoughto;onlyto(常表示出乎意料的结果）；too.toeg，Iamnotsostupidastowriteitdown.Janehurriedbackonlytofindthathermotherhadleft.Imtootiredtostayuplate.注意：在onlytoo.to结构中，too.to并非是“太.而不能.”之意。此时，与too.to.搭配的形容词常见的有pleased，ready，willing，glad，happy等。,31,.,3）.不定式作原因状语形容词作表语，后面可接动词不定式作原因状语，用以说明该情绪产生的原因。eg，Iamgladtohearfromyou.用于这类结构中的形容词有：happy，glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready等。,32,.,4.在“主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+todo”结构中，句子的主语与动词的不定式存在着逻辑上的被动关系，且形容词表示主语的性质或特征，这时，需要用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。eg，Thisquestioniseasytoanswer.Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.该结构中常见的adj有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe等。,33,.,5.在It/That/this+be+a/an+adj.+n.+todo.结构中，todo不定式主动形式表示被动含义。eg，Thisisadifficultquestiontoanswer.这是个很难回答的问题。Itisaneasysentencetotranslate.这个句子很容易翻译。,34,.,14.DoctorsanddentistsuseX-rays_(look)insidethebody.15._(catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupearly.16._(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.17.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood_A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed18.Itisadifficultproblem_.(solve),tolook,Tocatch,Tolearn,B,tosolve,35,.,不定式和动名词用法小结：,1.作主语（常用it作形式主语）常以动名词做主语的句型&常以不定式作主语的句型2.作表语主表一致；前有do后无to,36,.,3.作宾语常跟不定式作宾语的动词常跟“疑问词+不定式”作宾语的词常用it作形式宾语的词常跟动名词作宾语的动词既可以跟不定式也可以跟动名词但有区别的动词need，require，want，deserve，worth，worthy的用法,37,.,4.作宾补用不定式作宾语补足语的动词；（注意think，consider，等）接省略to的动词不定式(即动词原形）宾语补足语的动词；（一感二听三让五看半帮助）allow/permit/advise/forbid/permit/consider的用法,38,.,5.作定语不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。前有序数词，形容词最高级，thelast，thenext,theonly、no、all、any等词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语常用不定式作定语的抽象名词6.作状语不定式作目的、原因、结果状语在“主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+todo”结构中，主动形式表示被动含义，在It/That/this+be+a/an+adj.+n.+todo.结构中，,39,.,分词,40,.,41,.,当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且表示动作已完成时，用done。当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且表示动作正在进行用beingdone；比较：Thequestiondiscussedyeaterdayisveryimportant.Thequesionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.,分词作定语,注意：一般不用现在分词的完成,42,.,注意:1、现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。2、在修饰something，nothing，anything，someone等词时要置于它们的后面。,单词分词+被修饰的词被修饰的词+分词短语不定代词+单个分词,43,.,改错：,1.Myfavoritepictureatthepartyisofmycoachandmeenjoythebiscuitswithhappylaughter!,_enjoying,44,.,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。有时为了表示强调，也会在分词前加上相应的连词，如when、while、because、as、although等。若该动作和句子主语之间是主动关系，则用现在分词；eg，Lookingback，Ihonestlydontknowhowshedidit.若该动作和句子的主语之间是被动关系，则用过去分词。eg，Offeredanimportantroleinanewmovie，Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.,分词作状语,45,.,改错：,2.Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundthathisparentsweremissing.3.Oneeveningatsunset，wesatbythefire，haveourbarbecue.4.Consideredmycase，myteacherofferedmeseveraldetailedapproachesandadvisedmetosetashorttermgoaltoimprovemymath.,looking,having,Considering,46,.,5.Everyyear,TheMerseyRiverFestivalattractsthousandsofvistors,_(make)thecityaplaceofwonder.6.Sheworksinatheatre,_(follow)inherfathersfootsteps.7.Theprofessorenteredthelab,_(follow)byseveralstudents.8.Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway_(use)thesunandthestars.9._(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidntwanttoeatthereagain.,making,following,followed,using,Havingeaten,47,.,注意：有些分词源于系表结构，做状语时不表动作而表动态。常见的有：belostin陷入沉思；betiredof厌倦于；belocatedin坐落在，位于；beburiedin沉思，专注于；bedreesedin穿着；beseatedin，坐