中考英语复习之名词-百度最全ppt课件

.,1,语法互动(一)名词,.,2,中考考点：1、可数名词的复数2、不可数名词的量3、名词所有格4、名词的句法作用5、名词与主谓一致6、名词的相关词性考法：单项选择，完形填空，短文填空。,.,3,考点一专有名词概念：表示某个人、地方、机构等所特有的名称，第一个字母始终要大写人名ThomasEdison,KarlMarx,BillGates地名Italy,Boston,theSummerPalace,theGreatWall其它July,Christmas,ChildrensDay,ClassOne,GradeNine,TheQingEmpire缩写UFOUSAWTOETCDs,threeAs,anH,aU,aone-dayholiday,anhour,.,4,考点二不可数名词1分类不可数名词分为_(表示无法分为个体的物质，如rice,water,milk等)和_(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work,time,health等)。常考的不可数名词还有：advice,happiness,news,trouble,weather,traffic,information,homework,progress,experience(经验)等。2基本用法不可数名词一般没有复数形式，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面不能用不定冠词a/an修饰，但可用定冠词the修饰。,物质名词,抽象名词,.,5,不可数名词：（前面不能用a,an等来修饰）到目前为止我们所学的不可数名词有：液体类(water)：juice(果汁),tea（茶）,soup（汤）,milk（牛奶）,cola（可乐）,coffee（咖啡）,肉类(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（猪肉）,mutton（羊肉）粉末类：bread（面包）,抽象名词类：news（新闻，消息）,information（消息）,money（钱）,advice（建意）,friendship（友谊）,work（工作）,homework（家庭作业）,housework（家务活）,schoolwork（学业）,help（帮助）,fun（乐趣）,health（健康）,price（价格）食物类（food)：broccoli（花椰菜）,rice（大米，米饭）,porridge（粥),junkfood（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力）,tofu（豆腐）,.,6,3既可数又不可数的名词有些名词既能用作可数名词，又能用作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：chicken鸡(可数);鸡肉(不可数);room房间(可数);空间(不可数)fish鱼(可数);鱼肉(不可数)glass玻璃杯(可数);玻璃(不可数)paper试卷，报纸(可数);纸张(不可数)work(工作)(不可数)-works(作品)(可数);arm(胳膊)(可数)-arms(武器)(没有单数);custom(习俗)-customs(海关)(单复数同形),plant(种植)-plants(工厂)(可数),good(好)(不可数)-goods(没有单数)商品;wood(木头)(不可数)-woods(树林)(可数),.,7,food是食物的总称，不可数，foods是指具体的某种食物fruit是水果的总称，不可数，fruits是指具体的某种水果experience当“经历”讲，是可数；当“经验”讲，是不可数exercise当“习题”讲，是可数；当“运动”讲，是不可数cake“蛋糕”可数；bread“面包”不可数,.,8,容易当成可数的不可数名词：eg：hair，advice，furniture，knowledge，information，progress,clothing,energy,fruit,honey,ice,paper,litter,news,room,rubber橡胶,salt,sugar,sand,space,temperature,time,trouble,behavior,homework,housework,bamboo,eggplant。容易当成不可数名词的可数名词：eg：difficulty,skill,accent口音,memory,discovery,pronunciation,hobby,interest,influence,surprise,difference,feeling,advantage,mistake,treasure。,.,9,4不可数名词量的表达不可数名词的数量要借助一个量词来表达，其结构为：数词量词of不可数名词。如：一块面包_两杯茶_三杯橘汁_不可数名词计量的表达:个数单位词：piece（张、片、块、条）,容器单位词：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）,类别单位词：kind(种、类)度量衡单位词：kilo(千克、公斤),apieceofbread,twocupsoftea,threeglassesoforange,.,10,abagofrice,twokindsofbananas,threecupsoflemonade,fourkilosofsalt,fivepiecesofnews重要应用：后面谓语动词的单复数和“数量词”保持一致，而不是名词！eg：apairofpantsis10yuan./Tenkilosofwaterareheavy.,.,11,考点三可数名词1规则名词复数形式的构成,个体名词一般是可数的。单数可数名词不能独立使用，前面必须有限定词a，an，the，my等；但复数名词可以独立使用e.g.她做作业时，经常出差错。错Sheoftenmakesmistakeinherhomework.对Sheoftenmakesamistakeinherhomework.对Sheoftenmakes(some)mistakesinherhomework.PandasarefoundinSichuan.熊猫生在四川。,.,12,.,13,.,14,A表示国家、报纸等名词看做单数theUnitedStates;theNewYorkTimesB表示群岛、山脉、瀑布、奥运会等专有名词看做复数，谓语也用复数形式TheAlpsareinEurope.;theOlympicGames,.,15,2.不规则名词复数形式的构成不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况：(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如：footfeet；goose-geesetoothteeth;mouse-mice老鼠,manmen;womanwomen;policemanpolicemen;policewomanpolicewomen;EnglishmanEnglishmen(但：GermanGermans)。(2)词尾加(r)en。如：child_；oxoxen(3)单、复数相同。如：sheepsheep;deerdeer;yuan元fishfish;Chinese_；Japanese_。做语言不可数（English）,children,Chinese,Japanese,.,16,关于“国人”的复数：中、日友好：Chinese-Chinese中国人，Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法联邦：Englishman-Englishmen,英国男人Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人;Frenchman-Frenchmen,法国男人Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人;澳、加（真）美:Australian-Australians,Canadian-Canadians,American-AmericansAnEnglishman;theyareEnglish;HeisEnglish.IamaChinese;IamChinese(国籍)IamAmerican.IamanAmericanboy.,.,17,3名词修饰名词时的复数形式的构成名词作定语修饰名词时，其复数形式为：只将后面的名词变成复数，如：manyappletrees，boystudents,girlfriends,shoeshops(例外sportsshoes).但是如果man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数。如：womanteacherwomenteachers女教师；mandoctormendoctors男医生。4英语中有些名词总以复数形式出现。如：clothes,pants,trousers,shorts,goods(商品),glasses,works(作品)glasses(眼镜),scissors(剪刀)等。5部分名词以“s”结尾，但不是复数：eg：news,physics,politics,maths.,.,18,6集体名词的数。集体名词表示的是由若干个个体组成的集合体。如：family,class,team,group,crown,army,public,police,people,等，它们以单数形式出现，但实为复数。如果强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。如：MyfamilyarewatchingTV.我的家人正在看电视。Myfamilyisahappyone.我家是一个幸福的家庭。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people(人们),police(警察)等，如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如：,.,19,e.g.Goandhaveyourhaircut.去把头发理一理。Hehasafewwhitehairs.他有几根白头发。,7“数+名+形”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词必须是单数：eg：afour-year-oldboy,a100-meter-longroad,.,20,考点四名词所有格1构成(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：一般情况下在名词后加s。如：迈克的汽车_我妈妈的生日_以s结尾的复数名词只加。如：教师节_三个小时的步行_,Mikescar,mymothersbirthday,TeachersDay,3hourswalk,.,21,不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加s。如：妇女节_儿童节_母亲节MothersDay,父亲节FathersDay(2)无生命的名词的所有格一般由“of名词”构成。如：我们教室的一张照片_一张中国地图_注意表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体、价值、重量、城市等无生命的名词，也可用s构成所有格。如：今天的报纸_世界人口_一个小时的散步十天的假期,WomensDay,ChildrensDay,apictureofourclassroom,amapofChina,todaysnewspaper,theworldspopulation,anhourswalk,tendaysholiday,.,22,2特殊用法(1)表示共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s；表示各自所有时，则需在每个名词后加s。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间_莉莉和露西各自的房间_(2)表示“家”、“店铺”等处所。如：在李雷家atLiLeis在医生的诊所_在药店atthechemistsImgoingtomyauntstonight.(myaunts=myauntshouse),LilyandLucysroom,LilysandLucysrooms,atthedoctors,.,23,复合名词的所有格，是在后面的一个名词后加“s”e.g.anhourandahalfstalkhisbrother-in-lawsphoto以“s”结尾的复数，直接加eg:studentsbook,TeachersDay,NursesDay单数以“s”结尾的，还是加seg：mybosssmother,.,24,(3)双重所有格是一种表示部分概念或含有感情色彩的结构，它含有强调或者突出的作用，其结构是“of短语+名词所有格”，其含义是“其中之一”或“其中一部分”我父亲的一本书_我的一个朋友afriendofmineoneofmyfriendsabookofMarys,somebooksofAmysafriendofhers,someapplesofmineanoldfriendofmyfathers=oneofmyfathersoldfriends,abookofmyfathers,.,25,注：有时双重所有格与“of+名词”结构含义不同，e.g.apictureofLis李所有照片的一张apictureofLi李的一张肖像Heisafriendofyourhusbands.他是你丈夫的一个朋友。（强调你丈夫的朋友不止一个）Heisafriendofyourhusband.他是你丈夫的朋友。（强调他对你丈夫的友好）,.,26,一般用.of.结构来表示无生命的名词所有格：如：thedooroftheroom房间的门amapofChina一张中国地图thephotosofmysister我妹妹的照片Aphotoofmyfamily,thenameofthezoo,thefrontwalloftheclassroom当有生命的名词定语较长时，也可以用of来表示其所有关系。如：Thestoryoftheoldkindwomanismoving.这位善良的老妇人的故事很感人。,.,27,（4）key,answer,bridge,time,way,chance,exit等名词表示所属关系时，介词用toeg：thekeytotheanswer/door问题的答案,门的钥匙,theway/methodtodosth.做某事的方法thetickettoTitanic票,thebesttimetodosth.最好时间,therighttodosth.做某事的权利thepathtosuccess通往成功的路,theanswertothequestion问题的答案,thecustomtodosth.做某事的习俗,theabilitytodosth.做某事的能力,thechancetodosth.做某事的机会,.,28,考点五、名词的句法功能1、名词作主语（1）一些以s结尾的名词，如news,physics在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用单三eg：Nonewsisgoodnews./Physicsisveryimportant.trousers,pants,shoes,glasses,socks等为复数概念在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用复数，但a(this)pairof+名词复数时，其主语是a(this)pair，故谓语动词要用复数eg：Thesetrousersareveryexpensive./Thispairofshoesisverybeautiful.,.,29,（2）表示时间、金钱、距离和价格等名词（TMDP）后加主语时，是一个整体，谓语动词要用单数eg：Tenminutesisenough./100milesisalongdistance./2dollarsisgood.（3）family,police,class等作主语时，若表示整体概念，是单数；若表示其中的各个成员时，是复数eg：Myfamilyisbig,myfamilyarekindtome.（4）the+姓氏名词复数（后加s）表示“一家”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数eg：TheGreensaregoingtoBeijing./TheChensareverypoor.,.,30,（5）neither+单数名词或neitherof+复数名词，在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数eg：Neitheranswerisright./Neitheroftheboysoftengoestothezoo.2、名词作定语（1）名词作定语，一般用单数形式eg：girlstudent,paperflowers（2）名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式eg：sportsmeeting,.,31,考点六、名词与主谓一致（1）主语后跟with，togetherwith，except，aswellas等时，谓语动词与前面主语保持一致。eg：JimwiththeGreensisgoingtoBeijing.Manystudentstogetherwiththeteacheroftengotothezoo.WeexceptAmyaregoingtohaveapartythisevening.TomaswellastheKingsisgoingtoJapantomorrow.,.,32,（2）主语与谓语的就近一致therebe在某时某地有某人或某物exerciseB.exercises;exercisesC.exercises;exerciseD.exercise;exercises,例4单项选择Alltheteachersandstudentsarehavingaparty.A.women;girlsB.women;girlC.woman;girlsD.woman;girl,例5改错Mytrousersaretoolong,buthersistooshort.,.,37,例6用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：Idontthinkmaths(be)easy.,例7单项选择：Mabelgaveme.A.twobreadB.somebreadsC.apiecebreadD.twopiecesofbread,例8改错：ShallIwaitforyouattheschoolsgateatfivethisafternoon?,例9单项选择：motherisaworker.MaryandMikesB.MarysandMikesC.MarysandMikeD.MaryandMike,.,38,例10单项选择：1.Aftertheexams,weshallhaveholiday.A.twomonthsB.two-monthC.atwomonthD.atwomonths2.MrSmithis.A.EnglishB.EnglishmanC.EnglishwomanD.Englishmen3.WangLeiwasborninWuhan,butGuangzhouhasbecomehersecond.AfamilyB.homeC.houseD.country4.MostEnglishpeoplesfamilynamecomesA.firstB.middleC.lastD.together5.Thereisaovertheriver.A.shipB.boatC.bridgeD.village,例13改错Youdbetterhavewalkaftersupper.,.,39,单项选择：,Theboydroppedtheandbrokeit.cupofcoffeeB.coffeescupC.cupforcoffeeD.coffeecup,2.Intime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees,too.A.fewyearsB.afewyearsC.afewyearD.afewyears,3.Grannyisbadlyill.Wehavetotakehertothe.A.farmB.postofficeC.shipD.hospital,4.Ihavetotellyou.A.anewsB.manynewsC.agoodpieceofnewsD.manynewses,5.aresoldinthatshop.A.MensandchildrensshoesB.MensandchildsshoesC.MensandchildrenshoesD.Manandchildshoes,.,40,6.Ifanyonecomestoseeme,askhimtoleavea.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice,7.MissSmithisafriendof.A.MarysmothersB.MarysmotherC.MarymothersD.MothersofMary.,8.Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller.A.pieceB.kindC.copyD.pair,9.Itsmydog.A.sisterLilysB.sistersLilysC.sisterLilyD.sistersLily,10.ShehadbeautifulblackbutIcouldseesomewhite.A.hair;hairB.hairs;hairsC.hair;hairsD.hairs;hair,.,41,1.-WhatsyourfavoriteChinesetraditionalfestival?-Its_.,A.AprilFoolsDayB.FathersDayC.ChristmasDayD.TheSpringFestival,.,42,2.Inthecomingsummerholidays,myfamily_goingtotakeaone-weektriptoQingdao.,A.isB.areC.wasD.were,.,43,3.-There_nomilkinthefridge.Couldyougetsomeforme,Dick?-Allright,Mum.,A.isB.areC.wasD.were,.,44,4.-Canyougetapianoforme,dear?-Butthereisntenough_foritinourhouse.,A.groundB.floorC.placeD.room,.,45,5.Afew_areplayingunderthetree.,A.boyB.boysC.chidsD.child,.,46,6.Look!Thekitesintheskyareindifferent_,somearebigandsomearesmall.,A.sizesB.colorsC.pricesD.names,.,47,7.Itsabeautiful,sunnyday!There_manypeoplehereonvacation.,A.beB.amC.isD.are,.,48,8.Look!Two_aretalkinghappilyundertheappletree.,A.manteacherB.manteachersC.menteachersD.menteacher,.,49,9.-Whatsinthe_?-Therearesome_and_inthem.,A.photoes;potatos;radiosB.photos;potatoes;radiosC.photoes;potatoes;radiosD.photos;potatoes;radioes,.,50,10.Allthe_teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.,A.manB.menC.womanD.women,.,51,11.Iveread_sportsnewsabouttheF1racetoday.,A.twoB.piecesC.twopiecesD.twopiecesof,.,52,12.Imgoingonhoildayonthe12th,Ihavetobebackatworkonthe26th,soIvegotatwo_holiday.,A.weeksB.weeksC.weeksD.week,.,53,13.Bobtoldmethathisnextmatchwasagainst_footballteamfromanotherschool.,A.agirlsB.girlsC.thegirlsD.girls,.,54,14.MrsGreenis_mother.,A.MaryandKateB.MarysandKatesC.MarysandKateD.MaryandKates,.,55,15.Whenwesawthefootballmatch,IsatbetweenTedandBen,thatistosaymyseatwasbetween_.,A.TedandBenB.TedsandBenC.TedandBensD.TedsandBens,.,56,16.Myschoolisntfarfromhere.Itsonly_walk.,A.fifteenminutesB.fifteenminutesC.fifteenminutes,.,57,17._wenttoAustraliaforaholiday.,A.TheGreensB.TheGreensC.TheGreenD.Greens,.,58,18.Jennysshoeswerewornout.Shewantedtobuyanew_.,A.shoeB.shoesC.oneD.pair,.,59,19.Youmustreadthe_carefullybeforetakingthemedicine.,A.newsB.picturesC.numbersD.instructions,.,60,20.Thereareabouttwenty_intheroom.Theyarehavingapartythere.,A.peopleB.sheepC.workerD.class,.,61,21.The_Parkwillopennextweek.,A.ChildrensB.ChildrensC.ChildrenD.Child,.,62,22.